摘要：
Objective To improve the understanding of clinical phenotype and genotype of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) in neonates.Method The clinical data of a neonates with the diagnosis of MADD and treated in the Neonatal Department of Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics in December 2016 were analyzed.The literature collected from Wanfang database,CNKI and PubMed database from 1976 January to 2017 June was retrieved.Using "glutaric acidemia type Ⅱ ","multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency","infant" and "neonate" as the key words.The phenotype and genotype characteristics were summarized.Result This boy was a full-term low birth weight infant with abnormal family history.He was admitted to hospital with recurrent episodes of poor response,respiratory distress and hyperlactacidemia.B-mode ultrasound abdominal examination suggested polycystic kidney disease.Laboratory tests revealed non-kenotic hypoglycemia,refractory metabolic acidosis,elevated lactate and muscle enzymes,hyperammonemia,abnormal coagulation function test.Mass spectrometry analysis showed that multiple acyl-carnitine increased.Urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed significantly increased levels of lactic,glutaric,2-hydroxypentanedioic,dicarboxylic,and 4-hydroxybenzene lactic acids.The infant was given high doses of vitamin B2,L-carnitine,and other symptomatic treatments,but the condition did not improve.He died 5 days later.The gene test showed ETFDH gene compound heterozygous mutations,one missense mutations from the father with normal phenotype c.770A ＞ G (p.Y257C),a frameshift mutation from the mother with normal phenotype c.1281-1282 deletion mutation of AA (p.I428Rfs6).The protein structures of the mutations were predicted to be deleterious.Frameshift mutation c.1281-1282 deletion mutation of AA (p.I428Rfs6) were not included in the gene bank.A total of 21 cases with MADD were found from the literature.The clinical characteristics including:male (76.2％),dyspnea (52.4％),poor response (52.4％),hypoglycemia (47.6％),hepatomegaly (47.6％),elevated muscle enzymes (42.9％),immediate onset within 24 hour of birth (42.9％),abnormal family history (38.1％),malformation (38.1％),hyperammonemia (33.3％),metabolic acidosis (28.6％).81.0％of the patients were given vitamin B2 treatment,71.4％ of carnitine,28.6％ of coenzyme Q10,28.6％ of low fat,low protein and high carbohydrate feeding.However,the prognosis of these patients was poor,76.2％ died,and 42.9％ died within 1 week after birth,and 23.8％ survived.But all showed different degrees of mental retardation during follow-up periods.Conclusion Neonatal onset MADD can be characterized by dyspnea,poor response,hypoglycemia,hepatomegaly and elevated muscle enzymes.The disease is more common in early male neonates.It can be treated with vitamin B2 and L-carnitine,but with poor prognosis and high mortality.In this case,there were 2 sites in the ETFDH gene that formed complex heterozygous mutation:c.770A ＞ G (p.Y257C) and c.1281-1282 deletion mutation of AA (p.I428Rfs6),while the latter is a new mutation.%目的 探讨新生儿多种酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症(multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenasedeficiency,MADD)患儿临床特征和基因特点,提高临床对MADD的认识.方法 对本院新生儿科2016年12月收治的1例MADD患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析.以“戊二酸血症Ⅱ型”、“多种酰基辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症”、“multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency”、“glutaricaciduriatpye 2”、“neonate”、“infant”为关键词,对万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据库及生物医学文献数据库1976年1月至2017年6月收录的文献进行检索,总结MADD患儿临床特征和基因突变特点.结果 本例患儿男,低出生体重儿,生后1d出现反应低下、呼吸困难,合并多囊肾,有异常家族史.实验室检查提示非酮症性低血糖,顽固性代谢性酸中毒,肌酶、乳酸升高,高氨血症,凝血功能异常,血多种酰基肉碱增高,尿乳酸、戊二酸、2-羟基戊二酸、双羧酸、4-羟基苯乳酸水平均明显增高,给予大剂量维生素B2、左卡尼汀及其他对症治疗后病情无改善,住院5d死亡.基因结果回报患儿ETFDH基因存在复合杂合突变,1个来自表型正常父亲的错义突变c.770A＞ G(p.Y257C),1个来自表型正常母亲的移码突变c.1281-1282缺失AA(p.I428 Rfs6),该2个位点突变的蛋白结构均预测有害,且移码突变c.1281-1282缺失AA(p.I428 Rfs6)未在基因库收录.文献检索共收集14篇文献21例MADD患儿,其中男性16例(76.2％),生后24 h内发病占42.9％.主要临床特征为呼吸困难(52.4％)、反应低下(52.4％)、低血糖(47.6％)、肝脏增大(47.6％)、肌酶升高(42.9％)、高氨血症(33.3％)、代谢性酸中毒(28.6％)、乳酸升高(28.6％),以及有异常家族史或异常孕产史(38.1％)、合并畸形或生理缺陷(38.1％).给予维生素B2(81.0％)、左卡尼汀(71.4％)、辅酶Q10 (28.6％)治疗,部分患儿给予低脂、低蛋白、高碳水化合物饮食.患儿多预后欠佳,病死率76.2％,且42.9％在生后1周内死亡.随访存活患儿,后期均出现不同程度智力运动发育落后.结论 新生儿期发病的MADD主要以呼吸困难、反应低下、低血糖、肝脏增大、肌酶增高为临床表现,多见于男性及早期新生儿,可予维生素B2及左卡尼汀治疗,但预后欠佳,病死率高.本例患儿ETFDH基因2个位点形成复合杂合突变,c.770A＞G(p.Y257C)和c.1281-1282缺失AA(p.I4228Rfs6),其中c.1281-1282缺失AA(p.I428 Rfs6)是导致MADD的新发突变.
