重载铁路轮轨磨耗及其对安全运行的影响

摘要

The development and application of heavy haul railways in China and other countries were reviewed. Typical wheel-rail wear that occurred on heavy haul railway lines was elaborated,including the wheel flange wear,hollow wear on the wheel tread,wheel ovalization,eccentric wear of wheels, side wear at rail gauge corner,rail corrugation,wheel flats,and rail burns. Then,the wheel-rail wear of heavy haul railways was studied mainly from two aspects:the mechanical behavior of the wheel-rail interaction system;and the mechanism and development of the wheel-rail wear,influences of factors and possible counter measures. Moreover,effects of wheel-rail wear on the wheel-rail contact,the vehicle-track interaction,and the running stability and comfort of trains were discussed. Finally, research methods and technical routes were proposed to study the derailment safety problems of heavy haul trains under different worn conditions. With them,the derailment mechanism of heavy haul trains,key influential factors,and their rules under different worn conditions are expected to be worked out using numerical simulation.%介绍了国内外重载铁路发展现状和运用情况。详细论述了重载铁路在运营过程中轮轨典型的磨耗情况，主要有车轮轮缘磨耗、车轮踏面凹坑磨耗、车轮椭圆磨耗、车轮偏心磨耗、钢轨轨角侧磨、钢轨波浪形磨损以及轮轨擦伤。关于重载铁路轮轨磨损的研究主要分两个方面：轮轨的力学行为和基于轮轨行为对轮轨磨耗的机理、发展规律、主要影响因素和降磨措施。讨论了轮轨磨耗对轮轨接触载荷、车辆和轨道动力学行为、运行安全和稳定性的影响。提出了轮轨磨耗状态下重载列车脱轨安全问题的研究方法与技术路线，以期通过数值仿真计算，研究轮轨磨耗状态下重载列车脱轨机理和关键影响因素及其规律。