摘要:
Objective The study aimed to evaluate the short and middle term results in the patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) after one-stage repair and staged repair.Methods A total of 459 TOF younger children less than five-year-old between January 2009 and December 2013 had received surgical repair,including 416 patients by one-stage repair(group Ⅰ)and 43 patients by staged repair(group Ⅱ).Among them,245 were male and 214 were female.The average repair surgical age was 27.8 ranged from 4 to 60 months,average palliation age was 15.4 ranged from 3 to 40 months.23 perioperative and follow-up parameters were assessed including sex,age,weight,preoperative clinic symptom,ratio of McGoon,pulmonary artery index,Z score of pulmonary annulus,cardiopulmonary bypass time,aortic cross-clamping time,type of VSD repair,type of RVOT procedure,Peak RV/LV pressure radio,RV-PA pressure grade,mortality,severely low cardiac output syndrome,hypoxemia,extubation time,ICU time,fellow-up time,left ventricular eject faction,RV index of myocardial performance (MPI),tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE) and pulmonary regurgitation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,age and weight were significantly lower in patients in group Ⅱ[(19.1 ± 16.4) months vs.(21.1 ± 11.2) months,P < 0.05) and(19.1 ±16.4) kgvs.(21.1 ±11.2) kg,P <0.01].The Z score of pulmonary annulus of patients in group Ⅱ were significantly less than those in group Ⅰ (-3.69 ± 2.36 vs.-2.50 ± 1.95,P < 0.01).The ratio of repairing VSD by RV incision and using TAP in patient of group Ⅱ were significantly more than those in group(27/43 vs.71/413,P <0.01),(41/43 vs.221/413,P <0.01).There was no difference of mortality,complication,extubation time and ICU time bewteen two groups.All patients followed up 12-52 months,there was no difference of LVEF,MPI and TAPSE between two groups.However,the severity of pulmonary regurgitation in patients of group Ⅱ was significant more than those of group Ⅰ (47.6% vs.32.1%,P < 0.01).Conclusion The early and mid-term results in the the young children patients with TOF after one-stage repair or staged repair were good.Although the prior palliative shunt could promote the development of the hypoplasia pulmonary arteries in the young children patient,it may related to the technique of repairing operations and the postoperative pulmonary regurgitation.%目的 比较法洛四联症(TOF)一期和分期矫治手术的手术技术和早、中期效果.方法 2009年1月至2013年12月共完成459例5岁以下的TOF矫治手术,其中一期矫治手术416例(组Ⅰ),分期矫治手术43例(组Ⅱ);男245例,女214例;行矫治手术年龄4~60个月,平均27.8个月,姑息手术年龄3~40个月,平均15.4月.比较两组患儿围手术期和随访期间性别、年龄、体质量、术前临床症状、McGoon比值、肺动脉指数(PAI)、肺动脉环Z值、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、室间隔缺损的修复方式、右心室流出道处理方式、术后右心室/左心室压比值、术后跨瓣压差、术后死亡、严重低心排综合征、低氧血症、呼吸机辅助时间、ICU时间、随访时间、随访期间左心室射血分数(LVEF)、右心室心肌作功指数(MPI)、三尖瓣环收缩期移位、肺动脉瓣反流(PR)等23个.结果 组Ⅱ患者矫治手术时的年龄[(19.1±16.4)个月对(21.1±11.2)个月,P<0.05)]、体质量[(19.1 ±16.4) kg对(21.1±11.2) kg,P<0.01)]、肺动脉环Z值(-3.69 ±2.36对-2.50±1.95,P<0.01)明显小于组Ⅰ.组Ⅱ患者术中经右心室切口修复VSD的比率(63.0%对17.2%,P<0.01)和采用跨肺动脉瓣环补片加宽的比率(95.3%对53.5%,P<0.01)明显高于组Ⅰ.两组间术后死亡比例、并发症发生率,呼吸机辅助时间和ICU滞留时间差异无统计学意义.随访12~ 52个月,两组患者LVEF、三尖瓣环收缩期移位和右心室MPI差异无统计学意义,组Ⅱ患者肺动脉瓣重度反流比率明显大于组Ⅰ(47.6%对32.1%,P<0.01).结论 一期和分期矫治婴幼儿TOF的早中期效果均满意的.对于肺血管发育不良的患者,分期矫治手术可以降低死亡比例,减少术后严重并发症,但也影响二期矫治手术的方式,影响术后远期的肺动脉反流情况.