ADHD

摘要： 功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)是利用近红外光对大脑皮质的激活情况进行检测的光学检测手段,该技术具有时空分辨率较高、无创性、方便携带、可重复测量以及与其他的脑功能成像技术有较好的兼容性等优势,在临床中可以较好应用于儿童保健门诊,针对注意缺陷多动障碍、孤独症谱系障碍、全面发育迟缓、语言障碍等儿童开展fNIRS监测既可以探讨相关疾病的发病机理,也能够为临床诊疗提供客观的生物学证据。

摘要： 对注意力缺陷多动障碍症(ADHD)受试者的准确识别一直是神经科学研究和临床诊断的挑战。基于更好的区分正常人和患者这一目的,文中采用了一种基于字典学习和长短期记忆(Long Short Term Memory,LSTM)网络的Di-LSTM算法,通过利用快速独立成分分析(Fast Independent Component Analysis,FastICA)初始化的在线字典学习,获得相应时间序列并且结合LSTM进行分类实验,实验结果表明,所提方法分类准确率达到了79.01%,特异性为88.9%,灵敏度为62.7%,说明该方法对于识别ADHD患者有所帮助,具有较好的应用前景。

摘要： Fidget spinners have been marketed as repetitive motion devices that improve attention and motor performance, and as such, they have become quite appealing to individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). To date, no studies have explored changes in brain activity that may occur due to fidgeting in ADHD. Our aim was to use functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the performance of a standardized fine motor skills test after using a fidget spinner. Eight right-handed adults with ADHD and eight age and gender matched adults without ADHD (4F/4M, 4 control/4 fidget) performed the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) while their brain oxygenation was monitored using fNIRS. Relative neural efficiency (RNE) and involvement (RNI) were calculated and analyzed for all subtasks of PPT including the less cognitively demanding fine motor subtasks and more complex assembly tasks. The fidget spinner improved both task performance and RNE in the ADHD group but not the non-ADHD group for the less cognitively demanding subtasks. Our results indicate Fidget spinners may improve both relative neural efficiency and fine motor performance in adults with ADHD for less cognitively demanding tasks.

摘要： 本设备为一种基于脑电波检测的儿童注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)辅助治疗设备,利用脑电波分析仪采集信号,通过蓝牙与主控之间进行通信,主控为STM32单片机,在接收到信号后通过数据处理算法对数据进行处理后,通过I/O输出为PWM方波,专注力的强度即为占空比,采集到的专注力信号越强占空比越高。为了确定是否达到治疗效果,我们以正常儿童注意力的PWM波的占空比为一个常量,治疗儿童的PWM波的占空比为变量,用变量和常量的PWM波分别控制2个机器人进行同方向运动,设置一定的路程,2个机器人同时运动,在一定路程中比较2个机器人到达终点的时间。该方法能够使孩子在娱乐中,自然的完成对ADHD的训练,据实验数据可以看出,有较好的治疗效果。

摘要： 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种起病于儿童时期、以与发育水平不相符的注意缺陷、多动和冲动为主要表现的神经发育障碍。据《中国注意力缺陷多动障碍防治指南》显示,全球约有6%~9%的学龄儿童受ADHD所累,中国ADHD患病率为6.3%,患儿数量超过2300万,而就诊率却仅为10%。

摘要： Introduction:ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence.Although the disorder starts to manifest early in childhood,a significant proportion of cases often persists into adulthood.ADHD negatively and significantly impacts social and occupational functioning and academic performance.A number of extant theories and scientific evidence provide insight into the genesis and manifestations of ADHD and the attendant challenges of significant dysfunction that individuals may encounter at home,school,and the workplace.Method:This systematic review was conducted through a literature search for published peer-reviewed articles using standard PRISMA guidelines.The goal of the study was to explore current theories,models,concepts,and risk factors about ADHD published in peer-reviewed literature.We made use of use several online databases-including PsycINFO,PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Medline in the process of searching for relevant studies.Relevant peer-reviewed publications since the 1980s when the term Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)was introduced in DSM-III-R were included.Non-peer-reviewed publications,including dissertations,editorials,commentaries,and materials published in languages other than English were excluded.Results and Discussion:The results of the review indicated that ADHD is characterized by a behavioral reaction that interferes with personal and social functioning.The factors associated with ADHD fall into several major thematic areas,including genetic and hereditary factors;dietary and nutritional factors;parenting and behavioral factors;adverse early life events,and high-risk environmental factors,crystallized by a number of developmental and behavioral theories.The review also identified a number of extant models and theories that attempt to explain the diverse perspectives associated with ADHD.Conclusions:This study has attempted to identify the major risk factors and diverse models and theories associated with ADHD.The thematic risk factors include genetic and hereditary factors;dietary and nutritional factors;parenting and behavioral factors;adverse early life events,and high-risk environmental factors.The most prominent models identified include the biomedical model and the bio-psycho-social models,the latter being a more holistic approach which aims to treat both the patient and the disease.This review would provide an additional evidence base to individuals,families,and educators to make informed choices and decisions in the best interest of the affected children,including their personal growth,healthcare,and medical needs,academic performance,and social skills development.

摘要： 目的 探讨重复经颅磁刺激联合感觉统合训练治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的临床效果。方法 选择2019年10月—2021年9月本院收治的69例ADHD患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为感觉统合(SI)组、重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)组和联合组,每组各23例。SI组给予针对性的感觉统合训练,rTMS组以10Hz高频刺激右侧背外侧前额叶皮质,联合组先进行SI训练,随后以rTMS刺激。三组治疗持续12周。治疗前后以Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ),中文版斯诺佩第4版评估量表(SNAP-Ⅳ)和视听整合持续操作测试(IVA-CPT)进行疗效评估。结果 治疗12周后,三组患儿PSQ评分和SNAP-Ⅳ评分各因子分较治疗前均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。IVA-CPT评分较治疗前显著提升,联合组各因子分均优于SI组和rTMS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 重复经颅磁刺激联合感觉统合训练可显著改善ADHD儿童的核心症状,提高抑制控制能力,增强注意力水平,且效果优于单一疗法。

摘要： Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most common psychiatric and neurobehavioral disorders in children,affecting 11%of children worldwide.This study aimed to propose a machine learning(ML)-based algorithm for discriminating ADHD from healthy children using their electroencephalography(EEG)signals.The study included 61 children with ADHD and 60 healthy children aged 7–12 years.Different morphological and time-domain features were extracted from EEG signals.The t-test(p-value<0.05)and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)were used to select potential features of children with ADHD and enhance the classification accuracy.The selected potential features were used in four ML-based algorithms,including support vector machine(SVM),k-nearest neighbors,multilayer perceptron(MLP),and logistic regression,to classify ADHD and healthy children.The overall prevalence of boys and girls with ADHD was 48.9%and 56.5%,respectively.The average age of children with ADHD was 9.6±1.8 years.Our results illustrated that the combination of LASSO with SVM classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 94.2%,sensitivity of 93.3%,F1-score of 91.9%,and AUC of 0.964.Our results also illustrated that MLP was the second-best ML-based classifier,which gave 93.4%accuracy,91.7%sensitivity,91.1%F1-score,and 0.960 AUC.The findings indicated that the combination of the LASSO-based feature selection method and SVM classifier can be a useful tool for selecting reliable/potential features and classifying ADHD and healthy children.Our proposed ML-based algorithms could be useful for the early diagnosis of children with ADHD.

摘要： 随着人们对ADHD儿童的深入了解和对运动干预的广泛认可,运用不同运动项目对ADHD儿童进行干预的研究也在逐渐增多,该文主要采用文献资料法对相关文献进行搜集整理,分别从目前国内外流行的武术、瑜伽、球类、定向运动和运动游戏等运动项目对ADHD患儿进行干预的特点与优势进行分析归纳,为今后的研究提供参考依据。

摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a neuropsychopedagogical parenting program (NPP) on the cognitive and motor development of children with ADHD. 70 children with ADHD participated in the present study, of both sexes, aged between 06 and 08 years old (7.08 years old), who were divided into two groups: (A—35 children with ADHD who did not undergo the NPP;B—35 children with ADHD who underwent the NPP). The NPP had a duration of 25 sessions of 15 minutes each, at a frequency of 3 times a week. To evaluate the effects of the NPP, the children were submitted to the following protocols: 1) Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionaire (SNAP-IV);2) Assessment of Motor Competence through the Supine-to Stand (STS);3) Assessment of executive functioning through the HEAD-FOOT-KNEE- SHOULDER (HFKS) protocol;4) Assessment of Reading Comprehension. Both groups were evaluated before the NPP, after the NPP and four months after the end of the NPP. Our results show that GB children in the signs/ symptoms evaluated by SNAP-IV had a superior performance by ±11% (p < 0.01) in relation to GA children. Regarding motor competence, the children from GB had a superior performance by ±24% (p < 0.01) in relation to children from GA. When assessed for executive functioning when establishing an intergroup comparison, GB children performed ±23% better (p < 0.01) than GA children. Regarding reading ability, children from (GB) had a superior performance by ±9% (p < 0.05) compared to children from (GA), after undergoing the NPP.

摘要： 本公开提供了一种口服药物剂型，包括：(a)混合ADHD非兴奋剂的可溶蚀材料；和(b)混合ADHD兴奋剂的可溶蚀材料，其中所述混合ADHD非兴奋剂的可溶蚀材料被包埋在基质材料中，并且当暴露于胃肠液时，其中所述ADHD非兴奋剂按照非兴奋剂的目标释放曲线进行释放，而ADHD兴奋剂按照兴奋剂的目标释放曲线进行释放。在一些实施方式中，所述ADHD非兴奋剂按照缓释曲线释放。在一些实施方式中，所述ADHD兴奋剂按照速释曲线释放。本公开所述的口服药物剂型可用于治疗注意力缺陷多动症(ADHD)。本公开还提供了所述口服药物剂型的设计和制备方法。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于脑连接对偶子空间学习的ADHD分类诊断方法，首先对测试数据做不同的类别假设标注，并将已进行假设标注的测试数据和训练数据一起参与典型脑连接特征选择过程，获得测试数据在不同假设下对应训练数据的典型脑连接特征，随后分别对测试数据不同假设下对应训练数据的典型脑连接特征进行对偶子空间学习，计算对应假设下训练数据典型脑连接特征在对偶子空间上的能量和。比较在测试数据不同假设下训练数据典型脑连接特征在对偶子空间上能量和的大小，并选取能量和大的对应假设作为测试数据的真实假设，从而确定测试数据所属个体为ADHD疾病或健康个体，最终完成ADHD疾病诊断分类过程。本发明分类准确率约为90%，优于现有的多种分类诊断方法。

摘要： 本公开提供了一种口服药物剂型，包括：(a)混合ADHD非兴奋剂的可溶蚀材料；和(b)混合ADHD兴奋剂的可溶蚀材料，其中所述混合ADHD非兴奋剂的可溶蚀材料被包埋在基质材料中，并且当暴露于胃肠液时，其中所述ADHD非兴奋剂按照非兴奋剂的目标释放曲线进行释放，而ADHD兴奋剂按照兴奋剂的目标释放曲线进行释放。在一些实施方式中，所述ADHD非兴奋剂按照缓释曲线释放。在一些实施方式中，所述ADHD兴奋剂按照速释曲线释放。本公开所述的口服药物剂型可用于治疗注意力缺陷多动症(ADHD)。本公开还提供了所述口服药物剂型的设计和制备方法。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种基于加权和策略分布式算法的ADHD病例分类方法及装置，涉及机器学习技术领域。包括：本发明使用fMRI数据与分类技术，并提出了一种基于加权策略的分布式多目标优化方法，并将其应用于二分类的ADHD软间隔支持向量机。利用加权和法将多目标支持向量机转化为单目标优化问题，然后利用分布式方法进行迭代求解，该方法能有效地处理多性能指标的SVM，通过多智能体系统之间的协作和协调提高优化效率，很好地对数据分布在不同服务主机下的ADHD分类问题进行求解。由于rs‑fMRI在精神疾病的分析中显示出其特有的优势，不仅可以用于ADHD的分类，还可以用于精神分裂症和老年痴呆症病例的分类。

摘要： 本发明公开了一组用于诊断注意力缺陷多动障碍合并抽动障碍的代谢标志物，所述代谢标志物包括FAPy‑腺嘌呤、N‑乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸、多巴胺‑4‑硫酸盐、氨基己酸、天冬酰胺‑亮氨酸中的一种或多种，并将其用于制备注意力缺陷多动障碍合并抽动障碍的早期筛查和诊断产品；利用本发明的代谢标志物对注意力缺陷多动障碍合并抽动障碍进行早期筛查和诊断，具有高的特异性和灵敏度，同时对后续临床应用研究的开展具有指导意义。

摘要： 本申请公开了一种ADHD致病皮下核团预测方法，系统、装置与存储介质，其中方法包括以下步骤：获取各亚型ADHD病例的第一磁共振图像数据集、正常儿童皮下核团的第二磁共振图像数据集以及各亚型病例的第一量表数据；对第一磁共振图像数据集和第二磁共振图像数据集进行皮下核团的结构共变分析，得到第一异常皮下核团；根据第一异常皮下核团的两个皮下脑区体积，得到第一贡献分数；根据第一贡献分数和第一量表数据，得到训练好的预测回归模型；将待预测的ADHD病例的第一磁共振图像输入至预测回归模型，得到皮下核团的预测结果。本方法可以为临床治疗和康复决策提供有效性科学依据。本申请可广泛应用于医学技术领域内。

摘要： 本发明提出一种基于异质图的ADHD智能决策支持方法和系统，包括：通过多个运动传感器同时采集受试者在ADHD测试过程中的运动数据；将该运动数据在同一时间窗口内各运动传感器的单通道连续时序数据转置后作为各节点的特征，将各运动传感器数据通道间的互信息作为节点间边的权值，保存各节点的特征和节点间边的权值，作为当前时间窗口该运动数据的异质图；拼接各时间窗口的异质图，构建时域和频域异质图序列；通过异质图递归神经网络提取该异质图序列中节点的表示向量；通过分类器对节点的表示向量进行分类，得到ADHD智能决策支持结果。本发明利用运动数据多方面的信息，实现对ADHD更准确的分类识别，提供更具参考意义的准确辅助决策支持。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于多状态脑电节律波特征的ADHD辅助评估系统。本发明包含电源模块、状态设置模块、信号采集模块、数据存储及分析模块、呈现模块；电源模块用于供电；状态设置模块用于引导受测者进入静息状态或认知任务状态，并且将状态相关的设置信息输出；信号采集模块用于采集受试者的脑电模拟信号；数据存储及分析模块用于将信号采集模块所采集到的脑电模拟信号转换成数字信号并按文本方式进行存储；提取脑电节律波，并采用空间分布特征的分析方法，完成对ADHD症状严重程度的评估；呈现模块利用显示终端将分析的结果进行可视化图形呈现。本发明提取多个状态下脑电节律波，融合脑电节律波成分空间分布特征和强度特征的分析方法。

摘要： 本发明实施例公开了基于深度卷积脉冲神经网络的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)疾病诊断辅助决策系统，包括：预处理装置，用于使用信噪比特征选择方法对功能性磁共振成像数据进行预处理；编码装置，用于采用前向算法对预处理后的功能性磁共振成像数据进行编码，生成脉冲序列；诊断预测输出装置，用于使用深度卷积脉冲神经网络根据所述脉冲序列进行诊断预测，并输出诊断预测结果。本发明不需人工标注特征；对医案分配不同调节权重，优化预测模型；提高了诊断预测结果的可靠性。

摘要： 一套ADHD儿童的感觉综合训练玩具，包括环形底座、若干楼梯板以及若干楼梯板支撑块，楼梯板及楼梯板支撑块相互配合堆叠形成环形楼梯，环形楼梯位于环形底座顶面或者由地板延伸至环形底座顶面上，环形底座包括上层环形座体和下层环形座体，上层环形座体由若干个扇形块组成，该上层环形座体的底面设有环形凹槽，下层环形座体的顶面对应设有环形凸出。该实用新型的感觉综合训练玩具，具有多变性，丰富了训练器材的功能性，可吸引ADHD儿童或正常儿童的注意力，既能训练儿童的专注力，又可锻炼儿童协调能力，方便儿童在家或学校独自使用或多人同时使用，仅需成年人协助组装玩耍，无需护理师陪同训练，避免去医院排队治疗，提高复健效率。