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西南交通大学学报

西南交通大学学报

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Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University
本刊为全国核心期刊，并被《中国科学引文数据库》和《中国科技论文统计》收录为来源期刊。主要刊登理工类和经济管理等学科的基础理论研究、应用研究、实验研究、学术讨论等方面的学术论文以及科技信息报道。
  • 发文量：3580
  • 被引量：2245
  • H指数：3
  • 开始收录时间：
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  • 维普期刊影响因子： 1.24
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  • 国内刊号/CN：51-1277/U
    国际刊号/ISSN：0258-2724
  • 发行周期：双月刊
    邮发代号：62-104
  • 主管单位：中华人民共和国教育部
    主办单位：西南交通大学
西南交通大学学报-联系信息
  • 主编：翟婉明
  • 电话：028-66367562 66366845
  • 邮箱：xbz@home.swjtu.edu.cn
  • 地址：四川省成都市高新区西部园区西南交通大学综合楼449,451室
  • 邮编：6111756
西南交通大学学报-获奖情况
  • • 中文版获2010年全国高校科技期刊精品奖
  • • 中文版获2010年四川省高校科技期刊精品奖
  • • 《西南交通大学学报》（中文版）荣获2009年全国高校科技期刊优秀编辑质量奖，学报编辑部有2人获优秀编辑工作者称号，两篇由编辑部老师发表的有关编辑学方面的论著分获优秀编辑学论著一、二等奖
  • • 获全国高校科技期刊优秀编辑出版质量奖
  • • 1999年获四川高校优秀学报、优秀期刊一等奖
  • • 1996年获铁路优秀科技期刊一等奖
  • • 1995年获全国高校学报一等奖，四川省“十佳期刊”
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西南交通大学学报 >2024年第3期
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  • 摘要：In order to reflect the micro-mechanism of ballast-sleeper interaction and the process of ballast breakage, a 3-D ballast-sleeper model based on the discrete element method (DEM) was established, and ballast degradation and breakage under cyclic loading were simulated. In this model, irregular ballast particles are modeled by clusters, they are divided into two kinds, i. e. , unbreakable and breakable, and ballast is respectively subjected to monotonic and cyclic loads- The research results show that under the same load, contact force between ballast and sleeper is larger when the ballast is loaded than that when it is unloaded. The crushed clusters mainly appear underneath the sleeper, particle crushing is a major factor for sleeper settlement, and the sleeper settlement increases when ballast strength reduces.%为从细观力学上反映道砟与轨枕的相互作用机理以及道砟颗粒的破裂过程,建立了道砟-轨枕离散单元模型,对循环荷载作用下道砟破碎老化进行了仿真.道砟由不规则圆盘簇组成,分为不可破裂与可破裂颗粒,并施加单调荷载和循环荷载.结果表明:相同荷载下,加载时轨枕与道砟的接触力大于卸载时；破碎道砟颗粒集中在轨枕下方,道砟颗粒破裂产生的沉降是造成轨枕沉降的主要原因,沉降量随道砟颗粒强度的降低而增大.
  • 摘要：为明确相变效应对X65管线厚板控制冷却的影响,通过开发线性混合热膨胀模型、拓展Avrami相变动力学模型和应用Leblond模型建立了热力耦合有限元模型.用该模型研究了X65管线厚板在上下层流冷却系数分别为3和1 kW/(m2·K)的非对称控制冷却时,相变效应对温度、残余应力和应变的影响.结果表明:相变期间,潜热减缓心部和下表面的冷却速度达50％、25％；潜热和TRIP效应分别产生峰值为89、- 89 MPa,并且130、- 170 MPa的应力可减小整体残余应力；相变膨胀产生峰值为723、- 479 MPa的组织应力决定了整体残余应力大小及分布.%To study the phase transformation effect during the controlled cooling of X65 heavy pipeline plate, a thermomechanical coupled finite element model was established, where the developed linear mixture thermal expansion model, the modified Avrami transformation dynamics model, and the Leblond model were combined. Using the model, the influence of transformation effect on temperature, residual stress, and strain was studied during the asymmetric controlled cooling of X65 heavy pipeline plates with 3 kW/( m ·K) laminar cooling coefficient on top surface and 1 kW/( m ·K) on bottom surface. The result shows that latent beat slowed the coaling speed of inner and bottom surface by 50% and 25% , respectively, during the phase transformation. Peak stresses, 89 MPa and -89 MPa, were induced due to latent heat, and 130 MPa and - 170 MPa from TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) effect. Because of the coexistence of tensile and compressive stresses caused by latent heat and TRIP effect, the overall residual stresses were reduced. Moreover, the magnitude and distribution of the overall residual stresses were dependent significantly on the structural stress with peak values of 723 MPa and - 479 MPa from transformation dilatation.
  • 摘要：为探讨电液伺服系统的同步控制方法,以一个四液压缸大型平台电液伺服同步控制系统为对象,采用实验数据辨识4个液压缸的数学模型,对神经元自适应控制器用于同步控制进行了研究和改进,提出了虚拟主动缸和混合同步神经元控制结构.仿真结果表明:采用虚拟主动缸的同步效果好,最大同步误差为0.261 mm,但需要建立1个液压缸的数学模型；采用混合同步神经元控制结构,不需要建立数学模型,可通过调节参数控制同步误差,较好地实现同步控制,3和8 Hz正弦信号输入时最大同步误差分别为0.431和0.383 mm.%In order to probe into the synchronization control of an electro-hydraulic servo system, a large platform with four hydraulic cylinders was taken as the research object, and the four hydraulic cylinders were identified mathematically with experiment data, and the adaptive neuron technique was employed to realize the synchronization control. Two strategies of virtual master cylinder and hybrid neural synchronization control were proposed. The simulation results show that the strategy of virtual master cylinder can achieve a desirable synchronization performance, the maximum synchronization error is 0. 261 mm, but it needs to build the mathematical model of one hydraulic cylinder. The strategy of hybrid neural synchronization control does not need to build the mathematical model and can achieve a relative good synchronization control performance by adjusting parameters to minimize synchronization error, and the maximum synchronization error is 0. 431 and 0. 383 mm respectively under the sinusoidal input signals of 3 and 8 Hz.
  • 摘要：In order to meet the requirements of single input in designing the stabilizing controller for ships with single rudder or linked twin rudders and make the controller robust to ocean wave disturbance, a concept of guaranteed attractor disturbance rejection was presented for a class of system with persistent disturbance. Using back-stepping design, Barbalat lemma and Lyapunov theory, a scalar adaptive robust controller for this system was designed by solving an algebraic Riccati equation to restrain the system states into a bounded attractor. Furthermore, a criterion of the attractor minimization was brought forward in the form of linear matrix inequalities to optimize the effect of disturbance rejection control. Taking as an example the weak chaos phenomenon in the roll motion of the fishery administration ship 1500HP under weak wave, the designed disturbance rejection controller was used as rudder moment to control the chaos in its roll motion, and a numerical simulation was made to verify the disturbance rejection effect of the controller. The results show that the states of the ship roll model converge rapidly and stay in the presupposed attractor under the guaranteed attractor controller, while the attractor can be further compressed through optimization of the attractor controller.%为满足单舵或联动双舵结构设计舵减摇控制时的单输入要求,使控制器对海浪的扰动具有鲁棒性,针对一类受到持续扰动的系统,提出了保吸引子扰动抑制控制概念.结合反步设计方法、Barbalat引理和Lyapunov分析方法,通过求解代数Riccati方程,得到了该系统的标量自适应鲁棒控制器；将受控系统的状态抑制在一个有界的吸引子内,利用线性矩阵不等式给出吸引子最小化的判据,优化了扰动抑制控制.以渔政船1500HP在小风浪中的弱混沌横摇现象为例,用本文设计的扰动抑制控制器作为操舵力矩进行混沌横摇控制,通过数值仿真验证了保吸引子扰动抑制控制的效果.结果表明:保吸引子控制器使横摇系统的状态快速收敛,并将其抑制在预设的吸引子内,优化吸引子控制器能使吸引子进一步压缩.
  • 摘要：In order to probe into the relationship between practical adjustment quantity and calculated adjustment quantity of vertical track profile irregularity, a calculation method for adjustment quantity of vertical track profile irregularity was put forward, and a coupling calculation model of rail-fastener-rail-pad was established. The influencing factors, including vertical rail-pad stiffness, sleeper span and numbers of loosened fasteners and adjustment sleepers were analyzed, The research results show that vertical rail-pad stiffness has a large influence on the adjustment quantity when there is only one adjustment sleeper, while sleeper span and the number of loosen fasteners have a little influence on the adjustment quantity. Under the condition of continuous multiple adjustment sleepers with the same calculated adjustment quantity, the adjustment quantity of in-between sleepers can reach the calculated adjustment quantity.%为了探讨轨道高低不平顺(轨道高低)实际调整量与计算调整量的关系,提出了轨道高低调整量的计算方法；建立了钢轨-扣件-轨下垫板耦合计算模型；对轨下垫板垂向刚度、轨枕间距、松开扣件个数和调整枕个数等影响因素进行了分析.研究结果表明:调整枕只有1个时,轨下垫板垂向刚度对调整量的影响较大；轨枕间距和松开扣件个数对调整量的影响较小；连续多个轨枕调整且计算调整量相同时,中间部分调整枕的调整量可以达到计算调整量.
  • 摘要：In order to investigate the effects of vehicle motion on the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle-bridge system, a three-vehicle model and a single-vehicle model respectively for full-scale rail transit vehicles and road transit vehicles were designed to measure the aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicles and bridge deck under different testing cases by a self-developed wind tunnel test system with a moving vehicle model. The effects of vehicle speed, yaw angle, rail position of vehicle on bridge deck and vehicle type on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles and bridge deck were researched. The results show that vehicle drag and lift coefficients tend to increase with the increase of vehicle speed and the decrease of resultant yaw angle, and vehicle speed has a significant effect on the aerodynamic forces in the single-vehicle model. The effect of rail position on vehicle and bridge aerodynamic coefficients is notable, and bridge aerodynamic coefficients are insensitive to vehicle speed and resultant yaw angle.%为考虑侧向风作用下车辆运动对车-桥系统气动特性的影响,基于研制的移动车辆模型风洞试验系统,针对轨道交通车辆和公路交通车辆,分别采用三车模型和单车模型,测试了不同工况下车辆、桥梁的气动力系数,讨论了车速、风向角、车辆在桥上所处轨道位置以及车辆类型等因素对车辆和桥梁气动特性的影响.研究表明,随着车速的增大和合成风向角的减小,车辆阻力系数和升力系数存在增大的趋势,车速对单车模型气动力系数的影响更显著；车辆在桥上所处轨道位置不同对车辆、桥梁气动力系数的影响均较大,桥梁气动力系数对车速和合成风向角不敏感.
  • 摘要：In order to investigate the vortex-induced vibration performance of long-span suspension bridges and propose effective mitigation measures, a long-span suspension bridge with steel-box girder was taken as an engineering example. By a section model wind tunnel test with a scale of 1 :20, the effects of railings, maintenance rail and guide vane on the vortex-induced vibration performance of main girder at a low damping were investigated, and the mitigation measure of setting guide vane inside the maintenance rail was applied in bridge engineering. In addition, the mechanism of the vortex-induced vibration was discussed based on the test phenomenon. The research results show that the vortex-induced vibration can be effectively mitigated by the above measure, and the mitigation measure makes the aerodynamic shape of the main girder be more reasonable. Furthermore, the structure for this measure is relatively simple to be convenient for engineering application.%为研究大跨度悬索桥涡激振动性能,并提出有效的涡振抑振措施,以某大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥为工程背景,通过1∶20大尺度节段模型风洞试验,在低阻尼下研究了人行道栏杆、检修轨道、导流板对主梁涡激振动性能的影响；通过在检修轨道内侧设置导流板抑制主梁的涡激振动,并基于试验现象探讨了涡激振动发生的机理.研究表明,在检修轨道内侧设置导流板抑制主梁涡激振动的措施使桥梁断面的气动外形更合理,抑振效果好,且结构形式简单,便于工程应用.
  • 摘要：为了提高二齿差滚动活齿传动的设计水平和设计质量,将优化设计理论与稳健设计方法相结合,在考虑设计变量和设计常量的偏差对可行域影响的基础上,建立了二齿差滚动活齿传动的多目标稳健优化设计数学模型.基于模拟退火算法,提出了该模型的求解方法,给出了计算实例.计算结果表明:与应用普通优化方法得出的优化结果相比较,基于模拟退火算法的稳健优化设计所得的二齿差滚动活齿传动的体积缩小24.1％.%To improve the design of two-tooth difference rolling movable teeth transmission, a mathematical model of multi-objective robust optimization design for the transmission was established by optimization design theory and robust design method, taking account of the effect on the feasible region caused by deviations of design variables and design constants. Then, a solution method of the model was proposed based on the simulated annealing algorithm, and a numerical example was given for illustration. The numerical results show that the robust optimization design based on the simulated annealing algorithm, compared with the ordinary optimization design, can reduce the volume of two-tooth difference rolling movable teeth transmission by 24. 1%.
  • 摘要：为了研究追踪列车的节能优化操纵策略,提出了四显示固定闭塞系统下的列车静态速度约束条件和追踪列车动态速度约束条件.在此基础上,建立了以列车操纵手柄级位和工况转换点为控制变最的追踪列车节能优化模型.采用染色体长度可变多目标遗传算法,结合外部惩罚函数对该模型进行了求解,并利用遗传算法中的染色体变长算子对列车操纵手柄变换策略进行了优化.在四显示固定闭塞平台上的仿真结果表明,该方法可在安全、准点的前提下,使追踪列车的能耗下降4.3％,运行时间误差减小1.7％.%In order to study the optimum operating strategy for energy saving of the following train in a following operation , the static speed constraints of the trains and the dynamic speed constraints of the following train were put forward under a four-aspect fixed autoblock system. On this basis, an energy-saving optimal operation model of the following train was created taking the train control notch and the corresponding train position as control variables. With the help of the external punishment function, the model was solved by the changeable chromosome length multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA). The shifting strategy of the train control notch was optimized using the chromosome length mutation operator of GA to determine the change times of the train control notch during the whole trip. The simulation result from a four-aspect fixed autoblock system simulation platform shows that the method can reduce the energy consumption and trip time error of the following train by 4. 3% and 1.7%, respectively, on the premise of safety and punctuality.
  • 摘要：In order to improve the real-time traffic guidance, all the attributes for each section were defined as discrete random variables with respect to time in the light of the stochastic and time-dependent properties of attributes of sections in traffic networks. Based on the above, a model of path optimization was built for stochastic and time-dependent networks with multi-attributes. The multiple attribute decision making based on the information entropy theory was used to get the algorithm for the model. In this model, by adjusting the search order of nodes the information of each node can be obtained through only one computational step, the results of path selection can be achieved from all nodes to a specified destination in multi-attributes, then a traveler can get his ways by the arrival time. In the end, an example was given to illustrate the concrete steps of the algorithm and prove that stochastic and time-dependent networks do not follow " first in, first out" condition.%为了改善实时交通诱导,根据交通网络中路段属性具有随机时间依赖性的特点,将路段各属性定义为关于时间的离散随机变量,建立了多属性条件下随机时间依赖网络路径优化模型.基于信息熵的多属性决策方法,设计了模型的求解算法；优化了网络节点的搜索顺序,使每个节点的信息只通过一步更新就可得到,从而获得多属性条件下所有节点到给定终点的路径选择结果,出行者可以根据到达某节点的具体时刻选择行进方向.最后,通过算例给出了算法的实现过程,并说明了随机时间依赖网络不遵从“先进先出(FIFO)”条件.
  • 摘要：为了对高速公路设计与运营安全性评价提供理论依据,基于人-车-路协同过程中的驾驶员视觉注视特征,选取双向四车道高速公路453个线形组合路段,对13名小客车驾驶员在路面范围内的动态视觉注视点位置进行研究,分析不同运行速度下驾驶员在不同线形组合路段路面范围内的注视点分布规律,得出驾驶员受不同运行速度和线形条件影响时在路面上的注视点集中区域特点,提出基于驾驶员行为特征的驾驶期望视距概念,并建立了不同运行速度下驾驶期望视距的计算模型.研究结果表明:驾驶期望视距与车辆运行速度和平曲线半径相关；当道路平曲线半径小于等于800 m时,驾驶员的视野会随运行速度的提高受到限制,需采取适当限速措施以保证行车安全.%In order to provide a theoretical basis for the design and operational safety evaluation of freeways, 453 combined alignment sections of a four-lane two-way freeway were selected to study the dynamic visual fixation points on pavements of 13 drivers according to drivers' fixation characteristics in processes of "driver-vehicle-road" cooperation. The distribution of drivers' fixation points on pavements and the characteristics of the fixation concentration region were analyzed under different running speeds and various combined alignment sections. In addition, a concept of driver expectation sight distance was proposed, and a computational model of the driver expectation sight distance was built for different running speeds. The results show that the driver expectation sight distance is related to the running speed and horizontal radius. When the horizontal radius is less than or equal to 800 m , drivers' visual field will be restricted as the running speed increases, and some speed limit measures should be taken to ensure the driving safety.
  • 摘要：为定量评价繁忙终端区空中交通管制运行品质,以成都终端区为研究对象,针对单跑道终端区,建立了包括管制业务量、安全性能、效率性能、工作负荷及交通拥挤度的管制运行品质定量评价指标体系.根据专家意见选取20个相对独立的指标,给出了基于主成分分析法的综合评价方法.采集覆盖一周每日繁忙时段10:00～22:00的84个样本,得到各时段的管制运行品质综合评价结果.经K-均值聚类分析及实际运行表明,本文方法可行,评价结果与实际情况相符.评价结论为终端区的运行策略优化提供了依据.%An evaluation method for operation performance of terminal control at a single-runway airport was proposed by integrating principal component analysis and K-means cluster analysis. The Chengdu terminal area with a single runway was taken as an example of application of the proposed method. According to expert questionnaires, a three-layer index system was prepared, from which 20 indexes as independent as possible were chosen as raw data for principal component analysis, and 84 sets of samples, one for the period of an hour, were collected from everyday peak periods (10:00-22 ;00) of a week. The evaluation results were in fairly good consistency with those by experts. They also fed back for optimization of operation performance of terminal control, and desired results were achieved.
  • 摘要：In order to reduce pressure pulse effects produced from train running into tunnels, an entrance hood is often built on high-speed railway tunnel entrance. Numerical calculations were conducted to study the effects of structural parameters of a tunnel entrance hood, such as the entrance shape, the lengths of whole entrance hood and the transition section in it, and side wall opening areas on air pressure peaks as a high-speed train enters the tunnel at 350 km/h. The calculation results show that the entrance shape, the length of transition section in entrance hood has a little effect on pressure peaks; the length of entrance hood has a optimal value as other structure fixed; increasing opening areas on the side wall reduces the rate of pressure change, but increases pressure peaks. If two trains meet in the middle of a tunnel, the presence of an entrance hood reduces the pressure peaks.%为了减轻高速列车进出隧道时引起的洞口压力波效应,常在隧道入口加建缓冲结构.采用计算流体力学数值分析的方法,仿真计算了高速铁路隧道入口缓冲结构参数对列车以350 km/h进入隧道时的气动作用,分析了过渡段长度、缓冲段长度、缓冲结构开孔率、缓冲结构入口形式对隧道口内气体压力的影响和缓冲结构对隧道内会车压力波的影响.计算结果表明:过渡段长度和缓冲结构入口形式对隧道内气动影响很小,其他参数一定时缓冲段长度存在一最优值；缓冲结构上开孔有助于减小气体压力升高率,缓冲结构的存在有助于降低隧道内会车压力波峰值.
  • 摘要：为了给涵洞地段道砟垫的设计和优化提供理论依据,根据轮轨系统耦合动力学理论和有限元方法,建立了车辆-轨道-涵洞垂向耦合振动模型；采用大型通用显式动力分析程序LS-DYNA分析道砟垫对轨道和涵洞动力响应时频特性的影响,并对道砟垫的合理刚度进行了研究.结果表明:采用道砟垫不会加剧轮轨动力作用和影响行车安全,而且可显著减小涵洞的动力响应；道砟垫对钢轨振动的影响不大,对轨枕振动有一定减振作用,但对道砟振动有不利影响；道砟垫的合理面刚度为50～100 MPa/m.%In order to provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of ballast mat on railway culvert, a vertical coupling dynamical model for a vehicle-track-culvert system was established based on the wheel-rail coupling dynamics theory and the finite element method. LS-DYNA, a large-scale dynamical analyzing program, was used to analyze the time-frequency characteristics of dynamic responses of vehicle, track and culvert with and without using the vibration mitigation measure of ballast mat. In addition, the proper rigidity of the ballast mat was investigated. The results show that the adoption of the vibration mitigation measure does not aggravate wheel-rail dynamic interaction and affect the running safety of trains. Furthermore, the measure can evidently decrease the dynamic response of culvert, while rarely influence rail vibration. It has a certain damping effect on the vibration of sleeper, but has a negative influence on ballast vibration. The proper rigidity of ballast mat is suggested to be from 50 to 100 MPa/m.
  • 摘要：In order to research interaction between three-dimensional waves and structures, a numerical model for the interaction of three-dimensional waves and a structure was established based on the concept of two-phase flow, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and incompressible viscous fluid equations in large eddy simulation ( LES). Interaction between three-dimensional waves and a large-diameter circular cylinder was simulated numerically. The virtual boundary force method (VBFM) and two-step boundary-pinpoint method were adopted to determine the boundaries of the structure. The research show that the numerical simulation result of the circumfluence factor for a large-diameter circular cylinder has a good agreement with the analytical solution. The established numerical model can successfully simulate the interaction between three-dimensional waves and structures.%为探讨三维波浪与结构物的相互作用,以两相流概念、大涡模拟的不可压缩粘性流体运动方程和自由水面追踪分段线性近似的流体体积(VOF)法为基础,建立了三维波浪与结构物相互作用的数学模型；对三维波浪作用下大直径圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟,用两步边界定位法和虚拟边界力法确定波浪与结构物接触面.结果表明:大直径圆柱绕流系数的数值计算结果与理论解吻合,所建立的数学模型能够很好地模拟三维波浪与结构物的相互作用.
  • 摘要：为了将耦合损伤时相关疲劳失效模型移植到有限元软件ABAQUS中,使其能够对钎料合金简单结构试样的非比例多轴低周疲劳失效行为进行有限元模拟,通过ABAQUS提供的材料子程序UMAT对其进行了有限元实现,并通过典型算例对简单结构试样在非比例加载路径下的低周疲劳失效行为进行了有限元数值模拟.与相同加载路径下的实验结果比较表明:移植的模型能够较好地模拟钎料结构试样的载荷响应及载荷随循环周次的衰减,同时也能较好地预测其低周疲劳寿命,说明该疲劳失效模型的有限元移植是合理有效的.%A damaged-coupled time-dependent fatigue failure model was implemented into the finite element code ABAQUS via user material subroutine UMAT, and typical numerical examples were used to simulate the low cycle fatigue (LCF) failure behavior of 63Sn-37Pb solder alloy structural specimen under nonproportional loading paths. The comparison with the experimental results under the same loading paths shows that the implemented constitutive model can simulate the load response and the load decaying with cyclic number, and predict LCF life of the solder structural specimen well. Therefore, the finite element implementation of fatigue failure model is reasonable and effective.
  • 摘要：To overcome the detecting data error due to the temporal and spatial instability of traffic condition and improve the accuracy of spot speed prediction, a spot speed prediction model based on grey neural network was developed on the basis of grey prediction model and BP(back propagation) neutral network. The model combines the characters of low data demand of grey prediction model and the self-learning and self-adaptive abilities of BP neutral network. It uses field data as output to build different grey prediction models, and then the predicted results are used as inputs to train the BP neural network to obtain the optimized model. Case study shows that compared with those of the traditional grey theory and BP neural network models, the average relative deviation between predicted and field data at 20,40,60 s sampling intervals can decrease 32% on average using the proposed model. Therefore, the proposed model can be used as a basis for traffic condition estimation and travel time prediction.%为了克服交通流时空不稳定性导致的检测数据误差,提高预测点速度的精度,在比较传统灰色预测模型和反向(BP)神经网络预测模型优缺点的基础上,建立了灰色神经网络点速度预测模型.该模型综合了灰色预测模型所需数据少及神经网络具有的自学习和自适应能力的特点.以实测值作为输出数据,构建不同的灰色预测模型,将各灰色预测模型的预测结果作为BP神经网络训练的输入数据,得到最佳的预测模型.实例分析表明:与传统灰色理论及BP神经网络预测模型相比较,在20、40和60s采样间隔条件下,本文模型预测结果与实测值的相对误差平均减少了32％,为交通运行状态评价和行程时间预测提供了依据.
  • 摘要：In order to rationally standardize the proposed web quality model (WebQM) and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model in actual web quality assessment, WebQM was formalized in the ISO/IEC Z language and studied empirically based on the structural equation model ( SEM) approach. By building a sample data set and constructing an SEM for WebQM, the goodness-of-fit of WebQM was analyzed based on the generalized least square method. Calculated GFI (goodness-of-fit index) , AGFI (adjusted goodness-of-fit index) and CFI (comparative fit index) for actual sample data are 0. 944, 0. 911 and 0. 981, respectively. The result shows that WebQM highly conforms to the actual web source quality status and is feasible and effective.%为了合理规范所提出的Web资源质量模型(WebQM),验证WebQM在实际Web质量评测中的可行性和有效性,基于ISO/IEC标准化Z语言,对WebQM进行了形式化描述,并应用结构方程模型技术对WebQM进行了实证研究.通过获取数据样本集和构建WebQM的结构方程模型,采用广义最小二乘法实现其与实际Web质量状态的拟合分析.基于实际采样数据,计算得到拟合优度指数、修正拟合优度指数和比较适合度指数分别为0.944、0.911和0.981.分析结果表明,WebQM的实际拟合优度高,具有可行性和有效性.
  • 摘要：In order to obtain the data corresponding to certain condition or status from mass test data quickly and accurately, the problems existing in conventional time-sequence search methods were analyzed, and a fast search approach for multi-channel mass data was proposed based on optimal entropic matching. In this approach, the conventional " time matching" is replaced by " status matching". The approach depends mainly on entropy testing to need few parameters, have less reliance on neighborhood time and largely reduce the error caused by time synchronization between different channels. Furthermore, it has a big search scale and a fast search speed. The result shows that in certain condition, the search speed can be increased by thousands of times with an improved matching precision, and the relative error of every main parameter is less than 0.05.%为快速、准确地从海量试验数据中获取所需的与某一工况或状态对应的数据,通过分析常规时序搜索方法存在的问题,根据信源熵的原理和特点,提出了一种基于最佳熵匹配的多通道海量数据快速搜索方法.该方法用“状态匹配”代替常规的“时序匹配”,以检测熵值为主,所需参数少,对邻近时间的依赖性小,降低了因通道间时间同步产生的误差,搜索步伐大,速度快.结果表明,对于一些特定的工况,搜索速度可提高数千倍,匹配准确度提高,主要参数的相对误差均在0.05以下.
  • 摘要：为改善液压系统的性能,选择合适的液压控制阀节流阀口,建立了5种典型液压节流阀口过流面积的数学模型；采用AMESim软件建立了相应的仿真模型,并分别就输入信号、负载和阀口尺寸对5种节流阀口系统动态特性的影响进行了仿真分析.研究结果表明:外形尺寸相同时,L形节流阀口适用于重载、系统压力快速建立的情况,三角槽形节流阀口适用于压力稳定、灵敏度要求高的情况；适当增大阀口的外形尺寸可改善系统的动态响应性能.%In order to improve the performance of a hydraulic system and select proper notches of a hydraulic control valve, mathematical models for flow areas of five typical hydraulic notches were established, and corresponding simulation models were set up based on software AMESim. The effects of input signal, load and notch dimension on the systematic dynamic characteristics of the five notches were analyzed numerically. The results show that under the same dimension, L-shaped notches are applicable under the circumstances of heavy load and rapid pressure establishing, and triangle notches are suited for the conditions of pressure stability and high sensitive response. To increase the apparent dimensions of notches appropriately can improve the dynamic characteristic of the system.
  • 摘要：In order to overcome disadvantages of the marine soft soil foundation treated by the conventional dry jet mixing( DJM) piles, such as mixing non-uniformity of soil cement and low strength of pile body, a technique of using T-shaped bidirectional DJM piles was proposed to reinforce the soft marine clay foundation in Lianyungang area of China. Single pile tests were conducted in a field site of the Lianyungang-Linyi Expressway (Jiangsu Section). Disturbance effects of DJM during installation and static load test after the construction of the T-shaped bidirectional DJM were analyzed. The dissipation process of the excess pore water pressure after installation, load, and settlement parameters were monitored during the static load test. The results indicate that the excess pore water pressure exceeded the effective overburden stress of the soil during installation, probably due to the larger diameter of upper head of the T-shaped DJM pile and the repeated mixing process. However, excess pore water pressure dissipated quickly just after installation. Single pile installation had an influence scope of 5-10 times the pile radius. The single pile static load test results indicate that, compared to bidirectional and conventional DJM piles with the same diameter, the ultimate bearing capacity of the T-shaped bidirectional DJM pile increased 36% and 76%, respectively. Therefore, T-shaped bidirectional DJM is characterized by high pile strength and high single pile bearing capacity.%针对常规粉喷桩处理海相软土地基中存在的搅拌不均匀、桩身强度低等问题,提出了钉形双向搅拌粉喷桩的施工工艺.以连云港至临沂高速公路软基处理项目为例,进行了现场单桩施工扰动、单桩静载试验,并对试验过程中的孔隙水压力、土压力等参数进行监测.结果表明:钉形粉喷桩由于上部桩径扩大且进行复搅,使变径深度处的超静孔隙水压力最大,且超过土体的上覆有效应力,单桩施工影响在5～10倍桩体半径范围内；由于增大了上部桩径,承载力比相同直径的双向搅拌粉喷桩和常规(单向)粉喷桩的单桩极限承载力分别提高了36％和76％.因此,钉形粉喷桩具有对施工扰动小、单桩承载力高等优越性.
  • 摘要：An enthalpy-porous model was used to simulate the melting behaviors of capric acid in a rectangular enclosure with a heated wall on one side. The simulation accuracy was verified by comparing the simulated results with those by experiment. The simulation results showed that average Nusselt number and its decreasing rate reduced gradually with an increase in Fourier number. An exponential function for melting volume fraction was regressed, the exponents of which for Stefan number, Rayleigh number and Fourier number were 0.663 5, 0.190 6, and 0. 853 5, respectively.%采用焓-多孔介质模型模拟右侧恒温加热的矩形单元内癸酸熔化过程,实验中相变单元前后均设置玻璃观察窗,通过拍照法捕捉相界面位置,验证了模拟计算的准确性,在此基础上,研究了癸酸在不同边界温度条件下熔化时矩形单元内温度分布及相界面变化情况,并分析了癸酸熔化平均努谢尔特数及熔化速率的变化规律.结果表明:平均努谢尔特数随傅里叶数增加逐渐下降,且下降速率渐缓；熔化速率随壁温单调增加,熔化分数与斯蒂芬数、瑞利数、傅里叶数成指数关系,指数系数分别为0.6635、0.1906、0.8535.
  • 摘要：In order to reveal the effects of particle shape on friction mechanism, frictions among non-viscous particles were decomposed into the macro biting-force and the mesoscopic biting-force. Impact and angle-of-repose (AOR) numerical tests were conducted to study the effects of particle shape on macro biting-force and mesoscopic biting-force by modeling irregular shape particles using discrete element method. The results of numerical tests show that the friction coefficient of irregularly shaped particles is nearly two times its interface friction coefficient, while the friction coefficient of ellipsoid particles is approximately equal to the interface friction coefficient. Meanwhile, different particle shapes endowed the particles with rolling or slipping characteristics, and influence the macro biting-force and the granular friction behavior.%为了揭示颗粒外形对无粘性散体摩擦机理的影响,将无粘性颗粒材料之间的摩擦作用分解为颗粒间宏观咬合和微观咬合摩擦,运用不规则外形颗粒离散元建模方法,进行撞击模拟和自然安息角模拟,研究颗粒外形对微观咬合摩擦和宏观咬合作用的影响.数值计算结果表明,不规则外形颗粒集料摩擦因数近似为接触面摩擦因数的2倍,椭球体集料摩擦因数与接触面摩擦因数近似相等；颗粒外形不同使得颗粒运动状态呈现出滑动或滚动特征,并影响其宏观咬合特性及颗粒集料的摩擦性能.
  • 摘要：为了满足城市发展和旅客出行对客运轨道交通运输体系的需求,界定了客运轨道交通运输系统为包括铁路和城市轨道交通在内的广义系统,分析了传统铁路列车停站模式的弊病,提出了构建客运轨道交通系统的基本原则,即以人为本原则、整体效益最优原则和与城市发展相协调原则,构建了一体化客运轨道交通运输体系.根据铁路和城市轨道交通的不同衔接形式,提出了替代兼用、共轨运输和枢纽换乘3种构建一体化客运轨道交通运输体系的基本模式.通过对传统模式的适应性、城市位置、铁路现状、铁路新建或延伸走向、城市轨道交通现状及规划、技术条件、运输组织7个条件的判别,得出了适用于23种不同特性城市构建模式的选择结果,为一体化客运轨道交通运输体系的构建提供了决策支持.%To meet the increasing demand for passenger rail transit system from city development and passenger travel, a concept of integrative passenger rail transit system (IPRTS) was defined for the generalized system including railway and urban rail transit, and the disadvantages of the traditional stopping mode of railway trains were analyzed. Then, fundamental principles for IPRTS constructing was presented, i. e. , the people foremost, maximum whole benefit, and coordinated development with city. According to different connection forms between railway and urban rail transit, three building modes of the IPRTS were put forward, including dual-purpose mode, common-rail mode, and station transfer mode. The building modes for 23 situations with different characteristics were determined by judgment of 7 conditions, namely, traditional mode adaptability, city position, railway conditions, railway route, urban rail transit conditions and planning, engineering factors, and transportation organization. This can provide a decision support for the IPRTS building.
  • 摘要：To solve area air traffic congestion problems, an integer programming model based on time-based metering for area traffic flow management was built. The optimization objectives of the model are minimizing the total weighted delay and minimizing the weighted delay out of the area, and the two objectives are correlated through a decision preference parameter. In addition to the deterministic sector capacity constraint, two new constraints, including the miles-in-trail restriction for the traffic flow and the maximum allowable delay time for flights in the sector, are added to the model to satisfy the practical operation constraints of area traffic flow management. The model was then solved with the software CPLEX through a numerical example using the real operational airspace data and flight data from the Middle South Area Control Center. The results show that the decision preference parameter can adjust the two objectives, and that the newly added constraints can satisfy the practical needs and ensure the feasibility of the strategy implementation, that is produce additional workload for therncontrollers when implementing the resulting strategy.%为解决区域内空中交通拥挤问题,以最小化总权重延误和最小化区域外权重延误为优化目标,通过决策偏好参数关联两个优化目标,在确定性扇区容量约束的基础上,增加了流量尾随间隔限制约束和扇区最大允许延误时间约束,构建了满足区域性流量管理实际运行约束条件的基于时间计量的流量管理整数规划模型.选取中南区域的实际空域和航班计划数据,采用CPLEX优化软件求解模型.结果表明:目标函数中的决策偏好参数能调节两个优化目标；新增的约束条件能满足实际运行需求和保证策略的可实施性,即在实施生成的策略时不产生额外的管制员工作负荷.
  • 摘要：In order to achieve the maximum network bandwidth utilization of FlexRay bus, the payload length in a FlexRay static frame was optimized. Based on a present optimization model for the static segment in a FlexRay network and by simplifying a nonlinear operator to a linear one, an analytical expression of the optimal static slot length was derived. The correctness of the expression was validated through numerical experiments and its applicable range was obtained. The research result shows that the optimal value of the payload length of a FlexRay static frame is proportional to the square root of the average length of all the static signals in a FlexRay network, and compared with a numerical method, the analytical expression increases calculation efficiency by 99%.%为实现FlexRay总线带宽利用率最大化,对FlexRay静态帧净荷段的长度进行了优化.在已有的FlexRay总线静态段时间优化模型的基础上,通过将其中的非线性算符简化为线性算符,导出了最优静态帧净荷段长度的解析表达式.数值实验验证了解析表达式的正确性,并得到了解析表达式的适用范围.结果表明:FlexRay网络静态帧净荷段的最优长度与所有静态信号平均字节长度的平方根成正比；与数值方法相比,解析表达式的计算效率提高99％以上.
  • 摘要：为解决快速时尚品在成熟期网络销售过程中的物流节点选址与分配问题,以分销网络收益最大化作为决策目标,考虑销售策略及提前期约束的影响,构建了由4个参与方和4层物流设施构成的快速时尚品物流分销网络的多周期非线性混合整数规划模型,并采用遗传算法确定产品折扣率以及中央仓库、第三方物流企业和自取点的选址、分配及服务方案.算例结果表明:当折扣率为0.687时,物流分销网络总收益最大；当集货期大于等于2d时,物流分销网络总收益的增长率迅速减小.%In order to solve the logistics network location-allocation problem of fast fashion products in mature period of e-commerce retailing, a multi-period non-liner mixed integer programming model was proposed for the fast fashion products' logistics distribution network consisting of four parties and four layers. In this model, the maximization of profit is taken as the optimization objective, sales strategy and controllable lead time are taken into account, and the genetic algorithm is adopted to achieve the discount rate and the locations, allocations and service plans of warehouses, third party logistics enterprises and pickup spots. The case study results illustrate that when the discount rate is 0.687, the total profit of a logistics distribution network reaches the maximum value, and when the gathering time is not less than 2 d, the growth rate of the total profit decreases rapidly.
  • 摘要：为评估重庆两江大桥单索面斜拉桥正交异性钢桥面板疲劳设计参数的合理性,对由盖板、板肋和横隔板组成的箱形正交异性钢桥面板模型进行了疲劳试验和有限元分析.基于应力等效方法,对桥面板、横隔板与纵肋三向交叉部位,进行了竖向和横向双向加载试验、等效实桥疲劳应力幅值2 000万次作用疲劳试验,在此基础上,分析了3种开孔方式、构造细节、横隔板厚度及铺装层厚度等因素对疲劳性能的影响.研究结果表明:横隔板厚度和铺装层厚度对疲劳性能的影响很大；与钥匙形和圆形相比,苹果形开孔结构的主拉应力最小,为13.7 MPa,疲劳性能最优.建议开口肋正交异性板构造横隔板厚度大于16 mm,并采用苹果形开孔方式.%Experiment and finite element analysis (FEA) were conducted on the orthotropic steel decks of two single plane cable-stayed bridges in Chongqing municipality, China, to verify the fatigue design parameters. A full scale specimen with the actual connection details of the longitudinal ribs, crossbeams and deck plates was used for fatigue test. Vertical and horizontal fatigue loads were applied to the specimen under equivalent applied stresses for 20 million cycles. FEA was done to extend the ranges of design parameters verified by fatigue tests, such as cutout shape ( apple-shaped, key-shaped and circular) , and thicknesses of plates and deck pavement. The experimental and FEA results shown that the crossbeam and pavement thickness played a significant role on fatigue performances of the orthotropic steel decks. The principal tension stress (13.7 MPa) near the apple-shaped cutout was the smallest compared with those near the key-shaped and circular cutouts, so that the apple-shaped cutout was the best in terms of fatigue performances. The plate at least 16 mm thick and the apple-shaped cutout were recommended for the crossbeam of the orthotropic steel decks.
  • 摘要：In order to probe into the pollution characters of the surface of an insulator used in highspeed railway, forces on polluted particles in a strong wind environment were analyzed, and a simulation model for pollution of QBJ-25/20 type bar insulator was established. By taking the pollution volume fraction of insulator shed as the index of pollution measure, the relationships between the volume fraction and wind velocity and wind coming angle were obtained. The research result shows that in a strong wind condition there is a negative exponential relationship between the volume fraction and the coming angle, and there exists the same rerelationship between the volume fraction and the wind velocity. The pollution on the upper surface of the shed is mainly influenced by the coming angle ranging from 0?to 90? while the pollution on the lower surface of the shed is seriously affected by the wind velocity. With the increase of polluted particles' diameters, the volume fraction shows a trend of first increase and then decrease.%为探讨高速铁路绝缘子表面的积污特性,分析了污秽颗粒在强气流环境中的受力情况,建立了QBJ-25/20型绝缘子积污的仿真模型.以绝缘子伞裙表面污秽的体积分数反映其积污状况,得到了绝缘子伞裙上、下表面积污与风速及来流角度之间的关系.结果表明:在高速气流中,绝缘子表面积污量与来流角度、气流速度呈负指数关系；当来流角度在0°～90°之间时,伞裙上表面受来流角度的影响较大,而下表面受气流速度的影响更明显；积污量随污秽颗粒直径增大呈先增大后减小的趋势.
  • 摘要：In order to research the feature of headway in a Fallback mode and trie difference to a normal mode for a CBTC (communication based train control) system, the basic principle of the CBTC system and the relative technology about moving block and Fallback modes were investigated, models for train headway in a CBTC Fallback mode were constructed, and headways in the moving block and Fallback modes for the CBTC system were simulated and calculated. The research shows that CBTC moving block and Fallback modes can meet the system requirements and achieve small train headway. Compared with the Fallback moving-like block mode, the moving block mode can achieve much smaller train headway ( <90 s).%为了探讨基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)系统后备模式下追踪间隔的特性及与正常情况下追踪间隔的差异,在研究CBTC系统基本工作原理、相关移动闭塞和后备模式技术的基础上,建立了CBTC后备模式下的追踪间隔仿真模型,并对CBTC系统在移动闭塞和后备模式下的追踪间隔进行了仿真计算.结果表明:CBTC移动闭塞模式和后备模式都能满足系统要求,实现较小的追踪间隔时间；移动闭塞模式优于后备准移动闭塞模式,能够实现相对更小的追踪间隔时间(＜90 s).

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