丘陵草原区小流域水土流失综合治理模式研究

摘要

为探索丘陵草原区小流域水土流失综合治理模式，以锡林河水库小流域为研究区，采用线性规划方法，结合前期试验观测成果，在全面调查流域水土流失特点及治理格局的基础上，总结现有水土保持关键技术及常用的治理模式，并经数学模型的优化，提出丘陵草原区小流域水土流失综合治理优化模式，由坡面梯化治理模式+沟道治理模式构成。其中，缓坡(坡度3~5°)采用天然草地+人工草地+改良草地措施配置，最佳配置比例1∶0.4∶0.3；中坡(5~15°)采用林草措施(柠条+苜蓿)+封育措施配置，最佳配置比例1∶0.4；陡坡(15~25°)采用工程+林草措施(截水沟+柠条带)配置，最佳配置比例1∶0.5。%In order to explore the integrated management model for controlling soil-water erosion in small watershed of hilly grassland,the study selected the small watershed located in Xilin River reservoir as the stud-ying area.Based on the former experimental results,we used linear programming method and then provided the optimized management pattern after optimizing the mathematical model based on the existed techniques and common management models of soil and water conservation.The optimized management pattern was composed of terraced slope control model and ditch control model.On the gentle slope (3 ~5°),the management pattern should be integrated by natural grassland,sown grassland,and improved grassland,the optimized allocation should be 1∶0.4∶0.3.On the middle slope (5 ~ 15°),the wood-grass integrated model (Caragana Korshinskii Kom .+Medicago sativa .)with enclosure measures should be adopted,the optimized allocation should be 1∶0. 4.On steep slope (15~25°),the engineering method with wood-grass integrated method (intercepting ditch +Caragana Korshinskii Kom.)should be adopted,the optimized allocation should be 1∶0.5.