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磷素营养

磷素营养的相关文献在1988年到2020年内共计95篇,主要集中在农作物、农业基础科学、园艺 等领域,其中期刊论文86篇、会议论文4篇、专利文献177278篇;相关期刊68种,包括监督与选择、农民科技培训、土壤学报等; 相关会议3种,包括中国园艺学会第八届青年学术讨论会、中国园艺学会第十届会员代表大会暨学术研讨会、2006中国科协年会等;磷素营养的相关文献由260位作者贡献,包括强继业、侯立刚、刘世强等。

磷素营养—发文量

期刊论文>

论文:86 占比:0.05%

会议论文>

论文:4 占比:0.00%

专利文献>

论文:177278 占比:99.95%

总计:177368篇

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磷素营养

-研究学者

  • 强继业
  • 侯立刚
  • 刘世强
  • 刘亮
  • 刘红芳
  • 周建朝
  • 孙国荣
  • 孙洪娇
  • 封朝晖
  • 山仑
  • 期刊论文
  • 会议论文
  • 专利文献

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    • 吕林; 张亚玉
    • 摘要: Phosphorus, as one of the three essential nutrients of plants, plays an important role in improving the quality and yield of crops.This article presented the structural and physiological functions of phosphorus in plants, and introduced the availability of phosphorus in the soil, and the role of phosphorus in improving the quality and yield of crops in the actual production. At the same time, phosphorus stress also affects the absorption of other elements by crops, resulting in nutrient deficiency symptoms of crops. In production practice, it is an effective way to save production costs and protect the ecological environment by supplementation of appropriate phosphorus nutrition according to crop and soil types.%磷素作为植物必需的三大营养元素之一, 对提高作物的品质和产量起着极其重要的作用.本文综述了磷的结构功能和生理功能, 并介绍了土壤中磷的有效性, 以及在实际的生产中, 磷素在提高作物品质和产量中起到的作用.同时, 磷胁迫也会影响作物对其它元素的吸收, 从而引起作物对多种元素的营养缺失症状.在生产实践中, 根据作物和土壤类型补充适当的磷素营养是节约生产成本和保护生态环境的有效途径.
    • 摘要: 过量施用磷肥不仅无益,而且害处很多,下面就给大家介绍一下作物过量施用磷肥的害处:1.使作物从土壤中吸收过多的磷素营养。过多的磷素营养会促进作物呼吸作用过于旺盛,消耗的干物质大于积累的干物质,造成繁殖器官提前发育,引起作物过早成熟,籽粒小,产量低。
    • 张慧; 穆春华; 孙验玲; 徐立华; 陈宇; 翟学旭; 李宗新; 王庆成; 刘霞
    • 摘要: Using maize inbred lines 12SG188 (high starch content) and 99038 (low starch content) as study materials, the influences of phosphorus and water on the morphology of root system and phosphorus ab-sorption and distribution inside plants of maize inbred lines were studied with quartz sand potting method.The results showed that, within the growth period, the plant root system number, total leaf area, dry matter accu-mulation and phosphorus absorption efficiency of high-starch maize inbred line 12 SG188 were all higher than those of low-starch maize inbred line 99038.Regardless of being under water stress or not, with the increase of the amount of phosphorus supply, the total plant leaf area and the amount of dry matter accumulation in the two maize inbred lines both significantly increased, whereas water stress had greater influence on dry matter accumulation in 99038 than that in 12SG188.In 12SG188, the increase of the total amount of phosphorus ac-cumulation under low-phosphorus water stress treatment was higher than that under low-phosphorus normal water treatment, and was higher than that in 99038 under low-phosphorus water stress treatment.In 99038, the increase of the total amount of phosphorus accumulation under high-phosphorus normal water treatment was higher than that under high-phosphorus water stress treatment, and was higher than that in 12SG188 un-der high-phosphorus normal water treatment.Thus, 12SG188 maize inbred line had higher phosphorus ab-sorption efficiency than 99038, and was more resistant to low phosphorus and draught than 99038.12SG188 had the highest amounts of total phosphorus transport in xylem sap and phosphorus recirculation in phloem un-der high-phosphorus normal water condition, while 99038 had the lowest amounts of total phosphorus trans-port in xylem and phloem under low-phosphorus water stress condition.%以玉米自交系12SG188(高淀粉含量)和99038(低淀粉含量)为试材,采用石英砂盆栽方法,研究了磷素和水分对玉米自交系根系形态及植株体内磷素吸收分配的影响。结果表明,高淀粉玉米自交系12SG188生长期内植株根系数量、总叶面积、干物质积累和磷吸收效率均高于低淀粉玉米自交系99038。无论水分胁迫与否,随供磷量的增加,两个玉米自交系植株总叶面积和干物质积累量均显著增加,而水分胁迫对99038植株干物质积累的影响较12SG188更大。12SG188磷的总积累量的增加量低磷水分胁迫处理大于低磷正常水分处理,且大于99038低磷水分胁迫处理。99038磷的总积累量的增加量高磷正常水分处理大于高磷水分胁迫处理,且大于12SG188高磷正常水分处理。可见,12SG188玉米自交系较99038具有较高的磷素吸收效率,较99038更耐低磷耐旱。12 SG188高磷正常水分条件下木质部汁液磷总运输量和韧皮部磷的再循环量最高,99038低磷水分胁迫条件下木质部和韧皮部中磷的总运输量最低。
    • 马新; 陈家杰; 刘涛; 唐诚; 褚贵新
    • 摘要: As a beneficial element, Si plays a significant role on crop growth promotion and resistance strengthen. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was carried out in 2013 and 2014. The influence of water-cooling slag and steel slag on the growth and yield of maize were studied, and the effects of Si application on maize Si and P uptake as well as Si fertilizer utilization efficiency were analyzed. It was found that both Si fertilizers of water-cooling slag and steel slag significantly increased soil available Si content (P<0.05). For instance, compared to the CK, the treatment of water-cooling slag application increased soil available Si by 36.9%, 15.3% and 9.7% in tesseling, dough and mature stage, respectively. The two kinds of Si fertilizer treatments significantly improved the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of maize (P<0.05). Also, maize yields of 17979 kg/hm2in water-cooling slag treatment and 17134 kg/hm2in steel slag treatment were gained, 18.9% and 13.3% higher than the CK, respectively. Compared with the CK, Si fertilizer application increased Si and P uptake by maize plant significantly (P<0.05), by 14.6% for Si uptake and 11.5% for P uptake in water-cooling slag treatment and by 10.4% for Si uptake and 8.7% for P uptake in steel slag treatment, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between maize Si uptake and P nutrition (P<0.01) furthermore, Si fertilizer application increased obviously plant P nutrition and P partial productivity. Si fertilizer utilization efficiency was 38.9% in water-cooling slag treatment and 27.8% in steel slag treatment, indicating water-cooling slag fertilizer is better than steel slag.%硅作为有益元素对促进作物生长发育及增强抗逆性等方面有显著效果.本研究在2013—2014年进行了2年田间小区试验,对比研究了水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥对玉米生长发育及产量的影响,分析了施硅对玉米硅、磷营养吸收及硅肥利用率的效应.结果表明:施硅可显著提高土壤有效硅含量(P<0.05),如在抽雄、乳熟及成熟期水淬渣硅肥处理的土壤有效硅含量分别比不施硅肥处理(CK)处理提高36.9%、15.3%和9.7%;施硅处理均显著提高了玉米叶面积指数、干物质量和产量(P<0.05),水淬渣和钢渣硅肥处理的玉米产量为17979 kg/hm2和17134 kg/hm2,分别比CK处理提高18.9%和13.3%.2年结果均显示硅肥处理显著提高了成熟期玉米植株的吸硅量与吸磷量(P<0.05),水淬渣与钢渣硅肥处理的年均吸硅量分别比CK处理增加14.6%和10.4%,其年均吸磷量分别比CK处理增加11.5%和8.7%.玉米吸硅量与吸磷量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),硅肥处理可显著改善玉米生育期内磷素营养,提高磷肥偏生产力;水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥年均硅肥利用率分别达38.9%和27.8%,且水淬渣硅肥利用率明显高于钢渣硅肥.
    • 韦还和; 孟天瑶; 李超; 张洪程; 戴其根; 马荣荣; 王晓燕; 杨筠文
    • 摘要: 为探明甬优12超高产群体的磷素吸收与积累特征,2013—2014年,对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm–2)、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm–2)、超高产(>13.5 t hm–2)3个产量群体的磷素吸收与积累特征等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明:(1)生育期植株含磷量,不同产量水平群体间无显著差异;拔节期磷素吸收量呈高产群体>更高产群体>超高产群体;而抽穗期和成熟期磷素吸收量则呈超高产群体>更高产群体>高产群体。播种至拔节期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关;拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)甬优12超高产群体抽穗期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为41.4、8.5和8.9 kg hm–2,高于更高产群体(37.9、7.6和8.1 kg hm–2)和高产群体(32.3、6.8和7.0 kg hm–2)。抽穗期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关;甬优12超高产群体成熟期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为14.5、4.4和62.3 kg hm–2,高于更高产群体(13.6、3.3和55.9 kg hm–2)和高产群体(11.2、2.7和48.7 kg hm–2)。成熟期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与实产呈极显著正相关。此外,花后茎鞘磷素转运量亦与产量呈极显著正相关。(3)两年中,甬优12超高产群体磷素籽粒生产率(kg grain kg–1)和偏生产力(kg kg–1)分别为171.5、92.7,低于更高产(173.2、99.6)和高产群体(173.5、100.4);超高产群体磷收获指数为0.768,显著高于更高产(0.761)和高产(0.758)群体。与对照相比,甬优12超高产群体磷素吸收具有拔节前较低、拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期高的特点。播种至拔节期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关;拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率较低,在其超高产栽培管理中应重视磷素的高效利用。在本研究基础上探讨了提高甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率的措施。%In order to determine the absorption and accumulation of phosphorus (P) in super high yielding rice population of Yongyou 12, the field experiments were conducted with these populations of high yield (HY, 10.5–12.0 t ha–1), higher yield (HRY, 12.0–13.5 t ha–1), and super high yield (SHY,>13.5 t ha–1) in 2013 and 2014. Results indicated that there was no significant dif-ference in P content of plant at each growth stage among three yield groups. HY showed the highest P plant uptake while SHY the lowest at jointing among three yield groups. Opposite trends were observed at heading and maturity stages. There existed a sig-nificant (P<0.01) and negative correlation of the grain yield with P accumulation from sowing to jointing, while significant (P<0.01) and positive correlations of grain yield with P accumulation from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity. P accumulation in the stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at heading was 41.4, 8.5, and 8.9 kg ha–1, respectively for SHY, higher than those for HRY (37.9, 7.6, 8.1 kg ha–1) and HY (32.3, 6.8, 7.0 kg ha–1). There existed significant (P<0.01) and positive correlations of grain yield with P accumulation in stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at heading. P accumulation of SHY in stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at maturity was 14.5, 4.4, 62.3 kg ha–1, respectively, higher than those of HRY (13.6, 3.3, 55.9 kg ha–1) and HY (11.2, 2.7, 48.7 kg ha–1). There existed significant and positive linear correlation of grain yield with P accumulation in the stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at maturity and with P translocation from stem and sheath to grain after heading. When values were averaged across two years, internal nutrient efficiency (kg grain kg–1) and partial factor productivity (kg kg–1) of SHY were 171.5 and 92.7, respectively, less than those of HRY (173.2, 99.6) and HY (173.5, 100.4). Harvest index of P of SHY was 0.768, signifi-cantly higher than that of HRY (0.761) and HY (0.758). SHY showed lower P accumulation before jointing, while higher P accu-mulation from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity, when compared with check. There existed significant (P<0.01) and negative correlation of grain yield with P accumulation from sowing to jointing, while significant (P<0.01) and positive cor-relations of grain yield with P accumulation from jointing to heading, and heading to maturity. Relatively low P use efficiency was observed in SHY, a great attention should be paid to improving P use efficiency. Finally, methods to improve P use efficiency of SHY for Yongyou 12 were discussed.
    • 田莉
    • 摘要: 磷元素虽然在自然界中储粮丰富,但由于磷元素分配不均匀,因此世界上有很多土地普遍存在缺磷现象.本文主要针对植物的磷素营养和土壤磷的生物有效性进行了研究,以便为不同基因型作物品种耐低磷机理研究提供资料参考.
    • 摘要: 一、作物过量施磷害处多一是施用磷肥过量,会使作物从土壤中吸收过多的磷素营养。过多的磷素营养会促使作物呼吸作用过于旺盛,消耗的干物质大于积累的干物质,造成繁殖:器官提前发育,引起作物过早:成熟,籽粒小,产量低。
    • 刘丽华1
    • 摘要: 植物体内部存在很多有机磷化合物和无机磷酸离子,这些都是器官的重要组成部分,参与到植物的生命代谢过程中。但是如果磷素营养不足,就会给予大豆的生长构成危害,进而造成大豆产量不断下降。文章结合实际的磷素试验,对于磷素影响在大豆磷素吸收以及产量中的作用进行分析,希望可以更好的指导实际的大豆生产种植。
    • 韩蓉蓉; 文亦芾; 史亮涛
    • 摘要: 磷是牧草重要的营养元素之一,土壤的磷肥力往往成为牧草正常生长发育的限制因子.本文综述了磷肥对牧草生长的影响,比较了磷肥与其他营养元素对牧草的综合影响,阐述了牧草对低磷胁迫的适应性,介绍了接种真菌和培育磷高效牧草品种可提高牧草对低磷环境的适应力,指出利用分子生物学技术开展磷高效牧草育种和种质资源的筛选是解决我国牧草有效利用磷素问题的关键.
    • 张翠萍; 孟平; 李建中; 万贤崇
    • 摘要: 核桃(Juglans regia)向南推广种植不可避免地会遇到土壤酸化和缺磷的环境,这种环境如何影响核桃的生长是生产中需要知晓的基础问题.该文研究了土壤不同pH值对核桃的磷素营养影响以及缺磷对核桃幼苗水分平衡、光合特性和生长的影响.在温室内采用砂培盆栽试验,研究一年生核桃嫁接幼苗在不同pH值、磷水平基质中的水分关系、光合特性和生长的应对机制.研究设4种处理,即:对照(正常供应磷素+pH 6.0);正常供应磷素+ pH 3.0;不添加磷素+pH 6.0;不添加磷素+pH3.0.结果显示:pH值与磷素对核桃幼苗的影响是两个相互独立的过程,酸性(pH值3.0)条件下,核桃幼苗根系生物量降低、根冠比减小,根系导水率降低,对磷素的吸收利用减少,尽管其供磷正常,但各生长指标及生理指标与磷胁迫条件下反应相似;两因素具有一定的叠加性,在磷胁迫条件下,酸化(pH值3.0)对核桃幼苗的损害进一步加剧.各指标具体变化如下:酸化及磷胁迫条件下核桃根系水分导度降低,叶柄木质部结构改变,导管密度降低,木质部导管栓塞程度增加,叶柄导水率下降,植株水分运输效率降低,叶片水势降低,诱导气孔关闭;气孔导度降低,光合作用能力下降;胁迫条件下,叶绿素荧光参数最大光化学效率低于0.8,实际光化学效率、光化学淬灭下降,非光化学淬灭增加,核桃幼苗受胁迫环境损害,叶片光系统Ⅱ光合电子传递活性受到抑制,光合能力下降.总之,土壤酸化抑制了核桃幼苗对磷元素的吸收利用,造成体内缺磷;磷胁迫及酸化抑制了叶柄木质部的发育,降低了根系水分导度和叶柄导水率,干扰了核桃幼苗水分平衡,通过气孔与非气孔共同调节,限制了核桃幼苗光合作用,抑制了核桃幼苗高生长、直径生长及叶面积增加;但并没有发现土壤酸化和缺磷之间有明显的交互作用.%Aims Our main purposes were to explore effects of phosphorus deficiency and soil acidification on growth,water balance and phosphorus nutrition in Juglans regia seedlings and to investigate the hydraulic mechanism involved in reduced photosynthesis and growth.Methods We measured growth,hydraulic characteristics,and gas exchanges in J.regia seedlings.The effects of phosphorus deficiency and soil acidification on xylem anatomic structure,water balance and photosynthetic characteristics were also analyzed.Important findings Soil acidification inhibited the phosphorous uptake and utilization efficiency in J.regia seedlings.A combination of soil acidification and phosphorous deficiency interrupted water balance,and reduced photosynthesis and growth ofJ.regia seedlings.Under soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency,non-stomatal factors also played a role in inhibiting photosynthesis.
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