摘要:
目的 观察玻璃体切割手术联合眼内窥镜下睫状体激光光凝(ECP)治疗难治性青光眼的疗效.方法 临床诊断为难治性青光眼患者28例30只眼纳入研究.患眼眼压为28~58 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),平均眼压为(46.3±10.3) mmHg.视力<0.05者24只眼,0.05~0.08者1只眼,≥0.1者5只眼.患眼平均使用降眼压药物4种.所有患眼均行玻璃体切割手术联合ECP治疗.手术中激光光凝范围为90°~360°,平均激光光凝范围为(232.5±77.6)°.激光光凝范围<180°4只眼、180°~270°6只眼、>270°20只眼.手术后随访时间12~20个月,平均随访时间15.2个月.对比分析手术前后眼压、视力和药物使用数量的改变情况.观察手术中及手术后并发症的发生情况,分析不同激光光凝范围与手术后眼压下降幅度的关系.结果 末次随访时,患眼眼压为12~36 mmHg,平均眼压为(18.5±4.4) mmHg,较治疗前下降了49.4%.手术前与末次随访时患眼眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(t=15.537,P<0.01).30只眼中,未使用任何降眼压药物眼压≤21 mmHg 24只眼,占80.0%;应用局部降眼压药物眼压≤21 mmHg1只眼,占3.3%;眼压仍不能有效控制,但较治疗前有不同程度下降5只眼,占16.7%.视力<0.05者15只眼,0.05~0.08者3只眼,≥0.1者12只眼.手术前后视力分布情况比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=6.197,P>0.05).30只眼中,末次随访时视力较手术前视力提高8只眼,占26.7%;视力无改变15只眼,占50.0%;视力降低7只眼,占23.3%.患眼平均使用降眼压药物1种.手术前后平均使用降眼压药物数量比较,差异有统计学意义(t=8.402,P<0.01).相关性分析结果显示,手术中激光光凝范围越大,手术后患眼眼压下降越明显,两者呈正相关(r=4.160,P<0.05).所有患眼手术中均未出现悬韧带断裂、角膜穿孔等并发症.手术后除有轻微炎症反应外,所有患眼随访期间均未出现人工晶状体偏位或脱位、眼压过低、视网膜脱离、脉络膜上腔出血、眼内炎、交感性眼炎或眼球萎缩等并发症.结论 玻璃体切割手术联合ECP治疗难治性青光眼可降低患眼眼压,稳定或提高视力.%Objective To observe the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) for refractory glaucoma.Methods Twenty-eight patients (30 eyes) diagnosed with refractory glaucoma were enrolled in this study.The intraocular pressure was ranged from 28 to 55 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),with the mean of (46.3±10.3) mmHg.There were 24 eyes with initial visual acuity <0.05,1 eye with 0.05-0.08 initial visual acuity and 5 eyes with ≥0.1 initial visual acuity.The mean number of intraocular pressure-decreased drugs was 4.All the eyes underwent PPV combined with ECP.The cyclophotocoagulation ranged from 90°-360°,with the mean of (232.5 ±77.6)°.The cyclophotocoagulation was <180° in 4 eyes,180°-270° in 6 eyes,>270° in 20 eyes.The follow-up ranged from 12 to 20 months,with the mean of 15.2 months.The intraocular pressure,vision and the mean number of intraocular pressure decreased drugs before and after surgery were comparatively observed.The relationship between cyclophotocoagulation area and postoperative intraocular pressure was analyzed.Results At the final follow up,the intraocular pressure ranged from 12 to 36 mmHg,with the mean of (18.5± 4.4) mmHg,which decreased 49.4% compared with preoperative intraocular pressure (t=15.537,P< 0.01).Among 30 eyes,the intraocular pressure was ≤ 21 mmHg without any intraocular pressuredecreased drugs in 24 eyes (80.0%),1 eye (3.3%) with ≤21 mmHg who treatment by local intraocular pressure decreased drugs,lose control of intraocular pressure in 5 eyes (16.7%).The vision was <0.05 in 15 eyes,0.05-0.08 in 3 eyes and ≥0.1 in 12 eyes.The difference of vision distribution before and after surgery was not significant (x2=6.197,P>0.05).Compared with preoperative vision,the postoperative vision was improved in 8 eyes (26.7%),stabled in 15 eyes (50.0%),decreased in 7 eyes (23.3%).The mean number of intraocular pressure-decreased drugs was reduced from 4 to 1 (t=8.402,P<0.01).The cyclophotocoagulation area was positive related to postoperative intraocular pressure (r=4.160,P<0.05).There were no ocular and systemic complications during and after surgery except slight inflammation.Conclusion PPV combined with ECP for refractory glaucoma can reduce intraocular pressure,stabilize or improve the visual acuity.