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中国实用口腔科杂志

中国实用口腔科杂志

CSTPCD

Chinese Journal of Practical Stomatology
办刊宗旨：面向临床，突出实用，注重理论联系实际，提高口腔科临床医生诊治水平。
  • 发文量：2942
  • 被引量：1695
  • H指数：1
  • 开始收录时间：2008(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：0.831
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 1.511
  • 万方期刊影响因子：1.45
  • 创刊时间：2008
  • 国内刊号/CN：21-1561/R
    国际刊号/ISSN：1674-1595
  • 发行周期：月刊
    邮发代号：8-156
  • 主管单位：中华人民共和国卫生部
    主办单位：中国医师协会　中国实用医学杂志社　中国医科大学附属口腔医院
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  • 地址：辽宁省沈阳市和平区南京南街9号
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中国实用口腔科杂志 >2023年第1期

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  • 摘要：Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dentin hypersensitivity in endemic fluorosis rural area of Liaoning Province. Methods Random sampling methods were performed,and 800 adults living in the same en-demic fluorosis county in Liaoning province aged 20- <70 were selected. A structured questionnaire and a clinical ex-amination on dentin hypersensitivity were used in the survey. The relative risk factors of dentin hypersensitivity were ana-lyzed. Fluoride ion selection electrode was used to determinate fluoride content in drinking water. Results The fluoride concentration in drinking water in the county was between 1.15 mg/L and 1.50 mg/L;the prevalence of dental fluorosis was 95.0%. Totally 800 20- <70 years old subjects completed a structured interview and underwent a clinical examina-tion on dentin hypersensitivity. Among them,79 were found to have dentin hypersensitivity,the prevalence being 9.9%. There was no difference between male and female. The commonest teeth affected were the lower front teeth,followed by the first molar. The exposed root surface was the most commonly affected position. The time of using a tooth brush was the risk factor for dentin hypersensitivity(OR=2.210). Nobody in sensitive group had taken measurements or gone to see the dentist. Conclusion The prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity may be decreased and the time of using a tooth brush is the risk factor when the drinking water fluoride concentration is between 1.15 mg/L and 1.50 mg/L.%目的调查辽宁省农村20~<70岁氟牙症人群牙本质敏感的患病状况及其相关危险因素，为牙本质敏感的预防和治疗提供依据。方法2009-2010年在辽宁省新民市氟牙症病区采用随机区组抽样的方法，对800名20~<70岁居民进行牙本质敏感的临床检查和问卷调查，应用氟离子选择电极法检测居民饮水氟质量浓度，采用Logistic回归分析牙本质敏感的危险因素。结果当地居民饮水氟质量浓度为1.15~1.50 mg/L，氟牙症患病率为95.0%；800名20~<70岁成人完成了牙本质敏感的临床检查和问卷调查，79人被检出牙本质敏感，患病率为9.9%，男女之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。敏感最好发牙位为下前牙，其次是第一磨牙；敏感好发牙面为唇颊侧牙颈部根面暴露处。牙刷使用时间过长是本次调查人群牙本质敏感的危险因素（OR=2.210）。在敏感人群中无人采取治疗措施或去医院、诊所咨询。结论农村人群在饮水氟质量浓度为1.15~1.50 mg/L时，氟牙症发病率高，但牙本质敏感患病率较低，此时牙刷使用时间是危险因素。
  • 摘要：目的探讨前牙牙冠延长术后采用氧化锆全瓷和金属烤瓷（porcelain fused to metal，PFM）冠修复对牙周的影响。方法选择2009-2011年惠州市口腔医院修复科收治的拟行牙冠延长术+冠修复患者18例（共108颗上颌前牙），分成两组（全瓷组和PFM组），每组54颗，均行牙冠延长术；术后6个月，全瓷组行氧化锆全瓷冠修复， PFM组行钴铬合金烤瓷冠修复。随访8~32个月，评价两组冠修复后的牙周状况。结果 PFM组有34颗（62.96%）修复后出现牙周病损，其中轻度病损25颗，中度病损5颗，重度病损4颗；而全瓷组仅2颗（3.70%）发生轻度牙周病损。经Ridit分析，两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论前牙牙冠延长术后采用氧化锆全瓷冠修复的牙周状况明显优于PFM冠修复。
  • 摘要：种植支抗作为多学科交流融合产物，无疑对正畸临床的诊断与治疗理念产生了巨大影响。从目前国内外对于种植支抗的关注度以及临床应用情况来看，微螺钉种植支抗将成为口腔正畸种植支抗的主要趋势。微钛板种植支抗由于其优势，如脱落率极低、固位钉远离牙根、植入时或牙齿在较大范围内移动时也不会累及牙根、临床加力简单、不依赖于患者的配合程度等，可为多种复杂错牙合畸形提供治疗选择。由于微钛板埋入手术的损伤较大，术后肿胀较明显，术后不良反应给患者带来的恐惧心理以及较高的费用均影响了微钛板支抗在正畸临床上的应用。而组织相容性好、稳定性强、简单、微创、舒适的微钛板种植支抗系统的进一步研究，必将对正畸临床诊断和治疗产生积极深远的影响。%As a product of multidisciplinary combination,the usage of implant anchorage undoubtedly had a great impact on clinical diagnosis and concept of modern orthodontic treatment. From the perspectives of both international and do-mestic interests in the clinical application of orthodontic anchorage,mini-screws anchorage implant would become a sig-nificant trend in this field. However,titanium miniplate anchorage could more efficiently offer a new choice for the treat-ment of complex maxillofacial malformation,because it had plenty of advantages that other methods did not,such as low losing ratio,retentive pin far away from tooth roots,easy applying force operation for orthodontists,tooth roots barely in-volved during implantation or obvious tooth movement,and being less dependent on patients' compliance. Inevitably, there were also several drawbacks restricting its clinical application,including the possibility of severe surgical injury, significant swelling after implantation,patients' great fear caused by side-effects and higher surgery cost. But one thing is certain,with further efforts to improve compatibility,stability and comfortability of titanium miniplate,a minimally in-vasive titanium miniplate anchorage system can eventually be obtained,having a far-reaching influence on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.
  • 摘要：Now days,dentists and patients pay more and more attention on pain control and sedation,especially in pedi-atric dentistry. But there are some misunderstandings,such as exaggerating the effect of pharmacological methods and ignor- ing basic behavior management techniques. In this article,we reviewed related literatures in combination with our clinic ex-periences. The necessity of pain control and sedation,related concepts and common methods were introduced,which may be helpful to dentists,especially pediatric dentists.%近年来，无痛镇静治疗日益受到口腔医生和患者的关注，在儿童口腔医学临床中也是如此，但对此存在某些错误认识，集中表现在过分夸大药物的作用，而忽视了一些基本而有效的技术。本文总结国内外相关研究并结合我们自己临床工作经验，为大家梳理了无痛镇静治疗的必要性、相关概念和常用方法，希望能对临床口腔医学工作者，尤其是儿童口腔科医生的工作有所裨益。
  • 摘要：目的探讨核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）/抑制因子κB（IκB）信号通路在调控牙龈卟啉单胞菌（P. gingivalis）感染诱导血管内皮细胞细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）高表达过程中的作用。方法本研究于2008年3月至2011年1月在中国医科大学中心实验室及中国医科大学口腔医学院中心实验室进行。已知P. gingivalis感染血管内皮细胞可诱导其ICAM-1基因和蛋白表达增高。采用Real-time PCR和Western blot法检测P. gingivalis感染后血管内皮细胞ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白表达；应用5、10、20μmol/L的蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132分别预处理血管内皮细胞15、30、60 min，再将细胞与P. gingivalis共同培养8 h，观察细胞ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白表达的变化，分析NF-κB/IκB信号通路对ICAM-1表达的调控作用。结果10μmol/L MG132预处理30 min，P. gingivalis感染的血管内皮细胞ICAM-1 mRNA表达具有下降趋势；20μmol/L MG132预处理15 min，P. gingivalis感染的血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达即开始下降，预处理时间延长至30、60 min，ICAM-1表达下降更趋明显。结论阻断NF-κB/IκB信号通路可抑制P. gingivalis感染诱导的血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达。%Objective To investigate whether intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)could be mediated by nucle-ar factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway in endothelial cells treated by P. gingivalis W83. Methods As we know production of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells could be increased by infection with P.gingivalis. Then the in vitro models of vascular endo-thelial cell infected with P. gingivalis W83 was established. Expression of ICAM-1 was examined by Real-time PCR and Western blotting in endothelial cells pretreated with P. gingivalis W83 for 8 h with or without the NF-κB antagonist MG132 at concentration of 5,10,20μmol/L respectively for 15,30,60 min. SAS 8.12 software was used for statistical anal-ysis;analysis of variance was done to compare the means. Results ICAM-1 production in endothelial cells increased by infection with P.gingivalis,MG132 could abrogate the production of ICAM-1 mRNA at concentration of 10μmol/L for 30 min,and the production of ICAM-1 was abrogated by MG132 at concentration of 20μmol/L for 15 min;in addition, the abrogation was more obvious at 30 and 60 min. Conclusion The induction of ICAM-1 by infection with P. gingiva-lis might be mediated by the NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells.
  • 摘要：The application of nitrous oxide inhalation se-dation in dentistry is widely used and proved to be very effec-tive and safe. However,with its increasing use in recent years in China,the importance of safety should be emphasized. The article reviewed both experiential opinions and published guidelines in this field,provided comprehensive practical mea-surements and techniques in risk control in the whole clinical process of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation.%笑气吸入镇静辅助口腔治疗，可减少患者的疼痛和焦虑，这一技术的顺利开展，有赖于对安全性的重视和保证。本文从整个治疗过程的各个环节和涉及的各个方面，结合作者的自身经验，就安全性保证的具体实施措施和细节，给出了总结和建议。
  • 摘要：在过去的20多年里，牙科领域在技术方法、材料和设备上有许多令人鼓舞的进展。牙体牙髓专业也同样有很多革命性突破。根管治疗是牙体牙髓的最基本操作，治疗时的照明和放大是两个最关键的影响因素。牙科显微镜的应用使根管治疗进入了精细时代。本文对牙科显微镜的发展及在牙体牙髓领域的应用做了较为详尽的介绍。%In the past twenty years,there are many en-couraging advances in dentistry,so are there in endodontics. As a basic operation in endodontic field,modern root canal therapy must be managed under magnification and illumina-tion. The use of dental microscope makes root canal therapy enter refining era. This article focused on the relationship be-tween endodontic operation and dental microscope.
  • 摘要：Objective To evaluate the microleakage and penetration ability of zirconium oxide inlays using different self-etching bonding agents in vitro. Methods Forty caries-free extracted human third molars were randomly divided into four groups with ten teeth each. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of forty human extracted third molars using diamond burs. The zirconium oxide inlays were placed with Adper Singlebond 2,ClearFil SE Bond,Multil-ink Sprint and Adper Easy One. The microleakage scores were examined on the occlusal and gingival margins at 30 × magnification after each sample was stained. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in both occlusal and gingival margins. Microleakage scores of Multilink Sprint were significantly higher than other groups on both margins. Group of ClearFil SE Bond and Adper Easy One showed no statistical differences with etch-and-rinse resin cement. Conclusion ClearFil SE Bond and Adper Easy One show comparable microleakage re-sults with etch-and-rinse resin cement.%目的评价4种黏结剂对氧化锆全瓷嵌体边缘微渗漏的影响。方法选取2012年8月佛山市禅城区向阳医院口腔科新鲜拔除的上颌第三磨牙40颗，随机分为A、B、C、D组，每组10颗，制备Ⅴ类洞形。4组离体牙分别采用全酸蚀黏结剂Adper Singlebond 2（A组）及自酸蚀黏结剂ClearFil SE Bond（B组）、Multilink Sprint（C组）和Adper Easy One（D组）黏结氧化锆全瓷嵌体，修复后离体牙经冷热循环后行2%亚甲基蓝染色，根管显微镜下观察各组微渗漏程度并进行比较。结果在牙合壁，C组微渗漏明显高于A和B组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；但与D组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在龈壁，C组微渗漏明显高于其他3组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而其他3组之间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论自酸蚀黏结剂ClearFil SE Bond和Adper Easy One的封闭能力较好，且较全酸蚀黏结剂操作简单方便，推荐临床使用。
  • 摘要：目的了解黑龙江省15岁中学生口腔健康状况，为黑龙江省口腔卫生保健工作提供基础信息和科学依据。方法于2011年6月至2012年6月采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样法，抽取黑龙江省15岁在校中学生1200人，按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案，进行口腔健康检查，并对结果进行统计分析。结果黑龙江省15岁中学生龋均、患龋率和龋齿充填率分别为1.41、51.25%、42.76%；龋均、患龋率及龋齿充填率在城乡之间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。牙龈出血及牙石检出率分别为5.75%、11.08%，牙龈出血在城乡及性别的差异以及牙石检出结果在城乡的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论黑龙江省15岁中学生牙周健康状况良好，但患龋率高，龋均偏低，多数龋齿未充填。
  • 摘要：本文阐述了以镍钛丝、β钛丝、镍钛推簧、钛钉、钛板为代表的钛及钛合金材料的性能特征、国内外研究开发现状、应用沿革以及其目前在口腔正畸临床治疗中的应用情况和存在的问题。%The review gives examples with Nitinol wire,βtitanium wire,Nitinol sprin,titanium screw and titanium plate to expound the characteristics of Ti and titanium alloy materials. It introduces the current situation and application histo-ry of Ti and titanium alloy materials. Meanwhile it states the applications and problems of Ti and titanium alloy materials in orthodontic treatment.
  • 摘要：自体牙移植术从20世纪中叶开始有文献记载（PubMed）至今仅有50年的历史，此间其经过不断地发展与进步，现已成为一种安全和具有可预测性的操作。虽然目前自体牙移植术尚未被列入缺牙的常规治疗方法之中，但随着技术和材料的不断进步，其必将对保持牙列完整，恢复牙槽突高度，并提供可接受的美学和生理学结果做出更大的贡献。%Tooth autotransplantation has a history of only fifty years from its being recorded in the PubMed literature. It was developed and improved continuously. Now it has become a procedure with safety and predictability. Although it has not been a routine therapy for missing teeth nowadays,it really can help to preserve the continuity of the dental arch and the alveolar process and provide an acceptable aesthetic and phys-iological outcome with the development of technique and mate-rials.
  • 摘要：遵循正确原则的自体牙移植术可获得较高成功率。更好地促进术后移植牙牙周组织的愈合则是提高成功率的关键。本文就自体牙移植术中牙周组织愈合机制及其预后做一介绍，希望通过对相应知识的深入理解，最终达到促进自体移植牙牙周组织愈合，提高自体牙移植术成功率的目的。%Tooth autotransplantation can achieve higher success rate when following the right principle. To promote the periodontal tissue healing better of autotransplanted tooth is the key to improving the success rate. We hope that the deep understanding of wound healing mechanism and prognosis re-lated to tooth autotransplantation could improve the success rate of tooth autotransplantation.
  • 摘要：Objective To investigate the inactivation effect of chemical disinfection methods on HIV on surfaces of den-tal impression and stone models. Methods The 2%acid glutaraldehyde solution and chlorine disinfectant solution were used to disinfect the silicone impressions and the stone models,respectively. Real-time PCR assay was used to evaluate the efficiency of disinfection. Results When both of the impressions and the models were disinfected(group C),the logarithm inactivation value of HIV was 5.12. When neither was disinfected(group D),the logarithm inactivation value of HIV was below 1.00. When only the impressions were disinfected(group A),the logarithm inactivation value of HIV was 3.28,while the logarithm inactivation value was 2.34 when only the models were disinfected(group B). Conclusion The chemical disinfection on dental impressions and models can effectively inactivate HIV on surfaces of stone models. Disinfection on the impressions or the models alone cannot inactivate HIV sufficiently.%目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者口腔印模和模型的消毒方法。方法本研究于2008年7月至2011年10月在福建医科大学附属口腔医院中心实验室完成。选择福建省某戒毒所现有1000余名戒毒人员中有口腔修复诊疗需求的HIV感染者28例，分别用2%戊二醛消毒液和含氯消毒液对其口腔印模及模型进行消毒。根据印模与模型是否同时消毒分为4组，用无菌棉拭子在灌注后的模型表面采样，并用核酸定量法检测不同消毒方法对HIV灭活的影响。结果印模与模型均进行消毒后，模型表面HIV的灭活对数值为5.12，印模与模型均不消毒时，模型表面HIV的灭活对数值<1.00。仅对印模进行消毒和仅对模型进行消毒时，模型表面HIV的灭活对数值分别为3.28及2.34。结论口腔诊疗中完善的印模及模型消毒可以有效地阻止艾滋病的传播与交叉感染；单独对印模或模型消毒无法完全灭活HIV。
  • 摘要：Autotransplantation of teeth could be a prefer-able treatment for many patients with appropriate indications. Good tooth-transplant surgery and perioperative management would achieve a success rate of more than 90%. The key points of the teeth autotransplantation include atraumatic ex-traction of the teeth, minimally invasive preparation of alveo-lar socket, and proper implantation of the donor tooth. Further-more,the operator should also make a cautious preoperative examination and preparation. And postoperative treatments, in-cluding a suitable fixation of tooth crown and a reasonable handling of root canal, would be important as well to ensure the periodontal ligament healing and long-term function main-taining of the transplanted teeth.%在满足适应证条件下，自体牙移植是很多病例值得尝试的选择，良好的牙移植术及围手术期处理会取得超过90%以上的成功预期，自体牙移植术的操作过程应该注意采用微创方法拔除患牙、预备受区和植入供牙，并且术前检查和准备应做到有备无患，术后应采用合理方式固定以及根据牙根发育情况进行根管治疗等，以保证移植牙实现牙周韧带愈合和长期保有良好功能。
  • 摘要：Objective To evaluate the efficacy of fluoride foam and fluoride varnish in treatment of root sensitivity after subgingival scaling and root planing. Methods Subjects were selected from patients complaining of moderate root sen-sitivity in at least one incisor 1 week after subgingival scaling and root planing. Totally 209 patients(503 teeth)were se-lected. Random stratified sampling was performed according to sex,age and number of teeth. All the subjects were divid-ed into three groups:Group A-control group,using saline as placebo;Group B-fluoride varnish,Group C-fluoride foam. The improvement of root sensitivity was evaluated by a visual analogue scale(VAS)before and 1 week,and 4 weeks af-ter desensitizing treatment. Length of clinical operation time was recorded for each patient. Results The VAS values were comparable for each group at baseline,with no significant statistical difference. After desensitizing treatment,sig-nificant differences in VAS scores between saline and fluoride varnishfoam group were observed(P < 0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences between fluoride varnish and fluoride foam at the three examination time points. Fluoride varnish group had significantly longer average clinical operation time than other groups(P<0.05). Con-clusion Fluoride foam and fluoride varnish may be effective in decreasing root sensitivity after subgingival scaling and root planing. In consideration of clinical operation time,fluoride foam seems to be more applicable and less time-con-suming.%目的评价氟化泡沫与氟保护漆治疗龈下刮治及根面平整术后敏感的效果。方法选取2009年9月至2011年3月北京大学口腔医院门诊部牙周科行龈下刮治及根面平整术后1周有1颗以上的切牙中等程度敏感的患者209例（患牙503颗），根据患者的年龄、性别、牙齿数目分层，随机分为对照组（采用生理盐水涂擦根面）、氟保护漆组（采用氟保护漆脱敏治疗）、氟化泡沫组（采用氟化泡沫脱敏治疗）。用视觉模拟评分（VAS）法对牙齿敏感程度进行评估，分别于脱敏前以及脱敏后即刻、1周、1个月记录VAS值，并记录各组临床操作时间。结果脱敏前各组VAS值相近，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；脱敏后各时间点对照组与其余两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；氟保护漆组在脱敏后1周和1个月时VAS值均低于氟化泡沫组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。氟保护漆组每颗牙的平均临床操作时间与其余两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论氟化泡沫和氟保护漆均可减轻龈下刮治和根面平整术后敏感的程度，氟化泡沫操作更简单，更适合临床推广使用。
  • 摘要：种植体与骨形成良好的骨结合界面是种植义齿修复成功的重要标志之一，而动物实验是评价种植体与骨结合界面的重要手段，其中犬牙槽骨是研究牙种植体植入的理想部位之一。本文就犬牙槽骨内植入种植体的实验方法及种植体与骨结合情况的评价方法做一综述。%Good osseointegration interface of implant and bone form is one of important signs of the success of implant denture restoration. Animal experiment is one important means to evaluate dental implant and osseointegration interface. One of ideal sites for dental implant implanted is canine alveolar bone . In this paper the experiment method of dental im-plant implanted in canine alveolar bone and the evaluation methods of dental implant and bone integration will be re-viewed.
  • 摘要：牙齿发育是一个长期、连续、复杂的生物学过程，多种信号分子参与调节，其分子机制可总结为：通过外胚层来源的上皮和下方间充质互相作用，调节牙齿的形态学发生。本文就牙齿发育的各个信号通路及其相互作用做一综述。%The tooth development is a long-term,serial and complex process,in which various signal molecules are involved. The molecule mechanism of teeth development can be concluded as follows:the tooth development is governed by sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. This article gives a summary related to various signal pathways and the interaction between them.
  • 摘要：Objective To detect the expression of Livin protein in human meloblastomas(ABs),and to reveal the role of Livin in ABs. Methods By immunohistochemistry ,Western-blot and reverse transcription PCR the expressions of liv-in protein were observed on 80 cases of ameloblastomas tissues. Results The positive expression rate of Livin protein was higher in the star of the network and external layer of cells in ameloblastomas. By Western-blot,compared to normal mucosa,the expression of Livin in ABs was higher than that in normal mucosa(P<0.05);we detected the expression of Livin mRNA expression in ABs by reverse transcription PCR,the expression of Livin in ABs was higher than that in nor-mal mucosa(P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of Livin is associated with AB histogenesis,suggesting that Livin is involved in tumourigenesis.%目的检测凋亡抑制蛋白Livin在人成釉细胞瘤（ameloblastomas，ABs）中的表达，探讨ABs发生发展中Livin的作用及其与ABs临床生物学行为的关系。方法从2007-2012年中国医科大学口腔病理科的存档蜡块选取80例ABs标本和10例口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）标本，以及同期口腔颌面外科门诊术中取材的30例ABs标本和智齿拔除术中的10例正常黏膜（NOM），应用免疫组化法、Western-blot方法和RT-PCR法分别检测Livin蛋白和mRNA的表达情况，并进行统计学分析。结果（1）免疫组化：Livin在NOM中的表达呈阴性；在OSCC中Livin阳性表达；ABs中的阳性率为88.75%（71/80），以中度阳性和强阳性表达为主，定位于牙源性上皮的外周柱状或立方状细胞及中心星网状层胞质中。（2）Western-blot：Livin在ABs中的表达高于NOM（P<0.05），而在ABs和OSCC组织中的表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。（3）RT-PCR：在ABs和OSCC中Livin的表达高于NOM，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 ABs中Livin在mRNA水平和蛋白质水平上表达都上调，并且Livin有胞浆的表达，提示Livin在ABs的发生和发展中发挥重要的功能。
  • 摘要：目的观察氟化物对过氧化脲类漂白剂渗透性及漂白效果的影响。方法选取2010年1月至2012年7月就诊于第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所口腔科，因正畸治疗需要拔除第一前磨牙的12例患者的36颗离体牙，用标准茶溶液染色后，其中12颗样本经NaF处理后用过氧化脲进行漂白（A、B组），12颗样本使用过氧化脲漂白（C、D组），12颗样本放入去离子水中作为空白对照（E、F组）。用VITA比色板对受试牙漂白前后进行比色，然后分别从近远中向（A、C、E组）和唇舌向（B、D、F组）剖开，使用图像分析软件测量并比较剩余染色面积百分比。结果所有标本染色后色度均增加，着色范围为3.66～8.33个色阶。漂白治疗后A、B、C、D组的色阶改变为5～5.53个色阶，而空白对照（E、F组）无色阶改变。（1）近远中向剖开：A组唇侧剩余染色面积为28.6%～39.4%，舌侧剩余染色面积为58%～72%；C组唇侧剩余染色面积为29.3%～37.2%，舌侧剩余染色面积为57.6%～70.1%；E组两剖面显示全部牙本质均匀染色，面积百分比约96.97%～100%；A、C组间各剖面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），而二者与E组的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（2）唇舌向剖开：B组唇侧和舌侧剖面剩余染色面积基本相等，为61.7%～68.7%；D组两剖面剩余染色面积为60.8%～66.3%，反映出相同的颜色改变的深度；F组两剖面染色面积为96.4～99.8%；B、D组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但与F组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论着色牙漂白前局部氟化物处理对漂白效果无明显影响。%Objective To investigate whether the use of sodium fluoride before bleaching regimen would decrease bleaching efficacy of HP when compared with a placebo,and to confirm the applicability and reliability of the fluoride in clinic. Methods The crowns of 36 caries and developmental defect free human maxillary incisors were stained internal-ly with a standardised tea solution;12 specimens were power bleached with light activated 35%hydrogen peroxide and 12 were placed in water;another 12 specimens were bleached by same agents after using 2%NaF. Both exposure times were 30 min. Vita shade guide was employed prior to and after tea staining and after power bleaching/water treatments. Eighteen specimens each from three group were sectioned mesio-distally. An additional 18 specimens from the bleach and the control group were sectioned labio-palatally. The stain area for each specimen was measured using image analy-sis software. Results With tea staining,the mean changes in Vita shade guide units(SGU)ranged from 3.66 to 8.33. Samples bleached and sectioned mesio-distally showed stain coverage of 28.6%~39.4%,while palatal sections showed stain coverage of 58%~72%. Control samples,whether sectioned mesio-distally or labio-palatally,showed staining throughout the dentine(97%~100%coverage). Conclusion The use of sodium fluoride before each bleaching regi-men does not affect the bleaching efficacy of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel demonstrates bleach-ing into dentine of uniform depth and there is no difference between the groups receiving the placebo and the fluoride treatment.
  • 摘要：目的评价太极扣附着体用于牙列缺损修复的临床效果。方法选择2006年4月至2011年9月北京黄寺美容外科医院总装备部牙科中心拟行覆盖义齿修复的牙列缺损患者25例，对基牙进行完善的根管治疗和牙周治疗，制作以太极扣附着体为固位体的覆盖义齿。患者戴用义齿后每半年复诊1次，追踪随访，通过对口内、X线的检查和修复体的戴用情况评估患者的满意度。结果戴用义齿后随访1～4年，21例患者对义齿的美观性、稳固性、咀嚼功能及牙周健康均感到满意，4例患者出现牙龈炎和牙槽骨吸收问题。结论太极扣附着体覆盖义齿是一种美观、经济、固位稳定好的修复方式。%Objective To investigate the effect of sterngold attachment overdenture in clinical application for dentition defect. Methods Twenty-five cases of dentition defect were chosen with suitable indications. Root canal therapy and periodontal treatment were performed to all abutments. Before restoring dentition defect,casting root post with the negative part of sterngold attachment was made. After clinical try-in,impression taking,the overdentures with the positive part of sterngold attachment were completed. Finally the fixed parts with attachment were cemented on the abutments. The positive part which was one of nylon material was inset in the overdenture. The retention of sterngold attachment is due to friction between the positive part and the negative part. The patients received follow-up examination every six months which included the function of the dentures,oral tissue,X-ray and the satisfaction to the dentures. Results After the follow-up of 1 to 4 years,21 cases of the patients were satisfied with the dentures in esthetic, retention,normal function and healthy periodontium. Four cases of patients had gingival inflammation and alveolar bone absorption problems. All dentures were used continually and there were no failures. Conclusion sterngold attachment overdenture is an esthetic,economical and reliable way to restore dentition defect.
  • 摘要：Intramembranous ossification is regulated and affected by many signal pathways. Notch signaling pathway plays important roles in bone formation. Abnormal Notch signaling pathway leads to the bone deformities. Understanding the function of Notch signaling pathway in osteogenesis reveals mechanisms of various bone deformities,especially crani-omaxillofacial bone deformities. This article focuses on functions of Notch signaling pathway and its regulation on osteo-genesis.%膜内成骨是骨骼形成的重要方式，其受多条信号通路的调控，Notch信号通路是其中重要的一条。异常的Notch信号通路影响骨骼的形成。深入探讨Notch信号通路在膜内成骨中的作用机制，有利于揭示临床多种骨骼畸形，尤其是颅颌面骨发育异常的发生机制，提供新的治疗靶标。本文概述Notch信号通路对膜内成骨过程的调控。

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