星豹蛛

摘要： 【目的】探究星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1-4是否与其代谢溴氰菊酯有关。【方法】采用RT-PCR技术克隆星豹蛛4个羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1-4 cDNA序列,通过生物信息学软件分析其序列特性。采用RT-qPCR技术测定这4个羧酸酯酶基因在星豹蛛雌雄成蛛不同组织(头胸部、腹部和足)以及在不同浓度(LC_(10)=5.151 mg/L;LC_(30)=8.619 mg/L;LC_(50)=12.311 mg/L)溴氰菊酯胁迫12 h和LC_(30)浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫2,4,8,12,24和48 h雄成蛛中的相对表达水平。【结果】克隆获得星豹蛛羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1-4(GenBank登录号分别为MZ643212,MZ643214,MZ643215和MZ643216)的全长cDNA序列,开放阅读框(ORF)分别长1653,1803,1827和1818 bp,分别编码550,600,608和605个氨基酸。组织表达谱结果表明,PaCarE1和PaCarE2在星豹蛛雌雄成蛛腹部中的表达量最高,且在雄成蛛腹部中的表达量高于雌成蛛中的;PaCarE3和PaCarE4在雌雄成蛛头胸部中的表达量最高,且PaCarE3在雌成蛛头胸部中的表达量高于雄成蛛中的,PaCarE4在雄成蛛头胸部中的表达量高于雌成蛛中的。LC_(30)浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫12 h诱导了星豹蛛雄成蛛中PaCarE1的表达,LC_(10)和LC_(30)浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫12 h诱导了PaCarE2的表达。LC_(30)浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫不同时间后,与对照组(丙酮处理组)相比,星豹蛛雄成蛛中PaCarE4的表达量与对照组均无显著差异,而PaCarE1的表达量在处理后2,8和12 h,PaCarE2的表达量在处理后12 h,以及PaCarE3的表达量在处理后24 h显著上调。【结论】羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1,PaCarE2和PaCarE3可以被溴氰菊酯诱导表达,表明其可能参与星豹蛛对溴氰菊酯的代谢过程。本研究结果有助于了解星豹蛛对外源物质的代谢机理,为这一捕食性天敌的保护提供了新思路。

摘要： 星豹蛛(Pardosa astrigera)是长江和黄河流域多种生境中的优势蜘蛛之一,是害虫的重要捕食性天敌.深入了解星豹蛛的生物生态学特性,是科学利用其开展害虫生物防治的重要基础.本文从国内外星豹蛛研究现状出发,总结了星豹蛛生物生态学特性的已有研究成果,重点关注了星豹蛛的生活史、捕食效应、繁殖与发育以及环境因素对星豹蛛生长发育的影响,并建议今后应加强对星豹蛛的毒性、食性以及生态适应等方面的研究,揭示种群动态及适应性进化机制,以期为星豹蛛的保护与利用及有害生物的综合治理提供理论依据.

摘要： [目的]星豹蛛是农业害虫的重要捕食性天敌,本课题组通过转录组测序鉴定出66条星豹蛛细胞色素P450基因,筛选分析出5条基因预测其与外源物质代谢有关,选取其中一条基因进行克隆并进行生物信息学分析.[方法]本试验采用RT-PCR技术,将提取的星豹蛛总RNA进行反转录PCR扩增,用割胶回收的扩增产物完成克隆及测序,并对CYP3313A3基因编码产物进行生物信息学分析.[结果]克隆到CYP3313A3基因序列,该基因开放阅读框为906 bp,编码301个氨基酸,其相对分子质量为34.38 kDa,等电点6.12,原子总数4865,分子式C1546H2451N403O449S16;其中正电荷残基36个,占氨基酸总数的12％,负电荷残基39个,占氨基酸总数的13％,编码蛋白存在细胞色素P4503A亚族特征基序,其编码的蛋白的二级结构中,α螺旋为45.18％,β折叠为14.29％,β转角为3.32％,无规则卷曲为37.21％,亚细胞定位结果显示在内质网上.对其编码的蛋白进行信号肽预测结果显示,该蛋白存在信号肽;对该蛋白的跨膜结构预测分析,结果显示该蛋白不存在跨膜结构.[结论]获得的CYP3313A3基因属于CYP3家族,本研究对今后星豹蛛细胞色素P450基因的研究提供了研究基础.

摘要： 以结网型机敏异漏斗蛛Allagelena difficilis和角类肥蛛Larinioides cornuta以及游猎型星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera为研究对象, 分别测定比较不同生活型蜘蛛成蛛水分和脂类含量, 并比较3种蜘蛛在无水无食逆境下的耐受时间, 为探究不同生活型蜘蛛体内水分和脂类含量与其抗干旱和抗饥饿能力的关联提供依据.研究结果表明:机敏异漏斗蛛和星豹蛛体内含水量显著高于角类肥蛛, 但后2种蜘蛛体内脂含量显著高于机敏异漏斗蛛, 3种蜘蛛雌蛛脂含量显著高于雄蛛.在无水无食条件下, 机敏异漏斗蛛存活时间显著高于角类肥蛛和星豹蛛, 同时机敏异漏斗蛛和角类肥蛛雌蛛存活时间显著高于相应雄蛛.星豹蛛雌雄蛛的存活时间没有显著差异.蜘蛛生活习性和抗逆策略可能影响它们在逆境下的存活时间.%In order to shed some insights on the relationship between the water and lipid contents of spider species and their stress tolerance, we measured the body water content and lipid content of adult spiders, and compared their surviving time among two web-building spider species Allagelena difficilis and Larinioides cornuta and one wandering spider species Pardosa astrigera under the stress conditions without water ard food, respectively. Our results showed that the water contents of the spider A. difficilis and P. astrigera were significantly higher than that of the web-building spider L. cornuta. The lipid contents of L. cornuta and P.astrigera were significantly higher than that of A. difficilis. The lipid contents of females in both spider species A. difficilis and L. cornuta were significantly higher than those of their corresponding males, whereas there were no significant differences in lipid content between females and males in P. astrigera. Under the stress conditions without water nor food, the survival time of A. difficilis was significantly longer than those of L. cornuta and P.astrigera, and the survival time of females of the two web-building spider A. difficilis and L. cornuta was significantly longer than those of their males, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in survival time between females and males of the wandering spider P. astrigera.

摘要： 越来越多的研究发现,雄性产生精子(精液)也需付出代价.雄性除了依据配偶质量和竞争对手的竞争强度适应性调整生殖投入外,雄性在求偶和交配行为上也相应产生适应性反应,求偶和交配行为具有可塑性.目前雄性求偶和交配行为可塑性研究主要集中于雌性多次交配的类群中,在雌性单次交配的类群中研究甚少.以雌蛛一生只交配一次而雄蛛可多次交配的星豹蛛为研究对象,比较:(1)前一雄性拖丝上信息物质对后续雄蛛求偶和交配行为的影响,(2)雌雄不同性比对雄蛛求偶和交配行为的影响.研究结果表明,星豹蛛前一雄蛛拖丝上的信息物质对后续雄蛛求偶潜伏期、求偶持续时间和交配持续时间都没有显著影响,但前一雄蛛拖丝上的信息物质对后续雄蛛求偶强度有显著抑制作用.同时,性比对星豹蛛雄蛛求偶和交配行为都没有显著影响.可见,星豹蛛雄蛛对同种雄性拖丝上的化学信息可产生求偶行为的适应性调整,而对性比不产生适应性反应.%Male sperm or semen production is costly across diverse taxa.Consequently,depending on mate quality and the competitive intensity of rivals,males are predicted to adaptively invest their courtship and mating efforts to maximize their reproductive success,while prudently allocating their sperm.Presently,most studies on male plastic behavioral responses to rivals have mainly focused on polyandrous females.Recent studies provide evidence that male plastic behavioral responses are plentiful and varied,found in a wide range of taxa,and comprise behaviors that occur pre-or post-copulation.It is predicted that males altered aspects of their mating behavior when indirectly exposed to rival chemical cues,and directly exposed to the sex ratio or the presence,number,or density of rivals.Generally,males exhibit adaptively behavioral responses to rival cues to maximize their reproductive fitness.In contrast,we have limited information about male behavioral responses to rival cues in monandrous species.In the present study,we used the monandrous wolf spider,Pardosa astrigera,as a model system to test male plastic behavioral responses to rival chemical cues and different operational sex ratios.It is generally accepted that in wandering spiders,males depend on female silk-mediated chemical substances to search and locate mates.Besides encountering the silk of females of different periods,such as immature and mature virgin females,and mated females,males may also encounter male silk and a mix of female and male silk.Given that males gain mating opportunities via pre-copulatory mate choice,it is predicted that males may invest more courtship intensity in the silk of virgin females than those of males and/or a mix of female and male silk.When male P.astrigera individuals were exposed to the female silk previously occupied by themselves or other males,we compared the differences in male courtship latency,courtship duration,courtship intensity,and mating duration across mating treatments.Our results showed that male courtship intensity (foreleg raises per second and body shakes per second) was significantly reduced when they were exposed to female silk previously occupied by their own silk or by other males than female silk not previously occupied by males;however,there were no significant differences in male courtship latency,courtship duration,and mating duration.Although,when male P.astrigera individuals were directly exposed to different operational sex ratios,our results indicated that varied sex ratios showed a small effect on male courtship and mating behaviors.The present study concurs with our prediction,which shows that male P.astrigera possessed pre-copulatory adaptive responses to rival chemical cues,but showed limited plastic behavioral responses to operational sex ratios.To our knowledge,this is the first study to determine male plastic behavioral responses to conspecific rivals in monandrous spiders.

摘要： To find out the influence of herbicides on the behavior of spider Pardosa asteigera,residual films treated with three conventional herbicides,oxyfluorofen,fluoroglycofen and gramoxone,were used to identify their toxicity to P.astrigera.The influence of herbicides on the activities of P.astrigera was investigated in the field under natural conditions.The results showed that oxyfluorofen demonstrated the highest toxicity and gramoxone the lowest among the three herbicides tested,with the LC10 of fluoroglycofen at 6.75 g/L and oxyfluorofen at 1.09 g/L.High concentration (5.81～10.53 g/L) of oxyliuorfen had significant effect on the total walking distance and average walking speed for the males.The total walking distance of female and the maximum walking speed of male treated with 6.75 g/L fluoroglycofen were significantly lower than those of other fluoroglycofen treatments and 0.08 g/L fluoroglycofen treatment,respectively,but the two herbicides in each treatment had no significant difference with the control;the total walking distance,the maximum walking speed and average walking speed of male treated with 80.00 g/L gramoxone were significantly lower than control,which were 248.48 cm,12.03 cm/s and 0.83 cm/s,respectively;the maximum walking speed of female treated with 4.00～ 20.00 g/L gramoxone significantly decreased compared with 80.00 g/L gramoxone.The three herbicides showed different effects on the number of walking zones,and the males treated with 5.81 g/L fluoroglycofen decreased by 4.57 compared with the control,but the females increased by 2.20 compared with the control.The shortest time of P.astrigera for the males treated with 20.83 g/L fluoroglycofen was only 0.48 s in the central region,and the longest time for the females treated with 5.81 g/L oxyfluorofen was 15.94 s in the central region.The activity of the male and female spiders was weakened compared with the control,but the recommended dose was not significantly different from the control,indicating that the three kinds of herbicides had no significant effect on the activity of spiders at the recommended dose.%为明确除草剂对星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera活动行为的影响,采用药膜法测定乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚和百草枯3种常规除草剂对星豹蛛的毒力,应用旷野试验法研究除草剂对其活动行为的影响.结果表明:乙羧氟草醚对星豹蛛的LC10为6.75 g/L,乙氧氟草醚的LC10为1.09 g/L,3种除草剂对星豹蛛的毒力顺序为乙氧氟草醚＞乙羧氟草醚＞百草枯.高浓度(5.81～10.53 g/L)乙氧氟草醚处理后雄蛛的行走总路程和平均行走速度均较推荐浓度处理(0.07 g/L)显著降低,6.75 g/L乙羧氟草醚处理后雌蛛行走总路程较其余浓度处理显著降低、雄蛛最大行走速度较0.08 g/L浓度处理显著降低,但这2种除草剂各浓度处理均与对照无显著差异;80.00 g/L百草枯处理后雄蛛的行走总路程、最大行走速度和平均行走速度均较对照显著降低,分别为248.48 cm、12.03 cm/s和0.83 crm/s,4.00～20.00 g/L百草枯处理后雌蛛最大行走速度较80.00 g/L处理显著下降.5.81 g/L乙氧氟草醚处理后雄蛛行走区域数显著下降,较对照下降了4.57个,而雌蛛行走区域数则显著升高,较对照增加了2.20个.20.83 g/L乙羧氟草醚处理后雄蛛在中心区域停留时间最短,为0.48 s,占总时间的比例仅为0.16％,5.81 g/L乙氧氟草醚处理后雌蛛在中心区域停留时间最长,为15.94 s,占总时间的比例为5.31％.表明高浓度除草剂处理星豹蛛后对其活动行为影响显著,而推荐浓度处理后对其无显著影响,说明3种除草剂在推荐剂量下对星豹蛛相对安全.

摘要： 为探明除草剂对捕食性天敌星豹蛛体内过氧化氢酶活性的影响,采用药膜法测定了3种除草剂(百草枯、乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚)对星豹蛛体内的过氧化氢酶活性.结果表明,20 g·L-1百草枯处理后48 h、5 g·L-1乙氧氟草醚处理后48 h和34 g·L-1乙羧氟草醚处理后24 h对雌蛛过氧化氢酶的抑制效果与其他处理和对照组达到显著差异(P＜0.05),40 g·L-1百草枯处理后12 h、10 g·L-1乙氧氟草醚处理后24 h、6g·L-1乙羧氟草醚浓度处理后24h对雌蛛过氧化氢酶具有显著的激活作用(P＜0.05);而百草枯浓度20 g·L-1处理后24 h、6 g·L-1乙氧氟草醚5 g·L-1处理后12h、34 g·L-1乙羧氟草醚处理后24 h对雄蛛的酶活性抑制效果显著(P＜0.05),80 g· L-1百草枯处理后12h、0.08 g·L-1乙氧氟草醚处理后24 h、0.067 g·L-1乙羧氟草醚处理后12 h对雄蛛的酶活性起到明显的激活作用(P＜0.05);相同处理时间,各处理组的酶活性基本随浓度的增加呈先下降再上升的趋势.综合分析,蜘蛛在受到除草剂胁迫后,通过提高体内CAT酶活性,从而保护机体免受外源物质的伤害.

摘要： In order to clarify the enzyme reaction of plumbum and chromium stressed in pest enemy Pardosa astrigera . Feeding Pardosa astrigera 5 d ,10 d ,15 d ,20 d ,25 d on different concentration of plumbum and chromium which were sexual maturity from field collected .The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-trans-ferase in the Pardosa astrigera after treated with plumbum and chromium were evaluated in different concentrations and different times .The results showed that the activities of catalase were roughly the same change trend under two heavy metal stressed ,but they have different degree of change .The superoxide dismutase activities were higher than control and the change trend under the action of two kinds of heavy metal was different ,superoxide dismutase activity of plumbum stressed on the 10 d and 20 d appeared two peak values ,respectively was comparison of 3.112 7 ,4.178 5 , 2.992 4 and 1.175 8 ,1.132 2 ,1.249 3 fold .The other appeared one peak value at 20 d ,being 1.141 6 ,1.431 4 , 1.238 5-fold higher than that of the water control ,respectively .The activities of glutathione-S-transferase under the stress of plumbum were less than control ,only in low chromium stress concentration treatment of 20 d was significant-ly higher than control (P<0.05) .It was obvious that the activities of glutathione-S-transferase were inhibited ,and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced in the adult of Pardosa astrigera being treated with plumbum and chromium ,thus the important natural enemy can protect themselves .And enzyme activity changes asso-ciated with heavy metal species ,dose ,and duration .%为了探讨重金属铅、铬胁迫对害虫天敌星豹蛛 Pardosa astrigera L .Koch成蛛体内几种重要酶活性的影响 ,采取人工添毒法用不同浓度的重金属Pb2+ 、Cr6+溶液饲喂星豹蛛成蛛5d,10d,15d,20d,25d,研究不同浓度 ,不同时间段铅、铬胁迫下的星豹蛛体内过氧化氢酶CAT、超氧化物歧化酶SOD和谷胱甘肽-S -转移酶GST 的酶活性变化及其相关性.结果显示 ,铅、铬胁迫下 ,星豹蛛体内的过氧化氢酶CAT 活性变化趋势大致相同 ,但变化程度不同 ;超氧化物歧化酶SOD的活力大小均高于对照 ,且两种重金属作用下的变化趋势不同 ,铅(200 ,400 ,1 000 mg·L -1 )胁迫下SOD活性在 10 d和 20 d出现两个高峰值 ,分别是对照的 3. 112 7、4. 178 5、2. 992 4 和 1. 175 8、1. 132 2、1.249 3倍 ,铬(0.25 ,0.5 ,2.5 mg·L -1 )胁迫下在20 d达到高峰值 ,为对照的1.141 6、1.431 4、1.238 5倍 ;谷胱甘肽-S -转移酶GST的酶活性在铅胁迫下均小于对照 ,铬胁迫下只在低浓度(0.25 ,0.5 mg·L -1 )处理下作用20 d显著高于对照(P<0.05).可见 ,重金属铅、铬胁迫下 ,总体上是抑制了星豹蛛体内GST的活力 ,激活了CAT和SOD的酶活力 ,从而达到保护自身的作用.而且这三种酶活力的变化与重金属的种类、剂量和作用时间密切相关.

摘要： 通过比较狼蛛科豹蛛属的星豹蛛和拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛分别在两种雌蛛释放的拖丝上的求偶行为差异，验证两种豹蛛雌蛛拖丝上化学信息物质在物种识别中的作用。研究发现，两种雄性豹蛛在同种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶潜伏时间都显著短于在异种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶潜伏时间，两种雄性豹蛛在同种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶强度都显著强于异种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶强度。可见雄性豹蛛能通过雌蛛拖丝上的化学信息物质进行种内识别。%Chemical signals play important roles on species recognition,mate recognition and mate assessment. Current research in Lycosidae most focuses on the dragline-mediated chemical cues in mate recognition and mate assessment.Depending on the dragline-mediated chemical cues,male wolf spiders are able to discriminate sex,developmental period and female mating status. In the present study,in order to investigate whether male wolf spiders could discriminate conspecific females through female dragline-mediated chemical cues,we compared male courtship behaviour when males were exposed to the draglines from conspecific and heterospecific females between the two closely related species (Pardosa astrigera and P. pseudoannulata). Our results indicated that male courtship latency was significantly delayed and courtship intensity substantially decreased when the male wolf spiders were exposed to the draglines of heterospecifics females compared with those of conspecifics females. Male wolf spiders of P. astrigera and P. pseudoannulata are capable of chemically discriminating between conspecifics and heterospecifics females.

摘要： 蜘蛛尤其是三突花蛛Misumenops tricuspidatus和星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera L.Koch是十字花科菜田重要捕食性天敌,在湖北荆州涝渍菜田也具有一定优势,且有研究表明星豹蛛对一至二龄东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis 蝗蝻捕食作用佳.因此探讨三突花蛛和星豹蛛对于控制涝渍地菜田短额负蝗的应用价值和研究如何较好发挥这两种蜘蛛的控制作用具有必要性。而该方面的研究来见报道.故作者研究并报道其对湿地菜田短额负蝗的捕食功能反应、寻找效应及种内干扰和竞争.

摘要： 以果蝇作为对照食物，对比研究了腐食酪螨对三突花蛛、卡氏毛园蛛的存活、体重增长以及对星豹蛛二龄幼蛛生长发育的影响。结果表明：用腐食酪螨饲养三突花蛛时，蜘蛛的存活率显著低于用果蝇饲养的蜘蛛。同时，以腐食酪螨为食物时，三突花蛛和卡氏毛园蛛的体重增长也显著低于用果蝇喂养的蜘蛛。食物对星豹蛛二龄幼蛛的存活、蜕皮历期和蜕皮率均有显著影响，除成活率外，腐食酪螨饲养蜘蛛的效果均比果蝇差。腐食酪螨可能不适合作为蜘蛛的食物。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛D家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛D家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑5所示；拟环纹豹蛛D家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.11‑15所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛F家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛F家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑7所示；拟环纹豹蛛F家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.15‑21所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛A家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛A家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑5所示；拟环纹豹蛛A家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.11‑15所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛E家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛E家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑4所示；拟环纹豹蛛E家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.9‑12所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛B家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛B家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑3所示；拟环纹豹蛛B家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.7‑9所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛C家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛C家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑3所示；拟环纹豹蛛C家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.7‑9所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明提供一种去除拟环纹豹蛛体毛的装置及方法，包括一握杆，所述握杆由对称设置的半弧柱体构成，所述半弧柱体一端设有T字形的凹槽，一昆虫针包括具有与凹槽形状相符的嵌合部，于嵌合部谷底连接延伸至握杆外侧的针尖部，所述半弧柱体通过固定装置连接，本发明提供了一简单去除拟环纹豹蛛外雌器体毛的方法并利用可更换刀片和昆虫针的工具方便地实现操作，也利于后续工具的更换。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛F家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛F家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑7所示；拟环纹豹蛛F家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.15‑21所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种拟环纹豹蛛A家族杀虫基因及其编码的成熟肽与应用，该拟环纹豹蛛A家族杀虫基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1‑5所示；拟环纹豹蛛A家族杀虫基因编码的成熟肽的氨基酸如SEQ ID NO.11‑15所示。本发明利用生物信息学分析方法，对拟环纹豹蛛转录组数据库中的基因进行筛选，获得一类相似的拟环纹豹蛛毒素的候选基因，将该基因构建到原核表达载体pET‑32a(+)中，即可获得该基因编码的杀虫肽，该杀虫肽作为全新的杀虫基因资源，具有不同于Bt毒素的杀虫机制，对拓展具有生物活性的新型杀虫基因资源，降低现有Bt毒素广泛使用存在的各类安全风险，减少杀虫剂的使用具有重要的科学及现实意义。

摘要： 本发明的目的是提供一种适用于4‑7月播种的大白菜田间释放星豹蛛的方法，1、大白菜播种后，每亩投放七龄的星豹蛛，雌雄比例无限制；2、间苗期间中耕除草时，在植株行距中心部开设一条V型浅沟，并每亩地投放七龄的星豹蛛，雌雄比例5:1～7：1；3、定苗后，每亩投放七龄的雄性星豹蛛；4、进入大白菜莲座期时，每亩投入四龄以上的星豹蛛，雌雄比例4:1；5、进入大白菜结球期时，在行间间隔设置干草，铺设好后，每亩投入七龄的星豹蛛，雌雄比例不限，投放15日后，再次投入七龄的星豹蛛。本发明方法利用星豹蛛的合理投放，降低病虫害对大白菜的侵袭，从而达到降低农药使用，保证农产品质量的目的。