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大额牛

大额牛的相关文献在1984年到2022年内共计94篇,主要集中在畜牧、动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂、动物学、生理学 等领域,其中期刊论文77篇、会议论文10篇、专利文献9159篇;相关期刊40种,包括思想战线、北京文学、动物学研究等; 相关会议9种,包括中国畜牧兽医学会家畜内科学分会第七届代表大会暨年学术研讨会、中国畜牧兽医学会动物繁殖学分会第十五届学术研讨会、第25届中国奶业协会繁殖学术年会暨第2届全国牛病防治学术研讨会等;大额牛的相关文献由193位作者贡献,包括和占星、黄必志、张继才等。

大额牛—发文量

期刊论文>

论文:77 占比:0.83%

会议论文>

论文:10 占比:0.11%

专利文献>

论文:9159 占比:99.06%

总计:9246篇

大额牛—发文趋势图

大额牛

-研究学者

  • 和占星
  • 黄必志
  • 张继才
  • 袁希平
  • 毛华明
  • 亐开兴
  • 赵家才
  • 王安奎
  • 王喆
  • 田允波
  • 期刊论文
  • 会议论文
  • 专利文献

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    • 摘要: 农业农村部首次明确家养畜禽种类33种5月29日,农业农村部发布公告,公布了经国务院批准的《国家畜禽遗传资源目录》(以下简称《目录》)。《目录》首次明确了家养畜禽种类33种,包括其地方品种、培育品种、引入品种及配套系。其中,传统畜禽17种,分别为猪、普通牛、瘤牛、水牛、牦牛、大额牛、绵羊、山羊、马、驴、骆驼、兔、鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、鹌鹑;特种畜禽16种,分别为梅花鹿、马鹿、驯鹿、羊驼、火鸡、珍珠鸡、雉鸡、鹧鸪、番鸭、绿头鸭、鸵鸟、鸸鹋、水貂(非食用)、银狐(非食用)、北极狐(非食用)、貉(非食用)。《目录》属于畜禽养殖的正面清单,列入《目录》的,按照《中华人民共和国畜牧法》管理。
    • 摘要: 5月29日,农业农村部发布公告,公布了经国务院批准的《国家畜禽遗传资源目录》(以下简称《目录》)。《目录》首次明确了家养畜禽种类33种,包括其地方品种、培育品种、引入品种及配套系。其中,传统畜禽17种,分别为猪、普通牛、瘤牛、水牛、牦牛、大额牛、绵羊、山羊、马、驴、骆驼、兔、鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、鹌鹑;特种畜禽16种,分别为梅花鹿、马鹿、驯鹿、羊驼、火鸡、珍珠鸡、雉鸡、鹧鸪、番鸭、绿头鸭、鸵鸟、鸸鹋、水貂(非食用)、银狐(非食用)、北极狐(非食用)、貉(非食用)。
    • 徐绍宏; 尹以昌; 陈伟; 梁杰; 李瑞生
    • 摘要: 本文主要总结云南德宏州引进大额牛进行驯化及其杂交优势利用、常规养殖及谷饲肉牛生产.大额牛在陇川驯养初期牛群平均体重为129.43 kg(♂82 kg,♀137.33 kg),然后进行常规驯养,每月定期进行驱虫和健胃;2岁平均体重为292.86 kg(♂289 kg,♀293.50 kg),日增重0.22 kg.谷饲育肥4头大额牛杂交牛,平均增重136.35 kg,平均日增重1.52 kg,盈利1480元/头.4头大额牛杂交牛平均屠宰率为52.53%,净肉率为43.30%.
    • 毛翔光; 朱新培; 赵家才; 杨彩云; 高玉琼; 何永富; 李雯; 张洁
    • 摘要: 大额牛为我国地方畜禽遗传资源濒危品种,目前仍处于半野生状态.为了进行大额牛种质资源保护,针对大额牛调教假阴道采精较为困难,对电刺激采精和假阴道采精的效果进行了比较研究.结果表明:电刺激法的采精量5.34 mL±2.36 mL,原精活力(56.25±14.20)%,精子密度7.33亿/mL±3.48亿/mL,解冻活力(35.95±1.04)%,采精成功率97.30%,可利用率64.44%;假阴道法的采精量4.38 mL±1.65 mL,原精活力(55.41±9.78)%,精子密度14.07亿/mL±5.06亿/mL,解冻活力(36.10±2.29)%,采精成功率88.00%,可利用率78.79%.说明电刺激法的采精成功率高,可有效地应用于大额牛种质资源的保护工作中.
    • 毛翔光; 赵家才; 杨彩云; 高玉琼; 何永富; 李雯; 张洁
    • 摘要: [目的]大额牛为我国地方畜禽遗传资源濒危品种,为了加强大额牛的保种力度,提高保种效率;本研究对影响大额牛精液质量的主要因素如采精方法、季节、个体遗传等进行了比较研究.[方法]大额牛用电刺激法和假阴道法采精,按照牛冷冻精液国家标准GB4143-2008的方法测定大额牛的采精量,精子密度,原精活力和冷冻精液解冻活力,用程控冷冻仪冷冻大额牛精液.[结果]大额牛冷冻精液解冻效果较好,采精量为5.009±2.239m}(n=226),原精活力为54.184±15.760%(n=223),精子密度为7.207±6.387亿/mL(n=225),解冻活力为36.007±2.092%(n=136).精子冷冻解冻复苏率达50%以上.大额牛电刺激采精成功率高.[结论]迁地保护条件下大额牛电刺激法采精获得很好效果,也能用假阴道法采精,精液冷冻解冻效果较好,有利于大额牛遗传物质的保存.
    • 毛翔光; 赵家才; 鲁增荣
    • 摘要: 文章对大额牛的起源、生产性能、等方面研究进展进行了系统总结回顾,对存在问题保护利用提出了建议,以期为大额牛今后重点研究的问题及方向提供依据.
    • 范有
    • 摘要: 一、蒙贝利亚牛 原产地及分布:蒙贝利亚牛原产地为法国东部的道布斯县。起源于一种原始的大额牛——印度野牛,由中欧的胭脂红花斑牛衍生而来。
    • 和占星; 袁希平; 王朋武; 罗在仁; 李春梅; 尹以昌; 亐开兴; 王安奎; 张继才; 黄必志
    • 摘要: 【目的】探讨大额牛(Bos frontalis)与黄牛(Bos taurus)种间杂交利用及杂交育种前景。【方法】以云南黄牛(大理黄牛、德宏黄牛,n=379)和西本杂(西门塔尔牛♂×云南黄牛♀,n=136)为母本,大额牛为父本,采用人工授精进行种间杂交。母牛在输精后约60 d,通过直肠检查进行妊娠诊断,并对妊娠母牛进行跟踪调查,统计产犊数,测定云南黄牛及杂种牛的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄和24月龄体重、体尺,观察调查杂种牛的主要外貌特征。【结果】①用大额牛冷冻精液累计输精515头母牛,平均受胎率和产犊率分别达73.98%和92.13%,其中黄牛母本的平均受胎率和产犊率分别为68.87%和90.81%,西本杂母本的受胎率和产犊率分别达88.24%和95.00%。②大西本杂(大额牛♂×西本杂♀)的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄和24月龄体重分别为22.86、103.86、142.40、176.21和243.25 kg,比云南黄牛的11.73、82.42、108.37、124.60和132.10 kg提高94.89%(P<0.01)、26.01%(P<0.01)、31.40%(P<0.01)、41.42%(P<0.01)和84.14%(P<0.01),比大本杂(大额牛♂×云南黄牛♀)的17.70、102.19、134.81、161.43和201.91 kg提高29.15%(P<0.01)、1.63%(P>0.05)、5.63%(P>0.05)、9.16%(P<0.05)和20.47%(P<0.01);大本杂的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄和24月龄体重亦分别比云南黄牛提高50.90%(P<0.05)、23.99%(P<0.01)、24.40%(P<0.01)、29.56%(P<0.01)和52.85%(P<0.01);大西本杂初生到24月龄的平均日增重为301.90 g,极显著高于大本杂的264.67 g和黄牛的164.89 g(P<0.01),大本杂平均日增重亦极显著高于云南黄牛(P<0.01);大本杂的初生、12月龄和24月龄体重的杂种优势率分别为28.21%、3.87%和4.20%,以初生重的杂种优势率最高。③初生时,大西本杂的体高和胸围分别比同龄云南黄牛提高8.38%(P<0.05)和8.34%(P<0.05),大本杂的体高和胸围分别比云南黄牛提高11.48%(P<0.05)和7.23%(P<0.05)。在6月龄,大西本杂的体高、胸围、腹围和管围分别比云南黄牛提高25.88%(P<0.05)、16.50%(P<0.05)、9.81%(P<0.05)和29.48%(P<0.05);大本杂的胸围、腹围和管围分别比云南黄牛提高10.89%(P<0.05)、11.10%(P<0.05)和21.23%(P<0.05)。在12月龄,大西本杂的体斜长、体高、胸围、腹围和管围分别比云南黄牛提高33.82%(P<0.05)、30.64%(P<0.05)、31.16%(P<0.01)、29.95%(P<0.01)和26.63%(P<0.05);大本杂的胸围、腹围和管围分别比云南黄牛提高11.41%(P<0.05)、13.34%(P<0.01)和21.86%(P<0.05);大西本杂的体斜长、体高、胸围、腹围分别比大本杂提高33.20%(P<0.05)、31.43%(P<0.05)、17.72%(P<0.01)和14.65%(P<0.01);在24月龄,大西本杂的体斜长、体高、胸围、腹围和管围分别比云南黄牛提高33.30%(P<0.01)、31.69%(P<0.01)、38.83%(P<0.01)、32.12%(P<0.01)和41.60%(P<0.05);大本杂的胸围、腹围和管围分别比云南黄牛提高22.69%(P<0.01)、24.42%(P<0.01)和40.92%(P<0.05);大西本杂的体斜长、体高、胸围分别比大本杂的明显提高38.72%(P<0.01)、27.83%(P<0.01)和13.16%(P<0.01)。表明杂种牛在初生时体高和胸围优势明显,6月龄以后以胸围、腹围和管围生长较为明显;特别是三元杂的体斜长、体高和胸围生长从12月龄开始明显地超过二元杂。④大额牛与大理黄牛杂交F1的初生体重显著高于大额牛与德宏黄牛杂交F1(P<0.05),但两者的各体尺指标比较差异不明显(P>0.05),表明大额牛与两地黄牛杂交效果基本一致。⑤成年杂种的外貌特征和主要习性与大额牛的非常相近。【结论】大额牛和云南黄牛种间杂交可行,杂种生长发育快,适应性强,杂种优势明显,且三元杂优于二元杂;F1代母牛可育,但公牛可能不育;大额牛与黄牛杂交利用潜力大,推广应用前景好。%[Objective]To investigate the utilization and prospects in crossbreeding between the Gayal (Bos frontalis) and Yellow cattle (Bos taurus).[Method]Interspecies crossbreeding were carried out on Yunnan yellow cattle(YY, n=379) and Simmental crossbred cattle (Simmental♂× Yunnan yellow cattle♀, SY, n=136) as the female parent inseminated artificially with frozen semen of Gayal. Pregnancy test of cow at about 60 days, number of calving were tracked, and body weight, body measurement, appearance characteristics of crossbred F1 were investigated.[Result]Results were showed that:① Rates of average conception and calving from 515 cows with frozen sperm of Gayal were 73.98% and 92.13%,thereinto rates of average conception and calving were 68.87% and 90.81% in YY, and 88.24% and 95% in SY, respectively.②The body weights of crossbred F1 (Gayal × SY, MSY) at birth, 6-month, 12-month, 18-month and 24-month of age were 22.86, 103.86, 142.4, 176.21 and 243.25 kg, respectively, which were 94.89%, 26.01%, 31.04%, 41.42%, and 84.14% significantly higher than those of YY(P005), 5.63%(P>0.05), 9.16%(P<0.05) and 20.47%(P<0.01) higher than those of MY; Body weights of crossbred F1(Gayal × Yunnan yellow cattle, MY) at birth, 6-month, 12-month, 18-month and 24-month of age were in turn 17.7, 102.19, 134.81, 161.43 and 201.91 kg, which were 50.90%, 23.99%, 24.40%, 36.83% and 52.85% significantly higher than those of YY(P<0.01 or 0.05); Average daily gain(ADG) of MSY from birth to 24-month age was 301.90 g, which was significantly higher than that of MY (264.67 g) and YY (164.89 g) (P<0.01), and ADG of MY was also significantly higher than that of YY(P<0.01); heterosis rates of birth, 12-month and 24-month age of MY were 28.21%, 3.87% and 4.20%, respectively, especially heterosis of birth stage was the highest, which was more distinct than that of other age stage.③Withers height and heart girth at birth were 59.09 and 60.09 cm in MSY and 60.78 and 59.15 cm in MY, which were significantly higher than those of YY(P<0.05); At 6 months of age, withers height, heart girth, abdomen girth and circumference of cannon bone of MSY were 106.47, 118.67, 125.18 and 13.66 cm, respectively, which were 25.88%, 16.50%, 9.81% and 29.48% higher than those of YY(P<0.05), and heart girth, abdomen girth and circumference of cannon bone of MY were 112.95, 126.65 and 12.79 cm, respectively, which were 10.89%, 11.10% and 21.23% higher than those of YY(P<0.05); At 12 months of age, body length, withers height, heart girth, abdomen girth and circumference of cannon bone of MSY were in turn 124.04, 125.00, 148.00, 165.08 and 14.60 cm, which were 33.82%(P<0.05), 30.64%(P<0.05), 31.16%(P<0.01), 29.95%(P<0.01) and 26.63%(P<0.05) higher than those of YY, and heart girth, abdomen girth and circumference of cannon bone of MY were 125.72, 143.98 and 14.05 cm, which were 11.41%(P<0.05), 13.34%(P<0.01) and 21.86%(P<0.05) higher than those of YY; body length, withers height, heart girth and abdomen girth of MSY were increase at 33.20%(P<0.05), 31.43%(P<0.05), 17.72%(P<0.01) and 14.65%(P<0.01) higher than those of MY; At 24 months of age, body length, height at withers, heart girth, abdomen girth and circumference of cannon bone of MSY were 147.00, 134.75, 163.50, 179.50 and 16.85 cm, respectively, which were 33.30%(P<0.01), 31.69%(P<0.01), 38.83%(P<0.01), 32.12%(P<0.01) and 41.60%(P<0.05) higher than those of YY; Heart girth, abdomen girth and circumference of cannon bone of MY were 144.49, 169.04 and 16.77, which were 22.69%(P<0.01), 24.42%(P<0.01) and 40.92%(P<0.05) higher than those of YY; Body length, height at withers and heart girth of MSY were increased at 38.72%, 27.83% and 13.16% higher than those of MY (P<0.01). It indicated crossbred F1 showed distinctly high on withers height and heart girth at birth, and distinctly advantages on heart grith, abdomen girth and circumference of cannon bone after 6 months of age, especially body length, withers height and heart girth of three-way crossing were more obvious growth than those of two-way crossing from the 12 months of age.④Birth weight of crossbred F1 from Gayal and Dali yellow cattle was significantly higher than that of crossbred F1 from Gayal and Dehong yellow cattle, and various body measurements were not significantly difference between two crossbred F1. It indicated the effect of crossbreed was basically the same between Gayal × Dali yellow cattle and Gayal×Dehong yellow cattle.⑤The mainly habit of adult crossbred F1 was highly the similar as Gayal.[Conclusion]The results showed that interspecies hybridization of Gayal and Yunnan yellow cattle is viable, which put up good character such as fast growth, strong adaptability, distinct heterosis. Especially, heterosis of three-way crossing was better than that of two-way crossing; Crossbred F1 cow was fertile ability, but the crossbred F1 male was maybe infertile. Finally, interspecies hybridization of Gayal and Yunnan yellow cattle was good at utilization potentiality, popularization and application.
    • 王喆; 赵志军; 李天平; 王安奎; 和霁恬; 高月娥; 和占星; 黄必志
    • 摘要: 研究旨在比较大额牛和婆罗门杂交后代(GBF1)与云岭牛肉品质,评估大额牛杂交利用潜能.选择年龄相近、性别相同的GBF1牛和云岭牛进行育肥、屠宰,采集100个肉样冻存.以肉质较好的云岭牛肉为对照,检测GBF1牛肉的剪切力、失水率、系水力、蒸煮损失.结果表明,GBF1牛肩峰剪切力显著高于云岭牛(P<0.05),其他部位肉剪切力两品种间没有显著差异(P>0.05).GBF1牛10个部位肉的平均剪切力、失水率、蒸煮损失分别为3.50 kg、24.15%、27.56%,低于云岭牛;平均系水力64.60%,高于云岭牛,但差异均不显著(P>0.05).由此可知,GBF1牛肉品质与云岭牛相似,且均较好.
    • 王晓敏; 许春华; 同号文
    • 摘要: 牛亚科动物在中国第四纪古人类遗址中十分常见,但其分类和鉴定仍存在诸多问题。南方洞穴动物群经常仅有单个牙齿保存,所以南方更新世洞穴遗址中牛亚科动物化石鉴别问题更为突出。湖北郧西白龙洞古人类遗址出土的大型牛亚科动物化石,不仅有大量单个牙齿,还有残破颅骨、角心、下颌骨及头后骨骼。白龙洞的牛亚科动物角心粗短、横截面呈背腹略扁的椭圆形;额骨上的角间隆突发育且呈拱形;顶骨从颅顶退出;枕面较圆且高;角后颅骨收缩强烈使得枕骨上部变窄,颞窝明显凹进;下颌角大于90°,下颌支向后倾斜;下颌p2的结构复杂程度介于水牛Bubalus和黄牛Bos(Bos)taurus之间。依据上述特征,可将白龙洞的大型牛亚科动物化石归入大额牛Bos(Bibos)gaurus。白龙洞是我国出土大额牛化石最为丰富的古人类遗址,为区分南方洞穴出土的牛亚科动物化石提供了重要材料。
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