摘要:
Objective To study the pollution status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs),polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in cord blood of newborns in an e-waste dismantling area of Guangdong Province.Methods We recruited 20 eligible mothers and newborns who could meet the inclusion criteria in local hospitals of Guiyu in 2007.The inclusion criteria included directly engaged in dismantling e-waste during pregnancy and within 1 year before pregnancy;living in the e-waste dismantling workshops or the distance between living place and the e-waste dismantling areas was ≤200 m;the father of newborn was directly engaged in electronic waste dismantling for more than 1 year;the frequency of visiting the e-waste dismantling workshop during pregnancy was ≥3 times in a week.Questionnaires and physical examinations were performed on maternal and neonatal,and cord blood was collected from newborns to detect PCDD/Fs,PCB and PBDE.The concentration level of organic pollutants was corrected by the blood lipid content,and the total toxicity equivalent was calculated.The correlation between three compounds was analyzed by Spearman correlation.Results The mothers of the 20 newborns were (23.45±3.27) years old and lived for more than 5 years.The number of one parent engaged in e-waste dismantling,the mother or father smoking,and parent engaged in e-waste dismantling work were 3,13,15 and 19,respectively.The weight of newborns ranged from 2.5 to 3.6 kilogram and the Apgar score was 10 points.No adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth,malformation or stillbirth were found.The median (maximum,minimum) concentration of PCBs,PCDD/Fs and PBDEs in cord blood were 263.22 (328.29,244.19),38.42 (147.49,12.68),39.33 (265.11,14.81) pg/g lipid,respectively.The median (maximum,minimum) of toxic equivalence concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCB were 3.94 (9.24,2.69) and 15.95 (26.64,9.28) pg TEQ/g lipid.PBDE,the proportion of PBDE,PCB and PCDD/Fs in cord blood was 50.41%,49.25% and 0.34%,respectively.PCBs and PBDEs were positively correlated (r=0.733,P=0.039).Conclusion The high concentrations of PCDD/Fs,PCB,and PBDE were detected in the e-waste dismantling area.It is recommended that the risk of such substances on the health of local people should be assessed in a timely manner.%目的 了解广东省某电子垃圾拆解区新生儿脐带血中二噁英类化合物暴露水平.方法 2007年于广东省某电子垃圾拆解区当地医院招募符合纳入标准(怀孕期间及怀孕前1年内直接从事电子垃圾拆解者;在电子垃圾拆解作坊居住或居住场所距离电子拆解活动距离≤200 m;丈夫直接从事电子垃圾拆解1年以上者;怀孕期间前往电子垃圾拆解作坊的频数≥3次/周)的产妇及其新生儿各20名.对产妇进行问卷调查,对新生儿体格检查并采集新生儿脐带血,检测脐带血中的多氯代二苯并二噁英/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)、多氯联苯(PCB)和多溴联苯醚(PBDE)的浓度水平,采用血脂含量对测定结果进行校正,并计算总的毒性当量(TEQ);采用Spearman相关分析PCDD/Fs与PBDE、PCB与PBDE的相关性.结果 20名新生儿的母亲年龄为(23.45±3.27)岁,居住年限均超过5年;父母双方均至少有一方从事电子垃圾拆解;新生儿体重范围2.5~3.6 kg,未发现新生儿早产、畸形、死产等不良出生结局.脐血中的PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PBDEs总质量浓度中位数(最大值~最小值)分别为263.22(328.29~244.19)、38.42(147.49~12.68)和39.33(265.11~14.81)ng/g脂重;PCDD/Fs、PCB总毒性当量浓度中位数(最大值~最小值)分别为3.94(9.24~2.69)和15.95 (26.64~9.28) pg TEQ/g脂重.脐带血中PBDE、PCB和PCDD/Fs所占比例分别为50.41%、49.25%和0.34%.PCB和PBDE呈正相关(r=0.733,P=0.039).结论 电子垃圾拆解区新生儿脐带血中检测出二噁英类化合物PCDD/Fs、PCB和PBDE,该类化合物已在产妇体内形成蓄积,建议适时评估其对当地人群健康的影响.