氧耗量

摘要： 目的 比较硬膜外麻醉与全身麻醉在老年骨科手术患者中的应用效果。方法 根据麻醉方案将2019年1月至2020年6月在我院进行骨科手术的88例老年患者分为对照组和观察组,各44例。对照组行全身麻醉,观察组行硬膜外麻醉。比较两组患者的麻醉效果、氧耗情况、血流动力学指标、苏醒质量及认知功能。结果 观察组的Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组,感觉阻滞维持时间、运动阻滞维持时间长于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组麻醉10、30、60 min的VO_(2)、VCO_(2)均高于麻醉前,DO_(2)均低于麻醉前(P<0.05);观察组麻醉10、30、60 min的VO_(2)、VCO_(2)低于对照组,DO_(2)高于对照组(P<0.05)。麻醉30 min,两组的HR均高于麻醉前,MVP、CVP均低于麻醉前(P<0.05);观察组麻醉30 min、术后10 min的HR低于对照组,MVP、CVP高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的唤醒睁眼时间、拔管时间、意识恢复时间均短于对照组,POCD发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后6、24、48 h的MMSE评分均低于术前(P<0.05);观察组术后6、24、48 h的MMSE评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 硬膜外麻醉在老年骨科手术患者中的应用效果优于全身麻醉,可提高镇痛、镇静效果,改善氧耗情况,减少术中血流动力学波动,提高苏醒质量,且有利于术后认知功能的恢复。

摘要： 目的 探讨三磷腺苷合酶抑制因子1(ATPIF1)基因敲除对小鼠巨噬细胞内三磷腺苷(ATP)水平及线粒体功能的影响.方法 选取5只野生型C57BL/6小鼠为WT组,5只ATPIF1基因敲除小鼠为KO组.处死小鼠后,提取小鼠骨髓细胞进行培养,并诱导其分化成熟为骨髓来源巨噬细胞(BMDM).在未加脂多糖(LPS)的基础状态及LPS刺激2、4h后收集细胞,应用ATP检测试剂盒检测细胞内ATP水平,应用细胞能量代谢分析仪检测细胞氧消耗率,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测细胞内三羧酸循环中关键酶丙酮酸激酶(PKm)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、柠檬酸合酶(CS)、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶(OGDC) mRNA相对表达量.结果 与WT组比较,在基础状态下KO组小鼠BMDM内ATP水平、基础氧耗量、用于ATP合成的氧耗量、最大氧耗量及PKm、IDH、CS、OGDC mRNA相对表达量显著增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);LPS刺激2、4h后,KO组小鼠BMDM内ATP水平、基础氧耗量、用于ATP合成的氧耗量和最大氧耗量及CS、OGDC mRNA相对表达量均显著增加(P＜0.05).结论 ATPIF1基因敲除可增加小鼠BMDM内ATP水平,并提高三羧酸循环相关酶mRNA表达和线粒体氧化磷酸化水平.

摘要： 目的 评价尼莫地平对老年腔隙性脑梗患者术后谵妄的影响.方法 择期全麻下拟行脊柱手术腔隙性脑梗死患者60例,性别不限,年龄65～80岁,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)和尼莫地平组(N组).N组于麻醉诱导前30 min开始静脉输注尼莫地平7.5μg·kg-1·h-1至术毕.于尼莫地平给药前即刻(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、切皮后1 h(T3)及术毕(T4)进行动脉及颈静脉球部血气分析,并计算颈静脉球部血氧含量、动脉-颈静脉球部血氧含量差、脑氧摄取率及颈静脉-动脉血乳酸浓度差.采用ELISA法测定颈静脉球部血清S100β蛋白和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的浓度.记录术后3 d内谵妄的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,N组T3,4时颈静脉球部血氧含量升高,动脉-颈静脉球部血氧含量差及脑氧摄取率降低,T2-4时血清S100β 蛋白浓度降低,脑源性神经营养因子浓度升高,术后谵妄发生率降低(P0.05).结论 尼莫地平可减少老年腔隙性脑梗死患者术后谵妄的发生,其机制可能与改善术中脑氧代谢及减轻脑损伤有关.%Objective To evaluate the effect of nimodipine on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients with lacunar infarction. Methods Sixty patients with lacunar infarction of both sexes, aged 65-80 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱor Ⅲ, scheduled for elective spinal surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups (n= 30 each) using a random number table: control group (group C) and nimodipine group (group N). Nimodipine 7. 5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 was in-travenously infused starting from 30 min before anesthesia induction until the end of surgery in group N, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. At 30 min before infusing nimodipine (T1 ), immediately after tracheal intubation (T2 ), at 1 h after skin incision (T3 ) and at the end of surgery (T4 ), blood samples were taken from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analysis. Jugular bulb oxygen content, arterial-jugular bulb oxygen content difference, cerebral oxygen uptake rate and jugular-arterial lactate concentration difference were calculated. The concentrations of S100β protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum of the jugular bulb were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say. The occurrence of POD was recorded within 3 days after operation. Results Compared with group C, jugular bulb oxygen content was significantly increased, and arterial-jugular bulb oxygen content difference and cerebral oxygen uptake rate were decreased at T3,4 , the concentrations of serum S100β protein were de-creased and the concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor were increased at T2-4 , the incidence of POD was decreased (P0. 05). Conclusion Nimodipine can reduce the devel-opment of POD, and the mechanism may be related to improving intraoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism and reducing brain injury in elderly patients.

摘要： 目的 探讨心率作为评价体力劳动强度优选指标的可能性.方法 于2015年9至10月,选择111名男性青年为研究对象,采用功率自行车运动方式,进行不同强度(20、40、60、80、100、120、140、160、180W)的运动人体试验,每一运动强度持续6 min;受试者佩戴K4b2便携式心肺功能仪,实时监测运动中的心率(HR)、肺通气量(Ve)、氧耗量(VO2)和能量代谢率(E).采用Origin分析软件,对各强度下采集的HR、Ve、VO2和E进行相关分析和回归分析,建立Ve-HR、VO2-HR、E-HR回归关系方程.结果 不同运动强度下,HR与Ve、VO2、E均呈正相关(r=0.898 5、0.873 3、0.897 3,P＜0.01);HR与Ve、VO2和E建立回归方程的R2值分别为0.807 0、0.762 5、0.804 9,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).验证结果显示,经方程推算值与实际测量值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 HR可能替代Ve、VO2和E,作为评价体力劳动强度的优选指标.%Objective To investigate the possibility of heart rate as an optimum index for evaluating physical labor intensity.Methods From September to October,2015,a total of 111 male young adults were selected as study subjects.A cycle ergometer was used for exercise at different intensities (20,40,60,80,100,120,140,160,and 180 W),and the exercise at each intensity lasted for 6 minutes.The subjects wore the K4b2 portable cardiopulmonary function testing instrument for the real-time monitoring of heart rate (HR),pulmonary ventilation volume (Ve),oxygen consumption (VO2),and energy metabolic rate (E).The origin software was used for correlation and regression analyses of HR,Ve,VO2,and E collected at different intensities to establish VeHR,VO2-HR,and E-HR regression equations.Results At different intensities,HR was positively correlated with Ve,VO2,and E(r=0.8985,0.8733,and 0.8973,all P＜0.01).There was a significant difference in the R2 value of Ve-HR,VO2-HR,and E-HR regression equations (R2=0.8070,0.7625,and 0.8049,all P ＜0.01).The validation results showed that there was no significant difference between the calculated values and the measured ones (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion HR can replace Ve,VO2,and E and be used as an optimum index for evaluating physical labor intensity.

摘要： Objective To explore the difference between delirium and oxygen extraction ratio ,to provide basic data for the timely diagnosis and treatment of delirium and further study .Methods According to whether the occurrence of delirium ,we divided pa-tients into two groups :the control group had 24 patients without delirium ;observation group had 27 patients with delirium .These patients in ICU ward were placed with pulmonary artery catheter to detect the oxygen extraction ratio .The three periods of monito-ring were before the occurrence of delirium (T1) ,delirium(T2) ,delirium after (T3) ,we select the appropriate time to collect the data of the control group .The following items were monitored :hemoglobin Hb ,arterial oxygen saturation SaO2 ,arterial partial pressure of oxygen PaO2 ,mixed venous oxygen saturation SvO2 ,mixed venous oxygen partial pressure PvO2 ,heart index CI .Then the following items were calculated by monitoring indicators :arterial oxygen content CaO2 ,venous oxygen content of CvO2 ,oxygen transport DO2 ,oxygen consumption VO2 ,oxygen extraction ratio O2 ER .By means of statistical analysis of monitoring data ,we ana-lyzed the relationship between oxygen extraction ratio changes and delirium .Results In T1 ,T2 and T3 time period ,the average val-ue of actual monitoring indicators CI ,PvO2 and Hb in the observation group were similar to those in the control group ,PaO2 and SvO2 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ,the calculated indexes SaO2 ,DO2 ,VO2 and O2 ER were higher than those of the control group ,the difference was not statisticauy significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion There was no differ-ence in changes of delirium and oxygen extraction ratio .%目的 研究氧摄取率与谵妄是否具有相关性,为临床及时诊治谵妄和进一步研究提供基础数据.方法 选取该院收入重症医学科后安置漂浮导管监测氧摄取率的患者,按照是否发生谵妄分成2组:对照组24例,患者未发生谵妄;观察组27例,患者发生谵妄.按观察组谵妄发生前(T1)、发生时(T2)、发生后(T3)时间段收集观察组数据,并于相应时间段收集对照组数据,包括血红蛋白(Hb)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、混合静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)、混合静脉血氧分压(PvO2)、心脏指数(CI),计算出动脉血氧水平(CaO2)、静脉血氧水平(CvO2)、氧输送(DO2)、氧消耗(VO2)、全身氧摄取率(O2 ER),观察2组患者氧摄取率变化与谵妄发生的相关性.结果 在T1、T2、T3时间段,观察组的实际监测指标CI、PvO2、Hb均值与对照组数值相近,PaO2、SvO2均值低于对照组,计算指标SaO2、DO2、VO2、O2 ER均值高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论谵妄发生前后与氧摄取率变化无相关性.

摘要： 目的 评价低温环境暴露对失血性休克猪全麻期间血流动力学和氧代谢的影响.方法 清洁级巴马小型猪12头,雌雄不拘,体重20～24 kg,采用随机数字表法分为2组(n=6):常温环境组(RT组)和低温环境组(EH组).吸入2％异氟醚维持麻醉,RT组和EH组分别置于常温(20～22°C)和低温(-10°C)环境中,采用改良容控法(放血量30 ml/kg)制备失血性休克模型.于放血前(T1)、放血结束后即刻(T2)、休克1、2、3、4和5 h(T3～T7)时记录HR、MAP、平均肺动脉压(MPAP)、CI、全身血管阻力指数(SVRI);并经右侧股动脉及颈内静脉取血标本1 ml,行动脉及混和静脉血血气分析,记录乳酸浓度(Lac)、Hb、PaO2、SaO2、混合静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2),并计算氧供指数(DO2I)、氧耗指数(VO2I)和氧摄取率(O2ER).结果 与RT组比较,EH组T3～7时HR、T5～7时CI和DO2I、T1～7时VO2I、T2～6时O2ER、T5～7时Lac降低,T4,5时MAP、T4～7时MPAP、T3～7时SVRI、T2～6时S;O2升高(P＜0.05).结论 低温环境暴露可抑制失血性休克猪全麻期间心脏代偿反应,增加外周血管阻力,并加剧氧代谢障碍.%Objective To evaluate the effect of environmental hypothermia exposure on hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism during general anesthesia in a pig model of hemorrhagic shock.Methods Twelve pathogen-free Bama miniature pigs of both sexes,weighing 20-24 kg,were divided into 2 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:room temperature group (group RT) and environmental hypothermia group (group EH).The animals inhaled 2％ isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia.The pigs were placed at room temperature (20-22°C) and at low temperature (-10 °C) in group RT and group EH,respectively.Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from the right femoral artery within 20 min (30 ml/kg).Before withdrawing blood (T1),immediately after the end of withdrawing blood (T2),and at 1,2,3,4 and 5 h of shock (T3-7),heart rate,mean arterial pressure,mean pulmonary artery pressure,cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index were recorded.Blood samples were collected from the right femoral artery and internal jugular vein for blood gas analysis,and lactic acid concentrations,hemoglobin,arterial oxygen partial pressure,arterial oxygen saturation,and mixed venous oxygen saturation were recorded.Oxygen delivery index,oxygen consumption index and O2 extraction rate were calculated.Results Compared with group RT,heart rate at T3-7,cardiac index and oxygen delivery index at T5-7,oxygen consumption index at T1-7,O2 extraction rate at T2-6,and lactic acid concentrations at T5-7 were significantly decreased,and mean arterial pressure at T4,5,mean pulmonary artery pressure at T4-7,systemic vascular resistance index at T3-7,and mixed venous oxygen saturation at T2-6 were increased in group EH (P＜0.05).Conclusion Environmental hypothermia exposure inhibits cardiac compensatory responses,increases the peripheral vascular resistance,and aggravates oxygen dysmetabolism during general anesthesia in a pig model of hemorrhagic shock.

摘要： 目的 评价肺保护性通气对单肺通气老年患者脑氧代谢和术后认知功能的影响.方法 择期全麻下行胸腔镜食管癌根治术的患者60例,性别不限,年龄65～80岁,体重45 ～ 75 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法,将其分为2组(n=30):容量控制通气组(VCV组)和保护性通气组(PV组).VCV组双肺通气期间VT10 ml/kg,单肺通气期间VT7 ml/kg;PV组双肺通气期间VT7ml/kg+ PEEP 5 cmH2O+肺复张术,单肺通气期间VT5 ml/kg+PEEP 5 cmH2O+肺复张术.肺复张术:维持吸气压15、20、25 cmH2O,PEEP 5 cmH2O,每个压力3次呼吸,5 s/次,45 min复张1次.于诱导前(T1)、双肺通气10 min(T2)、单肺通气30 min(T3)、再次改为双肺通气15 min(T4)时采集桡动脉和颈静脉球部血样行血气分析,记录pH值、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、颈静脉球部血氧饱和度(SjvO2);计算氧合指数(OI)、肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)、动脉-颈内静脉血氧含量差(Da-jvO2)和脑氧摄取率(CE-RO2).于术后7d、1个月时采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评估认知功能,记录术后认知功能障碍的发生情况.结果 与T1时比较,2组T2-4时PaO2、Da-jvO2、CERO2和Qs/Qt升高,SjvO2和OI降低(P＜0.05);与T2时比较,2组T3时PaO2、SjvO2和OI降低,Qs/Qt和CERO2升高,T3-4时Da-jvO2升高(P＜0.05);与VCV组比较,PV组T3时PaO2、PaCO2、SjvO2和OI升高,Qs/Qt、Da-jvO2和CERO2降低,术后7d时MMSE评分升高,术后认知功能障碍发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 肺保护性通气策略有助于改善单肺通气老年患者术后脑功能.%Objective To evaluate the effects of lung-protective ventilation on the cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients requiring one-lung ventilation (OLV).Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 65-80 yr,weighing 45-75 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective radical resection for esophageal cancer performed via video-assisted thoracoscope with general aneshesia,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each)using a random number table:volume-controlled ventilation group (group VCV) and protective ventilation group (group PV).In group VCV,the tidal volume (VT) was set at 10 ml/kg during two-lung ventilation (TLV) and at 7 ml/kg during OLV.In group PV,the VT was set at 7 ml/kg during TLV and at 5 ml/kg during OLV with positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O,and lung recruitment maneuver was performed every 45 min with inspiratory pressure at 15,20 and 25 cmH2O,PEEP 5 cmH2O,3 breaths per pressure,5 s/breath.Before induction of anesthesia (T1),at 10 min of TLV (T2),at 30 min of OLV (T3) and at 15 min after restoration of TLV (T4),blood samples were taken from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analysis,and pH value,arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2),arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2),arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) were recorded.Oxygenation index (OI),intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt),arteriovenous blood O2 content difference (Da-jvO2) and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated at the same time.Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination at 7 days and 1 month after operation,and the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was recorded.Results PaO2,DajvO2,CERO2 and Qs/Qt were significantly higher and SjvO2 and OI were lower at T2-4 than at T1 in two groups (P＜0.05).PaO2,SjvO2 and OI were significantly lower and Qs/Qt and CERO2 were higher at T3 than at T2,and Da-jvO2 was higher at T3-4 than at T2 in two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group VCV,PaO2,PaCO2,SjvO2 and OI were significantly increased and Qs/Qt,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were decreased at T3,the Mini-Mental State Examination scores were increased on postoperative day 7,and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was decreased in group PV (P＜O.05).Conclusion Lungprotective ventilation is helpful in improving postoperative brain function of elderly patients requiring OLV.

摘要： Objective To evaluate the effect of therapeutic hypercapnia on the balance between cer-ebral O2supply and demand in the patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair posi-tion(BCP). Methods Forty-eight patients of both sexes, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 45-80 kg, of Ameri-can Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠorⅡ, scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position, were divided into 2 groups(n=24 each)using a random number table: control group(group C, end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide 35-40 mmHg)and therapeutic hypercapnia group (group H, end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide 45-50 mmHg). The regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2)was recorded after induction and before BCP, immediately after BCP, at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 min after BCP and at the end of surgery(T0-12). The occurrence of cerebral desaturation events, extubation time, duration of stay in postanesthesia care unit, development of nausea and vomiting and requirement for vasoactive drugs were recorded during surgery. Results Compared with the baseline at T0, the rSO2was significantly decreased at T1-12in group C and at T2-6in group H(P005). Conclusion Therapeutic hypercapnia can improve the balance between cerebral O2supply and demand in the patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the BCP.%目的 评价治疗性高碳酸血症对沙滩椅位(BCP)下肩关节镜手术患者脑氧供需平衡的影响.方法 择期拟行沙滩椅位肩关节镜手术患者48例,性别不限,年龄21~64岁,体重45~80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法分为2组(n=24):对照组C组)和治疗性高碳酸血症组(H组).于诱导后BCP前、BCP后即刻、3、6、9、12、15、18、21、24、27、30 min和术毕(T0-12)时记录脑氧饱和度(rSO2);记录脑去氧饱和度事件(CDE)的发生情况、拔除气管导管时间、PACU滞留时间、恶心、呕吐的发生情况和血管活性药物使用情况.结果 与T0时比较,C组T1-12时rSO2降低,H组T2-6时rSO2下降(P005).结论 治疗性高碳酸血症可改善BCP下肩关节镜手术患者的脑氧供需平衡.

摘要： 为研究人体佩戴自吸过滤式呼吸器进行中高强度劳动时,氧耗量和通气量的变化是否与呼吸器的呼吸阻力和死腔有关,测定了在中等(100W)和高等(155W)劳动强度下,8名受试者佩戴五种自吸过滤式呼吸器(呼吸阻力及死腔不同)从事踏车运动时的通气量和氧耗量.结果表明:符合国家标准的自吸过滤式呼吸器产品,其呼吸阻力和死腔不会对人体通气量及氧耗量产生显著影响.研究结果为确定自吸过滤式呼吸器的呼吸生理指标提供了理论依据.

摘要： 目的:评价运动状态下不同活动类型的体力负荷.方法:随机抽取10名20～30岁年龄组健康男性大学生作为研究对象,自统一早餐后1小时起,研究对象分别完成7种类型活动:静坐、行走(80步/分、100步/分、130步/分)、爬楼梯(70阶/分、90阶/分、130阶/分),每种活动类型测试3～6 分钟,每项活动测试前,均应保证研究对象脉搏数恢复至静坐前水平,测试者采用K4b2系统(Cosmed,罗马,意大利)遥测模式测定氧耗量(VO2)、心率(HR)、每分通气量(VE)、代谢当量(METS)等体力负荷评价指标.采用随机区组方差分析、Spearman等级相关和Pearson相关分析进行不同活动类型体力负荷评价.结果:活动类型与体力负荷评价指标(VO2、HR、VE、VO2/Kg、Eekc、Eekg、Eebsa、METS)之间、体力负荷评价指标两两之间均有相关性(P＜0 01);从静坐、行走(80步/分、100步/分、130步/分)至爬梯(70阶/分、90阶/分、130阶/分),随着活动类型由静到动、活动速度由慢到快,VO2、HR、VE、VO2/Kg、Eekc、Eekg、Eebsa、METS等均表现出逐渐增高的趋势,并且差异有统计学意义(P＜001);同一活动随时间延长,VO2、HR、VE、VO2/Kg、Eekc、Eekg、Eebsa、METS亦呈上升趋势,但HR上升趋势较平缓;从变异度看,各种活动类型中VO2的变异系数最大,HR的变异系数最小.结论: VO2、HR、VE、VO2/Kg、Eekc、Eekg、Eebsa、METS可较好地评价运动状态下不同活动类型的体力负荷,现场测试体力负荷应首选VO2,其次是HR作为评价指标.

摘要： 4名青年男性在密闭舱中连续进行5昼夜试验。试验舱净化系统中只放碱石灰以清除舱内二氧化碳。结果说明，平均每人每天氧耗量559L，产热量11360KJ，蒸发失水量1142g，舱内刺激类物（例如醛类，氨和胺类）浓度从第四天开始超标。实验提示：非金属材料的严格控制使用是乘员舱内有害气体浓度不超标的重要环节。

摘要： 一种带有盘曲耗氧监测槽的呼吸耗氧量实时监测装置，本体内镂刻有容量槽、耗氧监测槽和进气引导槽，进气口通过进气引导槽与容量槽连通；耗氧监测槽的一端连通容量槽，另一端连通出气口；凸起遮挡耗氧监测槽的入口的部分横截面；本体的上表面上设有刻度；耗氧监测槽的槽底上设有若干个光敏电阻；光敏电阻依次串联形成采样电阻，采样电阻通过电阻检测电路连接生物信号采集处理系统，生物信号采集处理系统根据采样电阻的数据输出动物耗氧量数据；耗氧监测槽具有盘曲的形状；遮光板平铺在基座上，基座的外侧面上设有电源接口、电源开关、耗氧信号接口和呼吸信号接口，且基座内还设有高敏张力换能器。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种确定油藏微生物耗氧量和耗氧速率的方法，(1)将含有0.5～5％营养组分的油井采出水或注入水通过驱替泵注入培养容器；(2)向培养容器补充氧气或空气，气量体积为水样体积1～5倍；(3)模拟油藏温度45～80°C和压力10～20MPa培养5-30天；(4)培养结束后，取水样进行菌群密度计数分析和群落结构分析；(5)取气样进行气相色谱分析，结合菌群计数分析结果，推算氧气的消耗量；利用本方法可以确定不同条件下的油藏微生物能进行有效生长与繁殖所需要的氧气量，进而推算出需要向油藏注入的空气总量，可以为营养体系的优化、本源微生物驱油效果的评价提供有效研究手段，也可为现场注入方案设计提供依据。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种便携式化学耗氧量和生物耗氧量分析仪及其使用方法，包括计算机控制的紫外扫描分光光度计，其特征在于：所述分析仪还包括消解曝气系统和活性污泥处理系统；所述消解曝气系统包括消解器和便携式培养箱；所述便携式培养箱中设有活性污泥，所述活性污泥含用被测定的污水进行培养驯化的优势菌种；所述消解器和培养箱均有由计算机控制的独立嵌入式控制系统；所述活性污泥处理系统为用于将活性污泥和污水分离后，活性污泥回收处理再利用的高速旋转分离器。本发明适应面广、测定浓度范围大、不中毒、一机能够测定COD/BOD，操作简单、易于掌握、符合我国废水成分复杂多变的情况。

摘要： 一种带有盘曲耗氧监测槽的呼吸耗氧量实时监测装置，本体内镂刻有容量槽、耗氧监测槽和进气引导槽，进气口通过进气引导槽与容量槽连通；耗氧监测槽的一端连通容量槽，另一端连通出气口；凸起遮挡耗氧监测槽的入口的部分横截面；本体的上表面上设有刻度；耗氧监测槽的槽底上设有若干个光敏电阻；光敏电阻依次串联形成采样电阻，采样电阻通过电阻检测电路连接生物信号采集处理系统，生物信号采集处理系统根据采样电阻的数据输出动物耗氧量数据；耗氧监测槽具有盘曲的形状；遮光板平铺在基座上，基座的外侧面上设有电源接口、电源开关、耗氧信号接口和呼吸信号接口，且基座内还设有高敏张力换能器。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种全自动在线化学耗氧量和生物耗氧量的监测仪及其使用方法，所述仪器包括BOD曝气装置、紫外扫描装置和计算机控制装置，其特征在于：还包括采样装置，储样装置和补水装置；所述计算机控制装置控制所述采样装置，储样装置，BOD曝气装置，补水装置和紫外扫描装置。所述仪器依据采用生物降解前后COD之差等于BOD的概念，通过COD的变化来确定BOD。本发明不用化学试剂，无二次污染，测量快速准确，操作简便，结构简单，适用范围广，故障率极低，可实现全自动化远程控制。

摘要： 一种用活性污泥曝气快速降解水体中有机污染物,然后用重铬酸钾紫外光度法测定降解前、后COD之差,定义为BODs,再换算为BOD5的环境监测方法,同时,也测定了水体中CODcr之值,本方法能测定印染、石化、制药、制革、冶炼、造纸等工业废水、城市污水和被污染的海水,包括高氯化工废水的CODcr、BOD5。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种便携式化学耗氧量和生物耗氧量分析仪及其使用方法，包括计算机控制的紫外扫描分光光度计，其特征在于：所述分析仪还包括消解曝气系统和活性污泥处理系统；所述消解曝气系统包括消解器和便携式培养箱；所述便携式培养箱中设有活性污泥，所述活性污泥含用被测定的污水进行培养驯化的优势菌种；所述消解器和培养箱均有由计算机控制的独立嵌入式控制系统；所述活性污泥处理系统为用于将活性污泥和污水分离后，活性污泥回收处理再利用的高速旋转分离器。本发明适应面广、测定浓度范围大、不中毒、一机能够测定COD/BOD，操作简单、易于掌握、符合我国废水成分复杂多变的情况。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种确定油藏微生物耗氧量和耗氧速率的方法，(1)将含有0.5～5％营养组分的油井采出水或注入水通过驱替泵注入培养容器；(2)向培养容器补充氧气或空气，气量体积为水样体积1～5倍；(3)模拟油藏温度45～80°C和压力10～20MPa培养5－30天；(4)培养结束后，取水样进行菌群密度计数分析和群落结构分析；(5)取气样进行气相色谱分析，结合菌群计数分析结果，推算氧气的消耗量；利用本方法可以确定不同条件下的油藏微生物能进行有效生长与繁殖所需要的氧气量，进而推算出需要向油藏注入的空气总量，可以为营养体系的优化、本源微生物驱油效果的评价提供有效研究手段，也可为现场注入方案设计提供依据。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种测最大耗氧量的背心式装置，包括数据采集模块、数据传输模块和数据分析模块，其中：数据采集模块，利用心电电极和呼吸面罩进行数据采集，包括双导联心电采集、呼出气体含量检测及单次呼吸气体流量测定；数据传输模块，通过蓝牙连接采集器主机和计算机适配器，在蓝牙范围外将数据采集模块采集的数据本地保存在采集器主机内，在蓝牙范围内将采集的数据实时传输至计算机；数据分析模块，接收数据传输模块上传的数据，对心电及气体含量进行结果判定，得出最大耗氧量。本发明采用无线遥测进行数据采集及数据传输，实现了无阻碍的情况下进行各项运动。

摘要： 本发明涉及智能水产养殖技术领域，具体涉及了一种基于计算机视觉识别的养殖对象耗氧量估算方法及系统。包括以下步骤：影像获取步骤：采集养殖对象在养殖区域内的影像数据；影像处理步骤：筛选影像数据中的关键数据，生成数据集；影像识别步骤：以数据集作为样本数据训练模型，将实时获取到的影像数据输入训练好的模型，输出养殖对象的数量和体型特征；影响分析步骤：获取养殖对象耗氧量影响因素对养殖对象耗氧量的影响情况，训练耗氧量分析模型，所述耗氧量影响因素包括养殖对象的数量以及体型特征；耗氧量预测步骤：将识别出的养殖对象数量以及体型特征输入已训练好的耗氧量分析模型，输出养殖对象耗氧量。能够对养殖对象的耗氧量进行估算。