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草原与草坪

草原与草坪

CSCD

CSTPCD

Grassland and Turf
本刊以反映我国草原和草坪科学与生产技术的最新发展动态、科研成果、管理技术及经验为宗旨。主要刊登草原科学、草坪科学、牧草科学、草原畜牧业、园林科学、资源与环境科学、草业经济学等领域的综述、研究报告。
  • 发文量：2202
  • 被引量：873
  • H指数：2
  • 开始收录时间：1989(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：0.899
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 1.18
  • 万方期刊影响因子：0.64
  • 创刊时间：1981
  • 国内刊号/CN：62-1156/S
    国际刊号/ISSN：1009-5500
  • 发行周期：双月刊
    邮发代号：54-13
  • 主管单位：甘肃省教育厅
    主办单位：中国草学会　甘肃农业大学
草原与草坪-联系信息
  • 主编：师尚礼
  • 电话：0931-7631885
  • 邮箱：cyycp@gsau.edu.cn
  • 地址：甘肃省兰州市安宁区迎门村1号
  • 邮编：730070
草原与草坪-获奖情况
  • • 2004年获中国高校优秀科技期刊奖
  • • 2006年获首届中国高校特色科技期刊奖
  • • 2010年获第三届中国高校特色科技期刊奖
  • • 2011年获中国畜牧兽医学会优秀期刊奖
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草原与草坪 >2024年第2期
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  • 摘要：The experiment was designed to test the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Epichloe on the growth of perennial ryegrass under different salt concentrations in greenhouse.The salt treatment includes without stress (0％),mild salt stress (0.2％) and high level of salt stress (0.5％).The AM fungi was Glomus mosseae.The results showed that salinity treatment reduced the plant height,biomass,root/shoot ratio of ryegrass and mycorrhizal colonization significantly.Epichloe and AM fungus promoted the growth of perennial ryegrass under different salt treatments.Compared with un-inoculated the two fungi treatment,the value of plant height,root biomass,and root-shoot ratio were increased by 13.26 ％,15.30 ％,and 19.51 ％ respectively by Epichloe (P＜0.05).The value of plant height,N content and P content of perennial ryegrass were increased by 9.76％,32.12％ and 12.45％ under AM fungi treatment (P＜0.05).In the absence of salt stress,grass endophyte fungi can promote the infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increase its infection rate by 5.53 ％.Compared with the individual inoculation,the growth and salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass were improved by the co-exist of AM fungus and Epichloe(P＞0.05).%以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)为材料,在温室内研究了不同盐浓度处理下丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌和禾草内生真菌(grass endophyte)对黑麦草生长的影响.试验设对照,无盐胁迫(0％)、轻度盐胁迫(0.2％ NaCl)和重度盐胁迫(0.5％NaCl)处理,AM真菌为摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae),禾草内生真菌处理以含有、不合有内生真菌种子建立.结果表明:盐分处理可显著降低黑麦草的株高、生物量、根冠比,以及AM真菌的菌根侵染率,禾草内生真菌与AM真菌均在不同盐分处理下对黑麦草的生长有一定的促进作用,两菌协同作用明显,其中禾草内生真菌处理下的多年生黑麦草的株高、地下生物量和根冠比较对照分别增加13.26％,15.30％和19.51％(P＜0.05);AM真菌处理下黑麦草的株高、N、P含量分别提高9.76％,32.12％和12.45％ (P＜0.05);在无盐胁迫下,禾草内生真菌可促进丛枝菌根真菌侵染,使其侵染率提高5.53％.与两类共生微生物单独作用相比,AM真菌与禾草内生真菌互作,对多年生黑麦草生长、耐盐性有一定的提高,但差异不显著.
  • 摘要：Based on the golf ball's speed experience value of golf green tournament in the United States,the main factors affecting the speed and the mechanism of mutual connections and interactions were studied.The results showed that the number of plants and leaves,leaf area and leaf area index were decreased with the decreasing of stubble height.The smooth degree,uniformity and the density index had better linkage and obvious difference.When the leaf area index and coverage were 1 and 100 ％,the leaf number,leaf area,plant number and leaf area index could be used as a good indicator of the density.When 4 factors were in the best balance,the smoothness would reach the highest speed level.The smooth degree was the result of 4 factors in the system.%以美国高尔夫球果岭草坪锦标赛球速经验值作为基础,研究了影响球速的主要因素及相互作用的机理.结果表明:不同留茬高度的果岭草坪在株数、叶片数、叶面积和叶面积指数方面随留茬高度降低而降低.各项密度指标同光滑度、均匀度具有较好的联动关系.当叶面积指数和盖度分别为1和100％时,此时的叶片数、叶面积、植株数和叶面积指数均可作为指示密度的良好指标.当4种因子处于最佳平衡状态时,光滑度会达到最高速度水平.光滑度是系统中4种因子综合作用的结果.
  • 摘要：In order to improve the utilization of precipitation resources in rainfed farming area,and improve crop water availability in ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting production,a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different furrow mulching materials (biodegradable mulch film mulching,biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching and straw mulching) on soil water,soil temperature,production and water use efficiency of sorghum in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that the sorghum growth period,compared with traditional flat planting without mulching,average soil water storage of sorghum increase was 20.7,11.7 and 28.9 mm,soil water content increase was 5.7％,0.9％ and 8.7％ for biodegradable mulch film mulching,biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching and straw mulching respectively,while soil temperature increase was 1.3 and 0.5℃ for biodegradable mulch film mulching and biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching,and soil temperature decrease was 0.3℃ for straw mulching.Biomass yield of sorghum increased by 31％,4％ and 7％,grain yield increased by 36％,15％ and 23％,and water use efficiency increased by 36.0％,15.0％ and 24.8％ for biodegradable mulch film mulching,biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching and straw mulching,respectively.Compared to the traditional flat planting without mulching,biodegradable mulch film mulching and straw mulching has higher soil water,biomass yield,grain yield and water use efficiency of sorghum than other furrow mulching materials.Biodegradable liquid mulch film mulching effect is not obvious.%为了提高旱作雨养农业区降水资源利用率,改善作物水分有效性,在半干旱黄土高原丘陵区通过大田试验,以传统垄沟集雨种植沟无覆盖为对照,研究了不同沟覆盖材料(生物可降解地膜覆盖、生物可降解液体地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖)对土壤水分、土壤温度、高粱产量和水分利用效率等的影响.结果表明,在高粱全生育期,与无覆盖相比,生物可降解地膜覆盖、生物可降解液体地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的平均土壤贮水量分别增加20.7,11.7和28.9 mm,土壤含水量分别提高5.7％,0.9％和8.7％;生物可降解地膜覆盖和生物可降解液体地膜覆盖的沟中平均土壤温度分别增加1.3和0.5℃,秸秆覆盖的沟中平均土壤温度降低0.3℃;生物可降解地膜覆盖、生物可降解液体地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的高粱地上生物量分别提高31％,4％和7％,籽粒产量分别提高36％,15％和23％,WUE分别提高36.0％,15.0％和24.8％.与无覆盖相比,生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖具有较高土壤水分、地上生物量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率.生物可降解液体地膜覆盖效果不明显.
  • 摘要：This study was conducted by collecting soils under three grazing intensities and dominant plant seeds of Elymus nutans from Maqu alpine grassland experimental station of Lanzhou University.A pot experiment was carried out in a growth chamber to investigate the effects of soils under different grazing intensities (light grazing (LG),moderate grazing (MG) and heavy grazing (HG)) and AM fungi on growth of powdery mildew.The results showed that AM colonization in soils of MG and HG were significant higher than that of plants grew in LG soil (P＜0.05).Natural soil (NS) and AM treatments under HG were 32.48％、2.39％ and 69.2％ 、21.17％ higher than LG and MG,respectively.Disease incidence in AM treatment was 22.1％ 、57.26％ and 20.46％ lower than plants grew in sterilized soil under light、moderate and heavy grazing intensity.AM fungi effectively inhibited the occurrence of powdery mildew,reducing disease incidences and significantly affected defensive enzymatic activities.AMF treatments had higher SOD and PPO activities with the increasing of grazing intensity,while POD activities reached the highest under MG.Plants in moderate grazing soils had the highest contents of total phosphorus.AM fungi increased root total phosphorus content,total biomass,root/ shoot ratio,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate across the treatments.Therefore,in Maqu alpine steppe,proper increasing of grazing intensity could improve AM fungi colonization.AM fungi effectively reduced the occurrence of Elymus nutans powdery mildew by promoting plant growth and regulating the related defensive enzyme activities.%于兰州大学玛曲高山草原站设3个不同放牧强度样地,采集样地的土壤和优势植物垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)种子,在温室建立盆栽试验,研究轻度、中度和重度放牧条件下,AM真菌对垂穗披碱草生长和白粉病(Blumeria graminis)发生的影响.结果表明:中度和重度放牧处理下接种AM真菌土(AM)侵染率显著高于轻度放牧土壤(P＜0.05),重度放牧条件下自然土(NS)和AM处理的侵染率比轻度和中度放牧分别高32.48％、2.39％和69.2％、21.17％;轻度、中度和重度放牧条件下AM处理的发病率比SS处理分别低22.1％,57.26％和20.46％,AM真菌有效抑制垂穗披碱草白粉病的发生,降低发病率,且对抗病相关酶活性产生显著影响,随放牧强度的增强AM真菌处理的SOD酶和PPO酶活性增高,POD酶活性在中度放牧强度下最高;中度放牧土壤的植物根系全磷含量最高;AM真菌不同程度提高植物根系全磷含量、总生物量、根冠比、叶绿素含量及光合速率.因此,在玛曲高山草原,适当增加放牧强度可提高AM真菌侵染率.AM真菌通过促进植物生长,调节抗病相关酶活性,有效降低了垂穗披碱草白粉病的发生.
  • 摘要：跨种扩增是微卫星DNA标记获取的快捷有效途径之一.为了筛选出高原鼢鼠微卫星多态性位点,从已开发微卫星信息的鼹形鼠科和甘肃鼢鼠物种中进行了高原鼢鼠微卫星多态性位点及其通用性研究,结果表明:在87对微卫星位点中,只有54对进行了成功扩增,多态位点仅有9个,27个鼹形鼠科物种的微卫星在高原鼢鼠中并没有多态性,9个多态位点全来自于同属的甘肃鼢鼠.基于获得的9个多态位点,检测到高原鼢鼠的等位基因数在4～12,其平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.544,期望杂合度(He)为0.671,多态信息含量为0.551,研究为高原鼢鼠的微卫星标记应用奠定了基础.%Cross-amplification is one of the quickest and effective methods of obtaining microsatellite markers.In this study,we amplified microsatellite loci of Eospalax baileyi using published microsatellite DNA primers from related species,and tested both transferability and polymorphism.The results showed that 54 out of 87 loci were successfully amplified,meanwhile only nine polymorphic loci were obtained.27 loci from Spalax species showed only two alleles and nine polymorphic loci were all obtained from Gansu zokor.Genetic diversity of plateau zokor populations was relatively medium.The number of alleles (NA) ranged from 4 to 12 (average 5.5),PIC value was 0.551,and the ranges of observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.544 and 0.671,respectively.The results will facilitate the further studies in microsatellite markers of E.bailyei.
  • 摘要：为明确燕麦干草与青贮玉米不同组合对绵羊生产性能和消化代谢的影响,选用9只体重和体况相似并已安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂种(美利奴♂×蒙古羊♀)公羊为试验动物,按燕麦干草占粗饲料百分比配制3组饲粮,A1组(100％青贮玉米),A2组(50％青贮玉米+50％燕麦干草)和A3组(100％燕麦干草).试验采用3×3拉丁方设计,饲粮精粗比为35:65,研究不同燕麦干草和青贮玉米组合对饲料转化率、消化代谢、表观消化率及氮存留率的影响.结果表明:(1)饲粮中添加燕麦干草对绵羊干物质采食量无显著影响(P＞0.05),但添加燕麦干草后绵羊日增重显著提高(P＜0.05),绵羊采食添加50％燕麦干草的饲粮其饲料转化率得到显著提高(P＜0.05);(2)饲粮中添加燕麦干草对绵羊消化代谢影响显著,添加50％燕麦干草后绵羊的DM、OM、NDF、ADF和N的表观消化率以及N存留率均显著提高(P＜0.05),添加100％燕麦干草组与100％青贮玉米组各指标之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).3个处理组中,以A2组效果最佳,显著提高了绵羊的生产性能,改善了其消化代谢.%This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different combinations of oat hay and corn silage on growth performance and metabolism of sheep.Nine cross breed sheep (Merino × Mongolian) with similar body conditions and body weight were selected,their diets were designed as three groups according to the ratio of oat hay and corn silage in the roughage (dry matter basis),i.e.,A1 (100％ whole corn silage),A2 (50％ oat hay+50％ whole corn silage) and A3 (100％ oat hay).A 3×3 Latin square design was used;the ratio of the concentrate to roughage was 35:65.The effects of different oat hay and corn silage combinations on feed conversion rate,metabolism,apparent digestibility and N retention rate were investigated.The results indicated that:1) Adding oat hay in diet had no remarkable influence on dry matter intake (P＞0.05),but significantly increased daily body weight gain(P＜0.05),adding 50％ oat hay in diet significantly increased feed conversion rate (P＜0.05),2) Adding oat hay in diet significant influenced the metabolism of sheep,adding 50％ oat hay in diet significantly increased the apparent digestibility of DM,OM,NDF,ADF and N,ad the retention rate of N markedly was improved (P＜0.05) as well,but adding 100％ oat hay in diet had no remarkable influence on these targets (P＞0.05).Among the 3 treatment groups,A2 (50％ oat hay+50％ whole corn silage) achieved the best results.
  • 摘要：‘Beautiful China’,a newly-stated decree in the constitution of the People's republic of China,stresses on the importance of ecological values,the system of ecological construction and the laws of environmental protection.Grassland ecosystem is one of the strategic areas under the umbrella of the concept of ‘Beautiful China’.The former concept is vital for instructing our country to protect grassland ecosystem legally,and according to its requirements,the legal system and its implementation on grassland environment should be fully upgraded,and the main steps should be regarded as follows:improving the strategic positioning of grassland environment in the law;finalizing the required schemes of grassland property,grassland industry,grassland public facilities and product investment,grassland environmental protection,grassland economic development and social security,grassland environmental legal liability for illegal crimes enhancing the administrative empowerment of law in grassland environmental protection;and finally strengthening the judicial protection for grassland ecosystems.%“美丽中国”作为在宪法中崭新宣示和确立的法理念,凸显生态环境价值的高度性、生态环境建设的系统性、生态环境保护的法治性.草原生态环境是承载“美丽中国”法理念的战略领域和空间.“美丽中国”法理念是指导我国草原生态环境法治保护的重大法理念,要按照“美丽中国”法理念的要求全面提升草原生态环境法治体系及其实施,主要是进一步提高草原生态环境法治的战略定位;完善草原产权制度、草原产业制度、草原公共设施和产品投入建设制度、草原生态环境保护制度、草原经济社会发展和社会保障制度、草原生态环境违法犯罪法律责任制度等;提高草原生态环境行政执法的到位性和执法力度;加强和完善草原生态环境司法保护.
  • 摘要：采用正交设计和单因素试验相结合的方法,以红三叶(Tri olium pratense)高感白粉病品种岷山红三叶与抗白粉病新品系(甘农PR1)杂交产生F1代作为试验材料,对红三叶AFLP反应中7个因素(DNA浓度,酶切时间,两酶(EcoRI,MseI)浓度,预扩增产物稀释倍数,2×PCR Master Mix用量,引物组合)进行优化试验.建立了适合红三叶稳定且多态性高的最佳AFLP反应体系:90 ng/μL DNA模板、5h酶切、8 UEcoRI、6 UMseI、30倍稀释预扩增产物、10 μL 2×PCR Master Mix.优化的AFLP反应体系在红三叶的验证中表现出良好的稳定性和重复性,为进一步进行红三叶种质鉴定、遗传图谱构建、基因定位和遗传多样性的分析奠定了技术基础.%Orthogonal and single factor experiment designs were applied for optimizing seven factors (DNA template,cutting time,concentration for EcoRI and MseI,dilution multiple of pre-amplification product,amount of 2 × PCR Master Mix and primer combination) in the AFLP system on Trifolium pratense.The results showed that a reliable AFLP reaction system for T.pratense with desirable repeatability and polymorphic bands was established.In a total volume of 20μL AFLP system,it contained 90 ng/μL DNA template,5 h enzyme digestion,8 U EcoRI,6 U MseI,30 times diluted pre-amplification products and 10 μ L2 × PCR Master Mix.The optimal reaction system was furtherly verified in T.pratense varieties with good stability and repeatability.This optimized AFLP reaction system would provide the basis for germplasm evaluation of T.pratense,the establishment of genetic maps,gene localization and analysis of genetic diversity.
  • 摘要：通过分析国外草类种子生产概况、甘肃省草类种子的生产条件、生产现状、生产技术以及与国外的差距及发展前景,提出将甘肃建成美国俄勒岗州式的中国草类种子生产基地的建议,以及今后的工作重点和应用的技术措施,对指导甘肃牧草种子产业化升级具有重要的参考价值.%By multivariate analysis of different grass seed production systems including both overseas and domestic (Gansu) grass seed production systems,national production status and the differences in production technologies,gaps and developmental prospects between China and foreign countries we assume that Gansu province can be regarded as a grass seed production headquarter similar to the United States Oregon-located base.By implementing of this idea for future work priorities and applied technical measures,it may provide a potential reference value for guiding the seed production strategy in Gansu grassland pasturing system.
  • 摘要：In order to evaluate the ecological degradation and restoration of grassland in the Three-River Source Region,China;a comprehensive evaluation index system was established based on rainfall use efficiency (RUE) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).The RUENDVI for each pixel and its changing trend was calculated with the maximum NDVI data for growing season (NDVImax) and the annual precipitation data of 65 meteorological stations in research area for the past 15 years (2001～2015),and then the ecological degradation,improvement trend and spatial distribution of grassland were comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that:1) In the past 15 years,the grassland vegetation has been obviously improved,and the degraded area of grassland accounts for only 5.85％ of the total area;2) The degraded grassland is mainly distributed in the middle and eastern part from the spatial distribution,showing a distinct northwest-southeast striped area.In the eastern part,grassland degradation shown a dotted pattern;and 3) RUENDVI shown significant negative correlation with annual precipitation (P＜0.05) and a significant positive correlation with NDVImax (P＜0.01).It could be concluded that the comprehensive evaluation index system based on RUE and NDVI is simple and easy to be obtained,has strong feasibility and reliability,and also could avoid the misjudgment caused by the misuse of RUE trend index alone.%为评价三江源区草地生态退化和恢复状况,基于降水利用效率(RUE)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)的综合评价指标体系,利用三江源区15年(2001～2015)的生长季最大NDVI数据(NDVImax)及同期65个气象站的年降水量数据为基础数据,计算每个像元的RUENDVI及其变化趋势,综合评价三江源区草地生态退化、改善趋势和空间分布.结果表明:(1)近15年三江源区草地生态呈明显好转态势,草地退化面积仅占三江源区总面积的5.85％;(2)从空间分布上地退化主要分布在三江源区中东部,呈明显的西北 东南条带状分布.在三江源区东部,草地退化呈点状分布格局;(3)三江源区RUENDVI与年降水量呈显著负相关关系,与NDVImax呈极显著正相关关系.研究基于RUE和NDVI的综合评价指标体系简单易获取,具有较强的可行性和可靠性,避免了仅利用RUE变化趋势指标引起的误判,研究结果为三江源区草地生态管理和进一步的生态建设提供了科学依据.
  • 摘要：为获得黑果枸杞根际促生菌(PGPR)菌株并明确其促生特性,以黑果枸杞根系及根际土壤为材料,利用选择性培养基分离筛选固氮菌与溶磷菌,测定其固氮酶活性和溶磷能力,并对性能优良的菌株利用生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法鉴定.结果表明:根际促生菌数量的分布具有根系表面(RP)＞根表土壤(RS)＞根内(HP)的规律,有明显的根际效应;经分离纯化获得71株PGPR菌,其中,固氮菌21株,且7株菌株的固氮酶活性大于200 nmol C2 H4/(h·mL);溶解无机磷菌株30株和溶解有机磷菌株20株,13株溶磷量高于300 μg/mL的溶磷菌株;综合分析,有6株具有进一步开发应用潜力,且均为Bacillus.研究结果为研制生物菌肥提供了优良菌种,也丰富了优良根际促生菌资源库.%In order to obtain plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and clarify their growth-enhancing efficiency to Lycium ruthenicum,the root morphology and rhizosphere soil in L.ruthenicum Murr were collected.The strains of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were separated with selective medium and the potential PGPR strains species were identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence analysis.Result showed that the quantities of bacteria and PGPR represented a distribution trend of ‘rhizosplan or surface of roots (RP) ＞ soil adhering to roots (RS) ＞ histoplan or interior of roots (HP)’,that denoted a strong rhizosphere effect.We isolated 71 PGPR bacteria strains,which contained 21 nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains,30 inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains and 20 organic phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains.There were 7 strains of nitrogenase activity higher than 200 nmol C2H4/(h · mL),and 13 strains of phosphate solubilizing activity reached 300 μg/mL.A further 6 potential PGPR strains had been identified as Bacillus sp.This study offered potential PGPR for the development of microbial fertilizers and enriched the PGPR resources.
  • 摘要：The purpose of this study was to select drought-resistant alfalfa varieties suitable for planting in the south-central arid areas of Ningxia.The drought resistance of 12 alfalfa varieties at germination and seedling stages was studied and compared under PEG-6000 simulated-drought method at different water potentials (0,-0.3,-0.6,-0.9,-1.2 mPa).The results showed that the relative germination rate,relative germination energy and germination index of 12 alfalfa cultivars were significantly and positively correlated with the water potential of PEG stress solution.The proline (pro) concentration in alfalfa leaves increased and malondialdehyde (MDA),chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity firstly increased and then decreased as drought stress increased at the seedling stage.Cluster analysis showed that 12 alfalfa varieties can be divided into three group:drought-tolerant cultivars:Siriver and West blend;moderate drought-tolerant cultivars:Powerplant and lower drought tolerant cultivars:WL324,Millionaire,Algonquin,Empress 2000,Ningxia 1 #,Emperor 1 #,XinJiang Bigleaf,Affinity and German Derby.The subordination function analysis showed that the drought tolerance of 12 alfalfa varieties was:Siriver＞ NingXia1 # ＞ WL324 ＞ Powerplant＞ Emperor1 # ＞ Millionaire＞Westblend＞Algonquin＞GermanDerby＞Empress 2000＞XinJiang Bigleaf＞Affinity.After a comprehensive analysis,the drought-resistant alfalfa varieties like Siriver,Powerplant can be filtered.%为了筛选适合宁夏中南部干旱区种植的抗旱苜蓿品种,试验采用PEG-6000模拟干旱法,在0、-0.3、-0.6、-0.9、-1.2 MPa条件下对12个苜蓿品种萌发期及苗期进行抗旱性比较.结果表明:12个苜蓿品种的相对发芽率、相对发芽势、萌发指数与PEG胁迫溶液的水势之间呈极显著正相关关系;叶片中脯氨酸含量随干旱胁迫的加强整体呈现上升趋势,丙二醛、叶绿素含量及超氧化物歧化酶活性随胁迫程度的加深呈先升高后下降趋势.聚类分析显示12个苜蓿品种可分为3类,抗旱性较强品种四季旺、West blend;抗旱性适中品种丰宝;抗旱性较低品种WL324、大富豪、阿尔冈金、皇后2000、宁苜一号、苜蓿王1号、新疆大叶苜蓿、爱菲尼特、德国德贝.隶属函数综合评价,12个品种的抗旱性强弱顺序为:四季旺＞宁苜一号＞WL324＞丰宝＞苜蓿王1号＞大富豪＞West blend＞阿尔冈金＞德国德贝＞皇后2000＞新疆大叶苜蓿＞爱菲尼特.因此,经综合分析,可筛选出四季旺、丰宝等抗旱性较强的苜蓿品种.
  • 摘要：Root infection in Hippophae rhamnoidoes subsp.sinensis by Frankia is the main reason for root nodulation.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Frankia on root nodules of Hippophae rhamnoidoes subsp.sinensis.The diversity of root nodules endophytic and rhizosphere soil bacteria of Hippophae rhamnoidoes subsp.sinensis were studied using high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that there were 10 phyla,23 classes,45 orders,76 families and 93 genera endophytic bacteria were detected in root nodules.The dominant phyla were Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes and the prevalent genus was Frankia.While 39 phyla,84 classes,156 orders,280 families and 409 genera bacteria were detected in rhizosphere soil but the prevalent phyla were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria.The dominant genera were Gaiella,Bacillus,Solirubrobacter,Arthrobacter and Stenotrophomonas.The results indicated that the diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria was much higher than root nodules endophytic bacteria of Hippophae rhamnoidoes subsp.sinensis.The composition of root nodules endophytic and rhizosphere soil bacteria displayed both similarities and differences.The relative abundant of Frankia in root nodules was obviously higher than that in rhizosphere soil.%以中国沙棘根瘤和其根际土壤为材料,采用高通量测序技术,分析沙棘根瘤内生细菌与根际土壤细菌的多样性差异,探究沙棘根瘤中引起根部瘤状突起的以弗兰克氏菌(Frankia)为主的沙棘根瘤内生细菌的来源.结果表明:沙棘根瘤中检测到的内生细菌归属于10门23纲45目76科和93属,其中,优势菌门为Actinobacteria和Proteobacteria,优势菌属为Frankia.在沙棘根际土壤中检测到的细菌归属于39门84纲156目280科和409属,其中,优势菌门为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria和Acidobacteria,优势菌属为Gaiella、Bacillus、Solirubrobacter、Arthrobacter和Stenotrophomonas.可见,中国沙棘根际土壤细菌多样性要高于根瘤内生细菌多样性,沙棘根瘤内生细菌与根际土壤细菌的群落结构既有相似性又存在差异,其中,在根瘤中占优势的Frankia在根际土壤中虽也存在但相对丰度较小,仅为0.02％.
  • 摘要：Terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) that links the water cycle,energy budget and carbon cycle has crucial impacts on vegetation growth and local climate feedback.However,the possible divergent roles of climate and vegetation growth variations in controlling seasonal ET patterns remain poorly understood in the Loess Plateau (LP).Therefore,this study quantifies the attribution of ET to climate and vegetation growth variations in different seasons and different biomes in the LP in China between 1982 and 2011,using the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),FLUXNET-based upscaled ET,and concurrent climate data.The results showed that (1) Inter-annual precipitation and NDVI variations play a dominant role in controlling seasonal ET variations in the LP,with temperature having a marginal effect,(2) The contribution of precipitation to ET weakens with an increasing mean annual precipitation gradient in almost all seasons,especially in summer and autumn,and (3) Higher contribution of NDVI to ET was found in LP.%基于全球涡度相关站点观测的蒸散发数据(FLUXNET ET),第三代GIMMS NDVI以及相应的气候数据,运用广义线性模型量化了1982～2011年气候和植被生长对黄土高原蒸散发的贡献程度,并探究贡献程度的季节性差异以及在植被类型之间的差异.结果表明:(1)降水和NDVI是影响黄土高原蒸散发季节性差异的重要因素,而温度对蒸散发的影响较小;(2)随着降水量的增多,降水对蒸散发的贡献程度逐渐减小,夏季和秋季表现得更为明显;(3)秋季林地、灌木、草地NDVI对整个黄土高原蒸散发的贡献普遍较高.
  • 摘要：以细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata),脆无梗囊霉(Acaulospora delicata)和副冠球囊霉(Glomus coronatum)为材料,在温室条件下设立3种AM真菌单独或混合接种处理,评价不同接种处理下紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)生长状况,明确AM真菌不同组合对紫花苜蓿的促生效果.结果表明:3种供试菌种都可与紫花苜蓿建立良好的共生关系,不同菌种及其组合间的菌根侵染率存在差异,单接种副冠球囊霉和混合接种细凹无梗囊霉和脆无梗囊霉侵染率最高,分别为61.67％、58.33％;3种AM真菌均促进紫花苜蓿生长和生物量提高,紫花苜蓿株高提高252％～368％,总生物量提高545％～941％;单接种和混合接种3种AM真菌都提高紫花苜蓿的氮磷含量,植株氮磷含量较对照组分别提高434％～1156％,1167％～2292％.3种AM真菌单独接种时,副冠球囊霉效果最好,脆无梗囊霉次之,细凹无梗囊霉最差;混合接种以副冠球囊霉和脆无梗囊霉组合对紫花苜蓿促生效果最为显著.%Three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata,Acaulospora delicate and Glomus coronatum) were inoculated separately and co-inoculated to alfalfa in a pot experiment in order to evaluate the growth status of alfalfa under different inoculation treatments.The results showed that the symbiosis was well established between AM fungi and alfalfa.Mycorrhizal colonization percentages were different between AMF and their combinations.The colonization percentages of G.coronatum and the mixed inoculation of A.scrobiculata and A.delicata were 61.67％ and 58.33％,respectively.The inoculation of three AM fungi all promoted both growth and biomass of alfalfa.Compared with un-inoculated treatment,the inoculation of AMF increased plant height from 430％ to 628％,and the total biomass increased from 545％ to 941％.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of alfalfa were increased by the inoculation of AM fungi as well,plant nitrogen content increased from 434％ to 1156％ than the control,plant phosphorus content increased from 1167％ to 2292％.G.coronatum has the best growth enhancement effect,followed by A.delicate and A.scrobiculata.Mixed inoculation of G.coronatum and A.delicate has the highest growth promotion effect to alfalfa among the treatments.
  • 摘要：为探索贮藏方法对紫花苜蓿种子内生根瘤菌定殖的影响,将甘农5号紫花苜蓿在结荚期用3种根部接种方法(主根微破损浇灌、根部浇灌、添加苦参碱浇灌)接种两种荧光标记根瘤菌Ensier meliloti LZgn5f (gn5f)和Ensifermeliloti 12531f (12531f),同时根部浇灌无菌蒸馏水获得的种子,采用信封、信封+布袋、铝箔3种包装材料,分别在25℃、25℃硅胶干燥、-4℃和4℃条件下贮藏6个月后,检测种子内根瘤菌的定殖数量.结果表明:主根微破损接种gn5f获得的种子在-4℃以信封包装贮藏时内生根瘤菌的定殖数量(25.54 cfu/粒)显著高于信封+布袋和铝箔的两种包装材料(P＜0.05),主根微破损接种12531f获得的种子在-4℃以铝箔包装贮藏时内生根瘤菌的定殖数量最高(14.98 cfu/粒),但与另外两种包装材料无显著差异(P＞0.05).根部浇灌接种gn5f和12531f获得的种子,在25℃干燥贮藏,分别以信封(22.08 cfu/粒)和信封+布袋(40.84 cfu/粒)包装时内生根瘤菌的定殖数量显著高于其贮藏条件(P＜0.05),添加苦参碱根部浇灌接种gn5f和12531f获得的种子以铝箔为包装材料,分别在-4℃(25.00 cfu/粒)和25℃硅胶干燥(18.08 cfu/粒)温度下贮藏种子内生根瘤菌的定殖数量最多,显著高于其他贮藏条件(P＜0.05).接种相同目标根瘤菌获得的种子以25℃硅胶干燥和-4℃贮藏时内根瘤菌数量高于25℃和4℃.%This study was conducted to explore the effect of storage methods on the colonization of endogenous rhizobia in alfalfa seeds,Medicago sativa cv.Gannnong No.5 seeds were used as the materials which were obtained with three inoculation methods (taproot slightly damaging and drench,root drench and root drench with matrine to inoculate pod stage alfalfa with two rhizobia,Ensifer meliloti LZgn5f (gn5f) and Ensifer meliloti 12531f (12531f) and root drench with sterile water).Envelope,envelope+cloth bag and aluminum foil storage packing materials were used under 25 ℃,25 ℃ dried,-4℃ and 4℃,respectively,to store the seeds for six months.Then the colonization quantity of endogenous rhizobia in seeds were detected.The results showed the endogenous rhizobia in seeds obtained by taproot slightly damaging and drench gn5f inoculation method was significantly higher (P＜0.05) than envelop+cloth bag and aluminum foil packing materials when stored under -4℃ and packed with envelop (25.54 cfu/grain).The endogenous rhizobia in seeds obtained by taproot slightly damaging and drench 12531f inoculation method reached the highest (14.98 cfu/grain) concentration when stored under-4℃ and packed with aluminum foil,but was not significantly different (P＞0.05) from the other two packing materials.The endogenous rhizobia in seeds obtained by root drench gn5f and 12531f inoculation methods were significantly higher than other storage treatments (P＜0.05) when stored under 25℃ dried and packed with envelop (22.08 cfu/grain) and envelop+cloth bag (40.84 cfu/grain).The endogenous rhizobia in seeds obtained by root drench gn5f and 12531f with matrine inoculation methods were significantly higher (P＜ 0.05) than other storage treatments when stored under-4℃ and 25℃dried and packed with aluminum foil (25.00 cfu/grain and 18.08 cfu/grain,respectively).The endogenous rhizobia colonization number of 25℃ dried and-4℃ were higher than 25 ℃ and 4℃ when seeds were obtained from inoculating the same rhizobia.
  • 摘要：为了探究污泥对干旱胁迫下多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)的生长及生理影响,采用裂区试验设计,主处理包括正常浇水和干旱处理2个水平;副处理为不同的氮源即全污泥处理(利用污泥提供黑麦草所需75 mg/kg的氮量)、半污泥处理(利用污泥提供黑麦草所需37.5 mg/kg的氮量,剩余37.5mg/kg氮量由硝酸铵提供)和对照(利用硝酸铵提供黑麦草所需75 mg/kg的氮量).结果表明:正常浇水和灌溉下,全污泥和半污泥处理能够显著提高黑麦草的坪观质量、叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率(P＜0.05);在干旱处理后期,全污泥和半污泥处理可以显著提高黑麦草叶片细胞膜稳定性(P＜0.05),全污泥处理可显著提高黑麦草SOD、CAT、APX、POD活性(P＜0.05).表明施用污泥可以提高黑麦草抗氧化酶活性,促进黑麦草在干旱条件下的生长.%In order to investigate the physiological effects of biosolid on Lolium perenne under drought stress,a split-plot design was used with the main plots of solid moisture and the subplots of biosolids.Main plot treatments were conducted included two levels of normal watering and deficit irrigation.Subplot treatments were different nitrogen source:biosolid 1 × rate (75 mg/kg of nitrogen required for the use of biosolid),biosolid 0.5×rate (37.5 mg/kg of nitrogen required for the biosolid,and the remaining 37.5 mg/kg of NH4NO3 solution) and control (75 mg/kg of nitrogen required for the use of NH4 NO3 solution).The results showed that under both normal watering and deficit irrigation,turf quality,leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate were significantly improved by biosolid 1 × rate and biosolid 0.5× rate (P＜0.05).The activity of SOD,CAT,APX and POD in ryegrass significantly increased by biosolid 1 × rate (P＜0.05),and the effect of biosolid 1 × rate and biosolid 0.5 × rate could significantly improve the cell membrane stability of Lolium perenne (P＜ 0.05).These results indicated that the application of biosolid can improve the growth of ryegrass in drought conditions by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity.
  • 摘要：采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,测定除草剂二甲戊灵在燕麦田 0~10 cm 土壤中60 d的自然降解特性及残留量.试样经乙腈提取,高效液相色谱定量分析.二甲戊灵土壤添加水平分别为0.05,0.50 和 1.00 mg/kg 时,其平均回收率为90.72%~96.59%,相对标准偏差为 3.21%~5.46%.残留分析结果表明:二甲戊灵以 900 g/hm2(推荐剂量)、135 0 g/hm2(1.5 倍推荐剂量)施用于燕麦田后,其原始沉积量分别为 0.580 mg/kg、0.868 mg/kg,60 d 时降解率分别为 77.57%、75.07%.二甲戊灵在土壤中的消解符合一级动力学模型,反应方程可分别拟合为Ct=0.437 6e-0.0187t(R2=0.807 9)、Ct=0.667 0e-0.0179t(R2=0.8222),半衰期分别为37.1、38.7 d.%In order to study the residual digestion of herbicide pendimethalin in oat field,the natural degrada-tion characteristics and residual level of pendimethalin were studied in 0 to 60 days by applying field experiment and laboratory analysis.The samples were extracted by acetonitrile and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.The average recoveries in soil fortified with pendimethalin at 0.05,0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg were 90.72% to 96.59% and the relative standard deviation ranged from 3.21%to 5.46%.The results showed that the initial deposition amounts of pendimethalin were 0.580 mg/kg and 0.868 mg/kg,respectively,under applica-tion of 900 g/ha (recommended dose)and 1 350 g/ha (1.5 times of recommended dose)and the degradation rates were 77.57% and 75.07% after 60 days.The digestion of pendimethalin in soil was in accordance with the first order kinetic model,the reaction equation could be fitted as Ct=0.4376e-0.0187t(R2=0.807 9 ),Ct=0.6670e-0.017 9t(R2=0.822 2),and the half-life values were 37.1,38.7 days respectively.
  • 摘要：为探明深圳市不同类型绿地土壤渗透性特征,依据 CJJ/T85-2017《城市绿地分类标准》,选择G1 公园绿地、G2 生产绿地、G3 防护绿地、G4 附属绿地和 G5 其他绿地进行土壤渗透性测定和定量分析.结果表明:①各绿地土壤水分渗透率依次为:生产绿地>防护绿地>其他绿地>公园绿地>附属绿地,3 项渗透特征值为:初渗率>平均渗透率>稳渗率,入渗率随着土壤深度增加呈减小趋势;②经考氏经验公式对水分入渗模型拟合,各拟合模型的相关系数R2≥0.748 8;③对土壤渗透性与主要土壤因子进行相关性分析,发现初渗率、平均渗透率和稳渗率与土壤容重呈极显著负相关,与土壤总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度呈极显著正相关,平均渗透率与毛管孔隙度呈显著负相关,其余比对虽有相关关系,但均未达到显著水平.%The soil permeability of 5 types of greenland in Shenzhen was studied according to CJJ/T85-2017 Classification Criterion for urban greenlands.5 different locations were selected as follows:G1 park greenland, G2 production greenland,G3 protective greenland,G4 suburban greenland,and G5 other greenland.The results showed that the order of soil moisture permeability was G2>G3>G5>G1>G4.And the order of 3 penetration eigen values were infiltration rate> average permeability> stable infiltration rate and the infiltration rate de-creases with the increase of soil depth.Moreover,the water infiltration model was fitted to Kostiakov's model and the correlation coefficient R2of each model was ≥0.748 8 in general.Correlation analysis of soil permeabili-ty showed that the main different soil factors such as the initial infiltration rate,average permeability,and stable infiltration rate were significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density while the fore-mentioned factors were significantly positively correlated to the total soil and non-capillary porosity and the average permeability was significantly negatively correlated with capillary porosity.The rest parameters showed correlation at certain degree,but not significant.
  • 摘要：为研究酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发的化感效应,采用培养皿滤纸培养法,测定 5 种不同浓度的酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子发芽率、发芽势、简易活力指数、胚根和胚轴长度及根毛发育的影响.结果表明:香豆素处理对苜蓿种子萌发的影响最为明显,当其浓度增大至 500 mg/L,种子基本不萌发、表面发黑、腐烂严重.咖啡酸对苜蓿种子活力的影响与香豆素相似,表现出显著抑制效应,但抑制幅度较为平缓,高于0.5 mg/L的香豆素处理和高于500 mg/L的咖啡酸显著抑制苜蓿胚根生长.高于50 mg/L的香豆素和咖啡酸处理对苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽势、种子简易活力、根毛和胚轴生长均表现出抑制作用,与对照相比差异显著(P<0 .0 5 ).对羟基苯甲酸对苜蓿种子萌发的化感抑制作用最弱,化感效应综合指数为-0.026,50 mg/L的对羟基苯甲酸处理明显促进苜蓿胚根生长.各酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发的化感抑制效应强弱顺序为:香豆素>咖啡酸>阿魏酸>绿原酸>对羟基苯甲酸.%The allelopathy of phenolic compounds on seed germination of alfalfa was studied by measuring the germination rate,germination potential,simple vigor index,radicle and hypocotyl length with filter paper culture method.The effects of phenolics on the root hair were observed by stereomicroscopy as well.The results showed that coumarin and caffeic acid treatments had inhibitory effects on germination rate,germination poten-tial,simple vigor index,root hair and hypocotyl growth when the concentration was over 50 mg/L,which was significantly different from control (P<0.01).The effect of coumarin on the seed germination of alfalfa was the strongest,especially when the concentration reached 500 mg/L,and the seeds did not germinate and were seri-ously rotten,and the surface of seeds was black.The treatment of hydroxybenzoic acid with concentration of 0 to 500 mg/L was the weakest for seed germination.The order of allelopathic inhibition was:coumarin>caffeic acid>ferulic acid>chlorogenic acid> p-Hydroxybenzoic acid.
  • 摘要：以前期研究中分离的 5 株植物根际促生菌(PGPR)为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方式,将植物根际促生菌制剂接种到紫花苜蓿幼苗的土壤中,测定不同处理下苜蓿株高、茎粗等生长指标以及粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维等品质指标的变化,研究其对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)生长和品质的影响.结果表明:选用的 5 株植物根际促生菌均能够有效促进紫花苜蓿生长,改善品质,但不同菌株的促生效果不同.促生菌株处理后,紫花苜蓿的株高、茎粗分别增加了 11.2%~75.2%和4.1%~22.2%;粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别增加了 6.0%~20.1%、3.8%~12.7%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量分别降低了 1.8%~3.8%、1.4%~4.4%.以菌株 Gnyt1 促生效果最佳,具有进一步开发利用的潜力.%Five plant rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria (PGPR)isolated from previous research were used as materials to study their effects on alfalfa growth and quality by pot experiment,and the plant height,stem diameter,and contents of crude protein,ether extract and crude fiber were determined under different treatments,in order to provide a basis for utilizing PGPR bacterial fertilizer to obtain high quality and high yield alfalfa in arid and semiarid areas.The re-sults showed that these 5 PGPR strains could promote alfalfa growth and improve quality effectively.However,the effect of different strains varied.The plant height and stem diameter of alfalfa were increased by 11.2% to 75.2% and 4.1% to 22.2% respectively,and the contents of crude protein and ether extract were increased by 6.0% to 20.1% and 3.8% to 1 2.7% respectively.The contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF)and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)were decreased by 1.8% to 3.8%,1.4% to 4.4% respectively.The strain Gnyt1 performed the best effect and shown the potential for fur-ther development and utilization.
  • 摘要：为了筛选安全高效的燕麦田除草剂,选用 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂和 40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油两种除草剂,以不同浓度混配后施于燕麦田,研究其对燕麦田杂草的防除效果以及对燕麦安全性和产量的影响.结果表明:不同处理对杂草的防效差异显著(P<0.05),混配处理的防效平均在 75%,高于各单剂处理.药后 15 d 40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400 mL/hm2+225 g/hm2)的株防效最高,为86.23%.药后30 d的防效同样以 40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400 mL/hm2+225 g/hm2)的最高,其鲜重防效可达到 98.81% .40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400 mL/hm2+225 g/hm2)还能显著提高燕麦干草产量,与对照相比可增产16.4%,达到10 404 kg/hm2.籽粒产量以40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂(700 mL/hm2+225 g/hm2)处理最高,为2 564.27 kg/hm2,相比对照增产37.4%.%In order to screen out high efficient and safety herbicide for controlling the weeds in oat field,the weed control effect of different concentrations of 50% quinclorac and 40% bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-so- dium was studied.The results showed that there were significant differences among treatment groups (P<0.05).The average control effect of mixed herbicides was about 75% higher than single agent.40% bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodium 1 400 mL/ha+50% quinclorac 225 g/ha had the highest weed control rate (86. 53%)after treatment for 15 days,and increased oat hay yield (10 404 kg/ha)by 16.4% compared with the con-trol.Under same treatment,the best control rate was obtained as 98.81% after treatment for 30 days.The high-est grain yield (2 564.27 kg/ha)was obtained under treatment of 40% bromoxynil octanoate plus MCPA-sodi-um 700 mL/ha+50% quinclorac 225 g/ha,and it increased the grain yield by 37.4% compared with the control.
  • 摘要：试验以摩天岭北坡中段寨科桥和邱家坝林下草本群落为研究对象,探讨了其群落特征及其与土壤养分含量的关系,结果表明:(1)样地共出现 34 科 53 属 57 种草本植物,其中,菊科、唇形科和毛茛科的草本植物较多;(2 )草本层地上、地下生物量随海拔的升高逐渐降低,与海拔梯度相关性均不显著(P>0 .0 5 );(3 )草本层盖度、物种丰富度、土壤有机碳含量、土壤全氮含量与海拔相关性均不显著(P>0 .0 5 ),土壤磷含量与海拔存在极显著正相关(P<0 .0 1 ),且盖度、物种丰富度与土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量的相关性均不显著(P>0 .0 5 );(4)草本层地上、地下生物量均与盖度显著正相关(P<0 .0 5 ),与物种丰富度不存在显著相关性(P>0 .0 5 ),地上生物量与土壤全氮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0 .0 1 ),地下生物量与土壤有机碳含量呈极显著正相关(P<0 .0 1 ).相比之下,土壤有机碳和全氮含量对草本群落地上、地下生物量的影响更显著,且盖度和全氮对地上生物量的影响存在微弱的相互抑制作用,盖度和有机碳对地下生物量的影响存在促进作用.%The community characteristics of the understory herbaceous in Zhaikeqiao and Qiujiaba located in the middle section of north-facing slope of Motianling Mountain were studied,and the relationship between the community characteristics and the soil nutrient content were analyzed.The result showed that there were 5 7 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 53 genera and 34 families,and most of them were from Compositae, Labiatae and Ranunculaceae.The aboveground and underground biomass of herbaceous layer decreased gradual-ly with the increasing of altitude,and the correlation with elevation gradient was not significant (P>0.05).The altitude did not show significant correlation relationship with the coverage of herbaceous layer,species richness, soil organic carbon content and total soil nitrogen content (P>0.05).And there was a significant positive corre-lation between soil phosphorus content and altitude (P<0.01),and the correlation of coverage,species richness to soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and total phosphorus content was not significant (P>0.05).In addition, there was significant positive correlation between the aboveground and subsurface biomass (P<0.05),and there was no significant correlation with the species richness (P>0.05).The aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with the total soil nitrogen content (P<0.01),and the underground biomass and soil organic carbon content had a positive correlation (P<0.01).In contrast,the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content had significant effect on the aboveground and underground biomass,and the coverage and total nitrogen had weak in-hibition effect on the aboveground biomass,and the coverage and organic carbon had promoting effect on the un-derground biomass.It could be concluded that the biomass of herbaceous community was not affected by single factor,and the species diversity,soil nutrient and climate factors should be considered as well.
  • 摘要：采用田间小区方法,以 2014~2017 年在四川省甘孜州道孚县乾宁种畜场对早熟禾(Poa pratensis )、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne )、雀麦(Bromus inermis )、猫尾草(Phleum pratense )、细茎冰草 (Agropyron trachycaulum )、扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum )和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa )共 14个品种同期播种,连续4 年进行田间观察和产草量测定.结果表明:在川西北地区种植的 14 个牧草品种细茎冰草因越冬率低,不适应当地环境,在2016 年低全部死亡,其余 13 个草品种都可安全越冬,正常生长,但不同品种产草量差异显著或极显著.从产量总趋势分析,诺言猫尾草、乌苏 1 号无芒雀麦、热销多年生黑麦草、新速Ⅱ多年生黑麦草、三得利紫花苜蓿等 5 个品种产量较高,值得在本区生产上应用推广.%The adaptability of 14 perennial grasses including 2 Kentucky bluegrasses (Poa pratensis ),3 pe-rennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne ),4 smooth bromegrasses (Bromus inermis ),1 timothy grass (Phleum prat-ense ),1 slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum ),1 crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum )and 2 al-falfaes (Medicago sativa )was studied by using field plot test from 2014 to 2017 in Daofu County,Ganzi Prefec-ture of Sichuan Province.The results showed that the wintering rate of slender wheatgrass was 0%,the rest of tested grasses could overwinter,but the yield variation was significantly great.In general,Promise timothy, Wusu No.1 smooth bromegrass,Caliente perennial ryegrass,Newspeed Ⅱ perennial ryegrass,Sanditi alfalfa had high yield and quality.
  • 摘要：Five white clover germplasms (A and B from Nanshan of Urumqi City,C and D from Changji and Hutubi respectively,and Haifa as E)was used to study their responses to natural temperature decrease.The tested materials were sampled every 10 days from August 17 to September 26 in 2015 and the physiological inde-xes including the content of leaf water,chlorophyll,malondialdehyde and soluble sugar and membrane lipid per-meability were measured.The results showed that along with the temperature decrease in autumn,the contents of water and chlorophyll in leaf of 5 materials decreased;the contents of malondialdehyde,soluble sugar and free proline increased gradually;while the trend of the conductivity were reduced firstly and then increased.In addi-tion,the chlorophyll contents of C,D and E reduced later than that of A and B for about 10 days.Comprehensive analysis of 5 germplasms showed that the tolerance of A and B to temperature decrease was better than the oth-er.%以2015 年8 月17 日~9 月26 日每隔10 d取的5 份白三叶种质乌市南山(A)、乌市南山(B)、昌吉(C)、呼图壁(D)、海法(E)为材料,通过其自然降温条件下叶片含水量、叶绿素、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量和膜脂透性等生理指标的研究,探寻白三叶品种在新疆秋季自然降温的响应规律.结果表明:随着温度的自然降低,5 份白三叶种质叶片含水量和叶绿素含量均呈降低趋势;丙二醛、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量均呈逐渐上升的趋势,而电导率则先减小后增加.其中,C,D和 E 品种的叶绿素含量降低要晚于A、B约 1 0 d.综合分析 5 份白三叶品种,A、B对降温的耐受性优于其他品种.
  • 摘要：In order to clarify the soil mineral nutrient deficiency and nutrient level of alfalfa pasture in Long-dong area of Gansu Province,the study on the content and the correlation of N,P,K,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn in alfal-fa and soil was conducted in Huanxian,Heishui,Zhuanglang and Jingchuan.The results showed that soil N con-tent was slightly higher while P and K contents were lower than the standard average levels in China.Soil avail-able Mn content was high,soil available Zn content was medium while the contents of soil available Fe and Cu were deficient.The contents of N,P,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn in alfalfa were low,but K was high;Alfalfa demands for K was higher than other elements;The order of trace element contents from high to low was Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu, and alfalfa demand for Fe was higher than Mn,Zn and Cu.The P contents of soil and alfalfa were highly correla-ted (r=-0.738,P<0.01).The N contents of soil and alfalfa were moderately correlated (r=-0.522,P<0.05).The contents of available Fe in soil and alfalfa were moderately correlated (r= 0.61,P<0.05).The con-tents of available Zn in soil and alfalfa were highly correlated (r=0.742,P<0.05).The contents of total K and available Cu and Mn in soil and alfalfa did not correlate significantly.%为明确甘肃陇东地区苜蓿草地土壤矿质养分亏缺及牧草养分水平,对环县、合水、庄浪、泾川的苜蓿和土壤的N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量及其相关性进行研究.结果表明:试验区土壤N含量略高于我国平均水平、P含量低于我国平均水平,K 素略低于我国平均水平;土壤矿质元素含量为有效 Mn极富、有效Zn中等、有效Fe、Cu缺乏.苜蓿中 N 含量适中,P、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn 含量较低,K 素含量高;苜蓿对K素需求量高于所测其他矿质养分;苜蓿微量元含量由高到低为 Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu,且苜蓿对Fe的需求高于Mn,Zn和Cu.土壤与苜蓿的全P含量极显著相关(r=-0.738,P<0.01),全N含量显著相关(r=-0.522,P<0.05),有效 Fe 含量显著相关(r=0.61,P<0.05),有效 Zn 含量呈高度相关(r=0.742,P<0.05);土壤与苜蓿全K、有效Cu、有效Mn含量未呈现出显著关系.
  • 摘要：为研究昆明地区广泛种植的黑麦草(Lolium perenne )、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea )和早熟禾(Poa pratensis)幼苗的抗旱性,采用盆栽控水试验方法测定了不同时间干旱胁迫下的草坪外观质量(TQ)、叶片萎蔫系数(LWS)、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、地上部分和根系生物量(Bio)3 种草坪草根冠比(RS)、叶片光合速率(Pn)、叶片暗呼吸速率(R)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)、细胞膜透性(RC)以及可溶性糖含量(Sol)等生理生态指标.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫时间的持续,高羊茅的 TQ、LWC、RWC、Bio 和Pn降低的比例显著低于黑麦草和早熟禾,而 R、Pro、RC 和 Sol 的增加量显著高于黑麦草和早熟禾.用隶属函数法对试验测定的 9 个生理生态指标进行综合评价,3 种冷季型草坪草幼苗抗旱性表现为:高羊茅>黑麦草>早熟禾.%The study was conducted to estimate the drought tolerance of ryegrass (Lolium perenne ),tall fes-cue (Festuca arundinacea )and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis )at seedling stage by plot-water control ex-periment.Different physiological and ecological indices including turf quality,leaf wilting score,leaf relative wa-ter content,ratio of root to shoot,leaf photosynthetic rate,leaf dark respiration rate,leaf proline content,relative electrical conductivity rate,and soluble sugar content were measured.The results showed that reduced propor-tion of turf quality,leaf water score,leaf relative water content,aboveground and root biomass,leaf photosynthe-sis of F .arundinacea with the duration of drought stress were lower than L.perenne and P .pratensis ;increased proportion of leaf respiration,leaf proline content,relative electrical conductivity rate,and soluble sugar content of F .arundinacea were higher than others.According to a comprehensive evaluation of 9 physiological and eco-logical indices based on subordinate function of fuzzy mathematics,the order of drought resistance of three cool-season turfgrasses at seedling stage was:F .arundinacea>L.perenne>P .pratensis .
  • 摘要：WL343 HQ alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv.WL343 HQ)and 3 cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-labeled rhizobia,Rzhizobium LH3436f (3436f),Ensifermeliloti 12531f (12531f),and Rzhizobium GN5f (gn5f)were used as materials.Different concentrations of KH2PO4solution were added to 3 strains of rhizobia to screen out the different suitable concentrations for the growth of rhizobia.The growth of inoculated alfalfa seedling root with the most suitable rhizobia strains suspensions combination of KH2PO4solution's concentrations and the la-beled rhizobia was observed to test the effects of rhizobia's dynamic changes of migration and colonization of al-falfa seedlings in the plants after rhizobia invade the roots.The appropriate concentrations of KH2PO4for pro-moting the colonization of rhizobium and the effects of rhizobia migration and colonization were studied as well. The results showed that 3436f was promoted a long-term and stable colonization in the alfalfa root system in the 50 mg/L KH2PO4with a colonization density up to 27 075.12 cfu/g,which was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05).In the upper stem and leaf,the densities were 19.20 cfu/g and 9.94 cfu/g,respectively;50 mg/L KH2PO4promoted 12531f to colonize in root system largely,and also promoted 12531f to migrate the upper stem,with a quantity of 53.45 cfu/g.200 mg/L KH2PO4promoted the stable colonization of gn5f in root and stem.And after 45 days'inoculation,it could still colonize in lower stems with the density of 33.29 cfu/g. And adding KH2PO4could significantly increase the number of root nodule and root nodule weight of single plant,improve the leaf number,plant heights,root length,fresh weight and fresh weight of root,and significant-ly promoted ability of the infection of the root system by the marker rhizobia and the migration and colonization of rhizobia.According to the rhizobia's migration and colonization in alfalfa seedlings,and with reference to the optimum conditions of alfalfa seedling growth,the proper combination of labeled rhizobia strains and KH2PO4 concentrations in seedling stage was:3436f+50 mg/L KH2PO4,12531f+50 mg/L KH2PO4,and gn5f+200 mg/L KH2PO4.This could provide the foundation for inoculating of target rhizobia and promoting the migra-tion and colonization to seeds,and establishing a target symbiosis of rhizobium and seedlings.%试验以WL343 HQ紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.WL343 HQ)及3 株青色荧光蛋白(CFP)标记根瘤菌株Rzhizobium LH3436f(3436f)、Ensifermeliloti 12531f(12531f)和Rzhizobium GN5f(gn5f)为材料,添加不同浓度磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)于3 株标记根瘤菌菌液内,分别筛选出 3 个有利于各标记根瘤菌生长的KH2PO4浓度,并分别将选定浓度的 KH2PO4与相应的标记根瘤菌组合接种于苜蓿幼苗根部.检测根瘤菌侵入根系后在苜蓿幼苗体内运移及定殖的动态变化和对苜蓿幼苗生长的影响,探讨KH2PO4促进根瘤菌运移和定殖的适宜浓度及根瘤菌运移和定殖的效果.结果表明:50 mg/L KH2PO4促使3436f长期稳定的大量定殖于苜蓿根系,定殖数量最高达到 27075.12 cfu/g,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),并快速运移至上部茎和上部叶中,数量分别为 19.20 cfu/g、9.94 cfu/g;50 mg/L KH2PO4促使 12531f大量定殖于根系,也可运移至上部茎,数量为 53.45 cfu/g;200 mg/L KH2PO4促使 gn5f稳定定殖于根系和茎内,接种45 d时下部茎内仍有定殖,数量为 33.29 cfu/g.添加 KH2PO4接种可明显提高苜蓿单株结瘤数和单株根瘤重,增加苜蓿叶片数、株高、根长、地上鲜重和根鲜重,显著促进了标记根瘤菌侵染根系并进入苜蓿体内运移和定殖.结合苜蓿体内根瘤菌运移和定殖以及苜蓿生长各指标优化状况,筛选出标记根瘤菌株与 KH2PO4的优良组合为 3436f+50 mg/L KH2PO4,12531f+50 mg/L KH2PO4和gn5f+200 mg/L KH2PO4,为苜蓿接种目标根瘤菌并促使其在体内运移和定殖至种子,构建目标根瘤菌与苜蓿良种种子共生体奠定基础.
  • 摘要：为了解小黑麦和黑麦茎秆结构对作物生产性能的影响,利用常规石蜡切片法和电镜扫描法对小黑麦和黑麦主茎基部第2 节间解剖特征进行了比较研究.结果显示:小黑麦和黑麦小维管束处的表皮细胞呈正方形,而小维管束两侧和小维管束之间的表皮细胞均成长方形;小黑麦茎秆中机械组织厚度和细胞层数显著小于黑麦茎秆中机械组织厚度和细胞层数(P<0 .0 5 ),而小黑麦的基本组织厚度大于黑麦茎秆中基本组织厚度;小黑麦茎秆中小维管束数目和大小与黑麦无显著差异,而大维管束的数目和大小均显著大于黑麦茎秆中大维管束数目和大小(P<0 .0 5 ).小黑麦茎秆中导管、筛管和伴胞的孔径均大于黑麦.从二者茎秆基部第2 节间结构特征比较分析,认为小黑麦比黑麦更具抗倒伏能力,生产潜能也高于黑麦.%In order to understand the impact of stem structure on the production performance of triticale and rye,the anatomical characteristics of the second internode at base of main stem of triticale and rye stem were studied by paraffin section method and scanning electron microscopy method.The result indicated that the epi-dermis cells in outside of the small vascular bundles were square,while the epidermis cells between and beside the small vascular bundles were oblong.The thickness of the mechanical tissue and the number of the mechani-cal tissue cell layers in stems of triticale was significantly less than those in stems of rye (P<0.05)and the thickness of fundamental tissue in stems of triticale was higher than that in stems of rye.There was no differ-ence in terms of the number and size of small vascular bundle between triticale and rye,while the number and size of vascular bundle in triticale was considerably greater than those of rye (P<0.05).The diameter of ducts, sieve tubes and companion cells in the stem of triticale was greater than that of rye.Based on the structural fea-ture of the second internode of main stems of triticale and rye,it could be concluded that the lodging resistance and production potential of triticale were higher than rye.
  • 摘要：Alpine meadow was dominated on the Tibetan Plateau.It was revealed as a source of atmosphere N2O.Seasonal alternatively freezing and thawing process was one of the main climate characteristic on the Ti-betan Plateau.The response of N2O emission flux of alpine Kobresia meadow to alternatively freezing and tha-wing was studied by laboratory incubation.The result indicated that soil N2O emission rates decreased gradually under -1 0℃ and -5℃ incubation condition along with the increasing of freezing time.The rate of dropping in the former was significantly higher than the latter,and both fluxes were lower than the control.Along with the increasing of temperature,soil N2O emission rates increased dramatically under -10 and -5℃ incubation,and the fluxes reached at the peak in 2 hours,and then the rates decreased gradually.Meanwhile,the lowest emission rates of all plots were measured after freezing 2 1 days.In addition,alpine meadow ecosystem N2O emission rates increased significantly from 1.23±0.05 to 3.34±0.59 g/(kg·h)with the increase of freezing and thawing process from 1 to 12.After that the flux decreased dramatically till 24 cycles.Processes of the alternative freez-ing and thawing could significantly stimulate the emission rates of N2O.This study would contribute to accurate estimation of N2O emission quantity in alpine meadow.%采用室内培养方法,分析了高寒矮嵩草草甸土壤 N2O 排放速率对土壤冻融交替作用的响应特征.结果表明:随着冻结时间增加,-1 0℃和-5℃冻结土壤 N2O 排放速率均明显降低,且前者的降低速率显著高于后者、均低于对照土壤 N2O 排放速率;随着冻结土壤的融化,-1 0℃和-5℃培养土壤N2O排放速率急剧增加,融化2 h出现排放峰值,而后逐渐降低,但均高于对照样地,在冻结 2 1 d时,各处理高寒草甸土壤N2O排放速率达到最低值.随着冻融交替循环次数从 1 次增加到 1 2 次,高寒草甸土壤N2O排放速率明显增加,从最初的 1.23±0.05 g/(kg·h)增加到 3.34±0.59 g/(kg·h).从第12 次到第24 次冻融循环时,高寒草甸土壤N2O排放速率显著下降(P<0.05),降低幅度达到 31.7%.土壤冻融过程会显著激发高寒草甸N2O排放速率,有助于科学估算高寒草甸N2O排放量.

    草原与草坪的期刊信息

    • 曾用名：国外畜牧学.草原与牧草;国外畜牧学:草原与牧草;国外畜牧学-草原与牧草;国外畜牧学：草原与牧草
    • 创刊时间：1981
    • 地区：CN
    • 语言：中文
    • 热门主题：中国草学会;甘肃农业大学
    • 学科分类：

    草原与草坪的获奖情况

    • • 2004年获中国高校优秀科技期刊奖
    • • 2006年获首届中国高校特色科技期刊奖
    • • 2010年获第三届中国高校特色科技期刊奖
    • • 2011年获中国畜牧兽医学会优秀期刊奖

    草原与草坪的收录情况

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    • • 日本科学技术振兴机构数据库
    • • 中国科技核心期刊

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