摘要：
Objective To investigate the dental condition of preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city.Methods The dental caries and teeth quantity were detected in 569 preschool children, which were selected from 22 622 preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city.The teeth morphology was detected in 10 879 preschool children suitable for dental correction.The conditions of dental caries, fused teeth, missing teeth, microdontia and anterior crossbites were analyzed.ResultsThe rate of dental caries in 569 preschool children was 70.47％, the average value of caries was 2.96±3.87 and that of decayed surface was 6.89±6.81.The average values of caries and decayed surface were different among different ages, which were increased with the age (P＜0.05).The incidence rates of fused teeth, missing teeth and microdontia were 1.41％, 1.23％ and 0.18％.Of 10 879 preschool children, anterior crossbite was found in 239 cases, of whom 21 cases were treated with anterior crossbite correction.Of 21 cases, 18 cases were anterior odontogenesis or functional crossbite and 3 cases were osseous anterior crossbite.Nineteen cases were treated by 2.5-7.0 months of correction and 2 cases were not corrected successfully.Conclusion The incidence of dental caries of preschool children in Qixia district of Nanjing city is higher.The parents are less aware of tooth shape correction.The nutrition and oral health education of parents should be strengthened in order to reduce the incidence of dental caries, abnormal teeth quantity and morphology in preschool children.%目的 调查南京市栖霞区学龄前儿童牙齿状况.方法 从南京市栖霞区22 622例3～6岁学龄前儿童中选取569例进行龋齿及牙齿数量情况调查,同时选取10 879例适合牙齿矫治的儿童进行牙齿形态调查.分析学龄前儿童龋齿、融合牙、缺失牙、过小牙情况以及前牙反(牙合)情况.结果569例学龄前儿童患龋率为70.47％,龋均为2.96±3.87,龋面均为6.89±6.81.不同年龄儿童的龋均值和龋面均值有统计学差异(P＜0.05),且随着年龄的增长,龋均值及龋面均值逐渐增加(P＜0.05).569例学龄前儿童融合牙发生率为1.41％,缺失牙发生率为1.23％,过小牙发生率为0.18％.对10 879例学龄前儿童进行前牙反(牙合)情况检查,发现239例前牙反(牙合),其中21例进行前牙反(牙合)矫治.21例中,18例为前牙牙源性或功能性反(牙合),3例为骨性前牙反(牙合).19例通过2.5～7.0个月的活动矫治解除反(牙合),2例未完成矫治.结论 南京市栖霞区学龄前儿童龋齿发生率较高,家长对牙齿形态矫治的意识较弱,应加强孕期营养及家长的口腔健康宣教,降低学龄前儿童的龋齿、牙齿数量和形态异常的发生率.
