Atomic

摘要： There are a number of puzzles concerning physics on the scale of nanometers to femtometers,including the neutron lifetime,the proton charge radius,and the possible existence of the deep Dirac level.With the development of high-intensity laser technology,lasers today can induce extremely strong electromagnetic fields.Electrons in the deep shells of atoms as well as the atomic nucleus itself can be affected by these fields.This may provide a new experimental platform for studies of physical processes on the femto-to nanometer scale,where atomic physics and nuclear physics coexist.In this paper,we review possible new opportunities for studying puzzles on the femto-to nanometer scale using highintensity lasers.

摘要： Photoelectrochemical(PEC) technology has been proved a promising approach to solve the problems of energy shortages and environmental pollution damages.It can convert unlimited solar energy resources into energy forms needed by mankind.The development of highly efficient photoanodes is a key step in realizing the large-scale practical application of PEC systems.However,the development of PEC photoanodes has been severely hindered by the issues of easy recombination of photo-generated charge carriers,low photon-to-electron conversion efficiency,poor photo-corrosion resistance,and low catalytic activity.Therefore,constructing high-performance and stable photoanodes is an urgent research field to promote the progress of PEC technology.The atomically thin molybdenum disulfide(AT-MoS_(2)) with unique physical and chemical properties has been widely applied in the fabrication of PEC photoanodes.The AT-MoS_(2) based photoanodes have exhibited excellent PEC performance,which providing promising candidates for ideal PEC application.Here,we summarize the fundamental natures of MoS_(2) and present the research efforts in the preparation of AT-MoS_(2) based photoanodes.Strategies for the fabrication of high-efficient AT-MoS_(2) based photoanodes are emphasized to provide guidelines to advance emerging PEC photoanodes.Besides,perspectives for the development of more efficient AT-MoS_(2) based photoanodes are proposed.

摘要： INTRODUCTION The articles in the“Atomic and molecular physics for controlled fusion and astrophysics”special issue cover a wide range of topics in atomic and molecular physics in the context of hot plasmas.Basic atomic processes are of fundamental importance in confinement fusion and astrophysical environments,and also for ultrahigh–intensity interaction of lasers with matter.Atomic physics in extreme environments such as high pressures and hot or dense plasmas^(1,2)presents new challenges to the community,and these have to be addressed by both theoretical and experimental studies.Several extreme configurations are investigated in this special issue,which should be understood as an initiative to draw the attention of the community to important ongoing work in the context of extreme states of matter.This special issue presents eight articles from scientists actively working in this field and shows the important advances that have been made in basic atomic processes and related areas of plasma properties and plasma diagnosis over the last few years.

摘要： The Tianjin University has developed a molybdenum carbide supported monoatomic catalyst for acetylene hydrogenation.Among these metal components,monoatomic nickel,monoatomic cobalt or monoatomic copper can form Ni-Mo,Ni-Co,and Ni-Cu bonds with molybdenum atoms in MoC,which can enhance the adsorption and activation of hydrogen molecules to improve the hydrogenation activity.

摘要： Owing to the distinctive structural and electronic properties,atomically dispersed metal catalysts have raised tremendous attentions in the last ten years[1,2].Generally,isolated metal atoms or clusters that dispersed across oxide supports(e.g.,Al2O3,TiO2,CeO2)are stabilized through the coordination with supported O atoms,forming electron-deficient metal cations(Mδ+-O)at interfaces[3].However,in many cases,such metal-support interactions may not strong enough to maintain their structure uniformity under harsh reductive conditions,and the resultant reduction/aggregation of metal atoms/clusters often attenuated the activity of catalysts[4,5].

摘要： We report in this paper the ground-state energy 2s2 1S and total energies of doubly excited states 2p2 1D, 3d2 1D, 4f2 1I of the Helium isoelectronic sequence from H- to Ca18+. Calculations are performed using the Modified Atomic Orbital Theory (MAOT) in the framework of a variational procedure. The purpose of this study required a mathematical development of the Hamiltonian applied to Slater-type wave function [1] combining with Hylleraas-type wave function [2]. The study leads to analytical expressions which are carried out under special MAXIMA computational program. This first proposed MAOT variational procedure, leads to accurate results in good agreement as well as with available other theoretical results than experimental data. In the present work, a new correlated wave function is presented to express analytically the total energies for the 2s2 1S ground state and each doubly 2p2 1D, 3d2 1D, 4f2 1I excited states in the He-like systems.The present accurate data may be a useful guideline for future experimental and theoretical studies in the (nl2) systems.

摘要： Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a device that is used for not only high-resolution imaging but also used for measuring forces. It is possible to quantify the surface density change for both colloid and nano probe as well as silica surface. By changing the quantity of ions within a potassium chloride solution, it then becomes possible to evaluate the quantity of ions that attach themselves to AFM colloid probe, nano probe and silica samples. In this study, the force was measured between AFM probes and silica surface in different ionic concentrations. Two different types of AFM probe were used: a colloid probe with a radius of 500 nano-meters and a nano probe with a radius of 10 nano-meters. This study is focused on measuring how the force magnitude, especially electrical double layer force, varied between the two types of probes by changing ionic concentrations. For all test trials, the results agreed with the electrical double layer theory. Although the micron probe was almost an exact match for all ranges, the nano probe was closest within its short-range forces. This is attributed to the formula use when analyzing the electrical double layer force. Because the formula was originally calculated for the micron probe, the shape and size of the nano probe created too many variables for an exact match. Along with quantifying the forces, this experiment allowed for an observation of Van der Waals force making it possible to calculate the Hamaker constant. Conclusively, all results show that the obtained surface charge density increases as the ionic concentration increases. In addition, through the comparison of the results obtained from the nano-sized probe and the micron-sized probe, it was concluded that nano size probe mapped higher surface charge density above the silica surface than the micron-sized probe under the same conditions.

摘要： We have investigated numerically the dynamics of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and quantum entanglement (QE) for N-level atomic system interacting with a coherent field in the presence of Kerr (linear and non-linear medium) and Stark effects. It is observed that the Stark and Kerr effects play a prominent role during the time evolution of the quantum system. The evolving quantum Fisher information (QFI) is noted as time grows under the non-linear Kerr medium contrary to the QE for higher dimensional systems. The effect of non-linear Kerr medium is greater on the QE as we increase the value of Kerr parameter. However, QFI and QE maintain their periodic nature under atomic motion. On the other hand, linear Kerr medium has no prominent effects on the dynamics of N-level atomic system. Furthermore, it has been observed that QFI and QE decay soon under the influence of Stark effect. In short, the N-level atomic system is found prone to the change of the Kerr medium and Stark effect for higher dimensional systems.

摘要： Utilizing first-principles band structure method, we studied the trends of electronic structures and band offsets of the common-anion heterojunctions GaX/ZnGeX_2(X = N, P, As, Sb). Here, ZnGeX_2 can be derived by atomic transmutation of two Ga atoms in GaX into one Zn atom and one Ge atom. The calculated results show that the valence band maximums(VBMs) of GaX are always lower in energy than that of ZnGeX_2, and the band offset decreases when the anion atomic number increases. The conduction band minimums(CBMs) of ZnGeX_2 are lower than that of GaX for X = P, As, and Sb, as expected. However, surprisingly, for ZnGeN2, its CBM is higher than GaN. We found that the coupling between anion p and cation d states plays a decisive role in determining the position of the valence band maximum, and the increased electronegativity of Ge relative to Ga explains the lower CBMs of ZnGeX_2 for X = P, As, and Sb. Meanwhile, due to the high ionicity, the strong coulomb interaction is the origin of the anomalous behavior for nitrides.

摘要： In this contribution we study a superposition of two finite dimensional trio coherent states (FTCS). The state is regarded as a correlated three-mode state in finite dimensional bases. The framework of Pegg and Barnett formalism, and the phase distribution in addition to the Poissonian distribution are examined. It is shown that the eigenvalue of the difference of the photon number (the q-parameter) is responsible for the non-classical phenomenon. Furthermore, the quasi-probability distribution functions (the Wigner and Q-functions) are also discussed. In this case and for the Wigner function the non-classical behavior is only reported for the odd values of the q-parameter.

摘要： 本发明涉及一种基于Atomic指令的共享变量处理系统，包括K个指令读写模块{A1，A2，…AK},K个Atomic状态控制模块{B1，B2，…BK}和存储模块，每组Ai和Bi独立运行，多组Ai和Bi并行运行。Ai获取第i用户发出的Atomic指令；Bi解析获取共享变量预期值、读地址、写地址和更新信息，基于读地址向存储模块发起读操作，基于更新信息生成共享变量更新值；存储模块基于读操作向Bi返回共享变量当前值；Bi比较共享变量当前值与共享变量预期值，若相同，则基于写地址向存储模块发起写操作，存储模块将共享变量更新值写入对应的写地址。本发明降低了共享变量处理的复杂度，提高了共享变量的处理效率。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种基于Atomic指令的共享变量处理系统，包括K个指令读写模块{A1，A2，…AK},K个Atomic状态控制模块{B1，B2，…BK}和存储模块，每组Ai和Bi独立运行，多组Ai和Bi并行运行。Ai获取第i用户发出的Atomic指令；Bi解析获取共享变量预期值、读地址、写地址和更新信息，基于读地址向存储模块发起读操作，基于更新信息生成共享变量更新值；存储模块基于读操作向Bi返回共享变量当前值；Bi比较共享变量当前值与共享变量预期值，若相同，则基于写地址向存储模块发起写操作，存储模块将共享变量更新值写入对应的写地址。本发明降低了共享变量处理的复杂度，提高了共享变量的处理效率。