摘要：
为了改善螺栓连接结构的连接性能,以螺栓连接结合面作为研究对象,针对结合面接触压力分布以及有效接触面积,对结合面形状进行了主动设计研究.首先,利用有限元方法,将弹性体的接触界面离散化,从接触界面节点出发,建立了弹性接触问题数学模型,将界面节点处的接触间隙和接触压力的关系转化为数学规划问题.然后,利用该模型,提出一种以螺栓接触压力分布或有效接触面积等接触性能作为设计目标的螺栓连接结合面形状主动设计方法,通过改变结合面的表面形状即表面各节点处的接触间隙,实现改善螺栓连接接触性能的效果.最后,借助ANSYS参数化设计语言,将设计方法流程化,建立了单螺栓连接、法兰盘连接的分析案例,对主动设计以及增加连接件厚度的方法进行了对比分析.结果表明,该设计方法可降低接触压力的峰值和分布离散度,增加有效接触面积,与增加连接件厚度的方法相比,在同样的接触性能目标下还能保证连接结构的固有频率不下降,从而验证了所提主动设计方法的可行性和有效性.%To improve the performance of bolt connection,bolted joint surface is taken as the object,and optimization design for the joint surface shape is completed according to the distribution of contact pressure and the size of effective contact area.Finite element method is used to discretize the elastic contact interface,the elastic contact model is established from the contact interface node.The relationship between contact gap and contact pressure at nodes is transformed into a mathematical programming problem.Regarding the contact performance as the objective,an optimization design method for bolted connection is proposed to homogenize the contact pressure and expand the effective contact area by changing the shape of the joint surface.The design scheme is processed by ANSYS parametric design language and the analysis cases include single holt connection and flange connection.It indicates that the proposed scheme can reduce the peak and dispersion of the contact pressure and increase the effective contact area.Compared with the method by increasing the thickness of the connecting member,the proposed scheme also ensures that the natural frequency of the connecting structure does not lower.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization design are verified by these cases.
