摘要:
为探明甬优12超高产群体的磷素吸收与积累特征,2013—2014年,对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)、超高产(>13.5 t hm–2)3个产量群体的磷素吸收与积累特征等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明:(1)生育期植株含磷量,不同产量水平群体间无显著差异;拔节期磷素吸收量呈高产群体>更高产群体>超高产群体;而抽穗期和成熟期磷素吸收量则呈超高产群体>更高产群体>高产群体。播种至拔节期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关;拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)甬优12超高产群体抽穗期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为41.4、8.5和8.9 kg hm–2,高于更高产群体(37.9、7.6和8.1 kg hm–2)和高产群体(32.3、6.8和7.0 kg hm–2)。抽穗期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关;甬优12超高产群体成熟期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为14.5、4.4和62.3 kg hm–2,高于更高产群体(13.6、3.3和55.9 kg hm–2)和高产群体(11.2、2.7和48.7 kg hm–2)。成熟期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与实产呈极显著正相关。此外,花后茎鞘磷素转运量亦与产量呈极显著正相关。(3)两年中,甬优12超高产群体磷素籽粒生产率(kg grain kg–1)和偏生产力(kg kg–1)分别为171.5、92.7,低于更高产(173.2、99.6)和高产群体(173.5、100.4);超高产群体磷收获指数为0.768,显著高于更高产(0.761)和高产(0.758)群体。与对照相比,甬优12超高产群体磷素吸收具有拔节前较低、拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期高的特点。播种至拔节期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关;拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率较低,在其超高产栽培管理中应重视磷素的高效利用。在本研究基础上探讨了提高甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率的措施。%In order to determine the absorption and accumulation of phosphorus (P) in super high yielding rice population of Yongyou 12, the field experiments were conducted with these populations of high yield (HY, 10.5–12.0 t ha–1), higher yield (HRY, 12.0–13.5 t ha–1), and super high yield (SHY,>13.5 t ha–1) in 2013 and 2014. Results indicated that there was no significant dif-ference in P content of plant at each growth stage among three yield groups. HY showed the highest P plant uptake while SHY the lowest at jointing among three yield groups. Opposite trends were observed at heading and maturity stages. There existed a sig-nificant (P<0.01) and negative correlation of the grain yield with P accumulation from sowing to jointing, while significant (P<0.01) and positive correlations of grain yield with P accumulation from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity. P accumulation in the stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at heading was 41.4, 8.5, and 8.9 kg ha–1, respectively for SHY, higher than those for HRY (37.9, 7.6, 8.1 kg ha–1) and HY (32.3, 6.8, 7.0 kg ha–1). There existed significant (P<0.01) and positive correlations of grain yield with P accumulation in stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at heading. P accumulation of SHY in stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at maturity was 14.5, 4.4, 62.3 kg ha–1, respectively, higher than those of HRY (13.6, 3.3, 55.9 kg ha–1) and HY (11.2, 2.7, 48.7 kg ha–1). There existed significant and positive linear correlation of grain yield with P accumulation in the stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at maturity and with P translocation from stem and sheath to grain after heading. When values were averaged across two years, internal nutrient efficiency (kg grain kg–1) and partial factor productivity (kg kg–1) of SHY were 171.5 and 92.7, respectively, less than those of HRY (173.2, 99.6) and HY (173.5, 100.4). Harvest index of P of SHY was 0.768, signifi-cantly higher than that of HRY (0.761) and HY (0.758). SHY showed lower P accumulation before jointing, while higher P accu-mulation from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity, when compared with check. There existed significant (P<0.01) and negative correlation of grain yield with P accumulation from sowing to jointing, while significant (P<0.01) and positive cor-relations of grain yield with P accumulation from jointing to heading, and heading to maturity. Relatively low P use efficiency was observed in SHY, a great attention should be paid to improving P use efficiency. Finally, methods to improve P use efficiency of SHY for Yongyou 12 were discussed.