Nucleus

摘要： Neuronal migration is a fundamental process of mammalian brain development.In migrating neurons,the nuclear membrane protein Nesprin-2 has been shown to serve as an adaptor to pull the nucleus along microtubule tracks.Current evidence has shown that Nesprin-2 binds to both the minus-end-directed motor dynein as well as the plus-end-directed motor kinesin.However,translocation of neuronal nucleus has long been thought to be primarily driven by dynein motors.Intriguing questions could be raised about the role of kinesin in nuclear transport and how the activities of opposing motors are coordinated through interactions with Nesprin.Combining evidence from recent studies,we propose that Nesprin-2 serves as a switchboard in mediating bidirectional neuronal nuclear movements.

摘要： 针对嵌入式设备的文件开放系统实现的数据库受到文件系统的牵制从而导致影响到数据库的慢速存取的问题,文中以嵌入式开放系统Nucleus为例,将基于数据库设备,直接面向Flash驱动的方法,将若干个数据库由每个库名和可变长记录表和自定义若干索引表组成.其中的索引表进行排序,同时为数据库提供向上的寻址空间,将存储空间的擦除块映射用地址映射表来实现,使逻辑地址空间连续且可逆.记录主要由一个类别加上一个目录信息再加上记录数据构成,对于数据库的保护采用备份两份数据库定义文件和两份索引文件的方式,同时对于擦除块的掉电保护在底层设备独立完成以及记录等操作的掉电保护由数据库系统操作完成.测试软件结果表明,提出的方法便于移植,其他模块崩溃不会直接影响数据库系统,且提高了存取速度,同时占用内存也大大减少.

摘要： Stress is an inevitable interference factor that seriously affects health.Listening to music is an economical,noninvasive,and highly accepted tool for easing stress.However,physiological studies investigating the ability of music to reduce stress in daily life are limited.We established rat models of chronic immobilization stress(CIS)to observe changes in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus(ARC)neurons involved in the regulation of food intake and the effect of comfortable classical music exposure.Twenty-one days of stress resulted in decreased food intake and delayed body weight gain,up-regulation of leptin receptor(Ob-R),cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript(CART),proopiomelanocortin(POMC),and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH)expression,and downregulation of neuropeptide Y(NPY)and agouti-related protein(AgRP)expression in the ARC.Thus,peripheral leptin entered the ARC under chronic stress conditions,bound to Ob-R,and affected downstream nerve pathways related to appetite,such as the NPY/AgRP and CART/POMC pathways.Gentle classical music played at 65 dB reversed the abnormal expression of Ob-R and NPY induced by chronic stress.Thus,listening to comfortable music improves changes in ARC neurons related to the regulation of food intake in CIS rats,and these results provide a reference for basic research regarding how music therapy alleviates stress and stress-related health issues.

摘要： 亮相于上海车展的Nucleus概念车,将未来主义与人本理念有机结合,是意柯那对于前瞻出行观点的集中体现。由禾多科技设计的L5级完全无人驾驶系统使得驾驶席成了历史。

摘要： This paper provides summary description of the procedures by which human and animal cells (eucaryotic cells) divide into two identical parts. The focus is on the nucleus, with particular attention given to the centrosome and the chromosome. Within the centrosome is a pair of organelle known as centriole. When the cell is about to divide, the centrioles duplicate themselves. At the same time, the DNA within the chromosome duplicates itself. The centriole pair, now two pairs, then separate with one pair migrating about the nucleus to the diametrically opposite side. The original and migrated centriole then emit long strands known as microtubules across the nucleus. Similarly, the chromosome emits long strands known as kinetochores. The microtubules and the kinetochores are perpendicular to each other and they cover the nucleus with a checkered appearance. The diametrically opposed centriole then forms centrosomes which pull the nucleus apart. The two nuclear parts then separate with each part taking with its half of the remainder of the cell (the cytoplasm) and thus two virtually identical cells are attained. The significance of this paper is that it provides the reader with a condensed summary of the life-dependent process known as cell division.

摘要： BACKGROUND Stress-induced gastric ulcer(SGU) is one of the most common visceral complications after trauma. Restraint water-immersion stress(RWIS) can cause serious gastrointestinal dysfunction and has been widely used to study the pathogenesis of SGU to identify medications that can cure the disease. The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus(MD) is the centre integrating visceral and physical activity and contributes to SGU induced by RWIS. Hence, the role of the MD during RWIS needs to be studied.AIM To screen for differentially expressed proteins in the MD of the RWIS rats to further elucidate molecular mechanisms of SGU.METHODS Male Wistar rats were selected randomly and divided into two groups, namely, a control group and an RWIS group. Gastric mucosal lesions of the sacrificed rats were measured using the erosion index and the proteomic profiles of the MD were generated through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ) coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, iTRAQ results were verified by Western blot analysis.RESULTS A total of 2853 proteins were identified, and these included 65 dysregulated(31 upregulated and 34 downregulated) proteins(fold change ratio ≥ 1.2). Gene Ontology(GO) analysis showed that most of the upregulated proteins are primarily related to cell division, whereas most of the downregulated proteins are related to neuron morphogenesis and neurotransmitter regulation. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the dysregulated proteins are mainly involved in the neurological disease signalling pathways. Furthermore, our results indicated that glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta might be related to the central mechanismthrough which RWIS gives rise to SGU.CONCLUSION Quantitative proteomic analysis elucidated the molecular targets associated with the production of SGU and provides insights into the role of the MD. The underlying molecular mechanisms need to be further dissected.

摘要： BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc(IVD) degeneration is a condition characterized by a reduction in the water and extracellular matrix content of the nucleus pulposus(NP) and is considered as one of the dominating contributing factors to low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that stromal cell-derived factor 1α(SDF-1α) and its receptor CX-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4) direct the migration of stem cells associated with injury repair in different musculoskeletal tissues.AIM To investigate the effects of SDF-1α on recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells(NPSCs).METHODS We performed real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the expression of SDF-1α in nucleus pulposus cells after treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. An animal model of IVD degeneration was established using annular fibrosus puncture in rat coccygeal discs. Tissue samples were collected from normal control and degeneration groups.Differences in the expression of SDF-1α between the normal and degenerative IVDs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The migration capacity of NPSCs induced by SDF-1α was evaluated using wound healing and transwell migration assays. To determine the effect of SDF-1α on chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, we conducted cell micromass culture and examined the expression levels of Sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen II. Moreover, the roles of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the migration and chondrogenesis differentiation of NPSCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and real-time RT-PCR.RESULTS SDF-1α was significantly upregulated in the native IVD cells cultured in vitro with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the level of SDF-1α was also significantly higher in the degenerative group than in the normal group. SDF-1α enhanced the migration capacity of NPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SDF-1α induced chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, as evidenced by the increased expression of chondrogenic markers using histological and immunoblotting analyses. Realtime RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence showed that SDF-1αnot only increased CXCR4 expression but also stimulated translocation of CXCR4 from the cytoplasm to membrane, accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement.Furthermore, blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 effectively suppressed the SDF-1α-induced migration and differentiation capacities of NPSCs.CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that SDF-1α has the potential to enhance recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs via SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis signals that contribute to IVD regeneration.

摘要： BACKGROUND Central sensitization plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis(CP).We hypothesized that the nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS),a primary central site that integrates pancreatic afferents apart from the thoracic spinal dorsal horn,plays a key role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of CP.AIM To investigate the role of the NTS in the visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic pancreatitis.METHODS CP was induced by the intraductal injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)in rats.Pancreatic hyperalgesia was assessed by referred somatic pain via von Frey filament assay.Neural activation of the NTS was indicated by immunohistochemical staining for Fos.Basic synaptic transmission within the NTS was assessed by electrophysiological recordings.Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters(VGluTs),N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B(NR2B),andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subtype 1(GluR1)was analyzed by immunoblotting.Membrane insertion of NR2B and GluR1 was evaluated by electron microscopy.The regulatory role of the NTS in visceral hypersensitivity was detected via pharmacological approach and chemogenetics in CP rats.RESULTS TNBS treatment significantly increased the number of Fos-expressing neurons within the caudal NTS.The excitatory synaptic transmission was substantially potentiated within the caudal NTS in CP rats(frequency:5.87±1.12 Hz in CP rats vs 2.55±0.44 Hz in sham rats,P<0.01;amplitude:19.60±1.39 pA in CP rats vs 14.71±1.07 pA in sham rats;P<0.01).CP rats showed upregulated expression of VGluT2,and increased phosphorylation and postsynaptic trafficking of NR2B and GluR1 within the caudal NTS.Blocking excitatory synaptic transmission via the AMPAR antagonist CNQX and the NMDAR antagonist AP-5 microinjection reversed visceral hypersensitivity in CP rats(abdominal withdraw threshold:7.00±1.02 g in CNQX group,8.00±0.81 g in AP-5 group and 1.10±0.27 g in saline group,P<0.001).Inhibiting the excitability of NTS neurons via chemogenetics also significantly attenuated pancreatic hyperalgesia(abdominal withdraw threshold:13.67±2.55 g in Gi group,2.00±1.37 g in Gq group,and 2.36±0.67 g in mCherry group,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that enhanced excitatory transmission within the caudal NTS contributes to pancreatic pain and emphasize the NTS as a pivotal hub for the processing of pancreatic afferents,which provide novel insights into the central sensitization of painful CP.

摘要： 本文介绍AMD公司的AM79C940网络接口控制芯片,并将其应用于以MC68360为核心的通信设备的以太网接口中.在接口中使用了MC68360的2个IDMA通道分别从AM79C940收/发数据,并通过建立缓冲链表数据结构,设计实现基于Nucleus操作系统的网络驱动程序。运行实测表明接口工作性能稳定可靠,满足实际应用的要求。

摘要： 本文介绍AMD公司的AM79C940网络接口控制芯片,并将其应用于以MC68360为核心的通信设备的以太网接口中.在接口中使用了MC68360的2个IDMA通道分别从AM79C940收/发数据,并通过建立缓冲链表数据结构,设计实现基于Nucleus操作系统的网络驱动程序。运行实测表明接口工作性能稳定可靠,满足实际应用的要求。

摘要： 本文介绍AMD公司的AM79C940网络接口控制芯片,并将其应用于以MC68360为核心的通信设备的以太网接口中.在接口中使用了MC68360的2个IDMA通道分别从AM79C940收/发数据,并通过建立缓冲链表数据结构,设计实现基于Nucleus操作系统的网络驱动程序。运行实测表明接口工作性能稳定可靠,满足实际应用的要求。

摘要： 本文介绍AMD公司的AM79C940网络接口控制芯片,并将其应用于以MC68360为核心的通信设备的以太网接口中.在接口中使用了MC68360的2个IDMA通道分别从AM79C940收/发数据,并通过建立缓冲链表数据结构,设计实现基于Nucleus操作系统的网络驱动程序。运行实测表明接口工作性能稳定可靠,满足实际应用的要求。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种Nucleus系统的动态内存池监测方法及装置，属于动态内存池分析技术领域。本发明以内存池变量的符号解析为基础，通过符号解析来确定Nucleus系统动态内存池链表地址及链表节点的结构信息，以及内存池控制块结构体的成员信息，通过上述信息直接读取内存就可获取各个动态内存池信息。本发明能够快速、便捷的实现对Nucleus系统运行过程中其动态内存池信息的监测，使Nucleus用户能够准确了解系统当前内存的使用情况。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种Nucleus系统的动态内存池监测方法及装置，属于动态内存池分析技术领域。本发明以内存池变量的符号解析为基础，通过符号解析来确定Nucleus系统动态内存池链表地址及链表节点的结构信息，以及内存池控制块结构体的成员信息，通过上述信息直接读取内存就可获取各个动态内存池信息。本发明能够快速、便捷的实现对Nucleus系统运行过程中其动态内存池信息的监测，使Nucleus用户能够准确了解系统当前内存的使用情况。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种用于Nucleus系统PowerPC架构新型远动装置的文件压缩及解压方法，属于数据压缩处理技术领域。本发明将自由软件zlib函数库移植到嵌入式实时Nucleus操作系统PowerPC架构上，通过对zlib函数库进行改进，使其对磁盘文件进行读写操作时采用文件指针的方式，将待压缩文件或解压文件的数据通过动态开辟内存空间放入无类型的指针链表中，增加了缓存访问功能，提高了文件操作效率。尤其是对嵌入式实时通信系统，各种系统资源相对短缺的条件下，能够使用较少的系统资源，提供对各种数据很好的压缩和解压缩效果。