grammar

摘要： The semantics and usage of“Wang Hong”have changed.In addition to the traditional sense,it is more used to denote a group phenomenon or trend.As the semantic generalization,at the same time,the syntactic function has also been further expanded,mainly manifested in the gradual enrichment and abstraction of the ornamented components.In addition,verb usage has been developed,acting as a predicate.This phenomenon is mainly triggered by the comprehensive interaction of the internal and external factors of language.

摘要： Songs are composed of music and lyrics.The Chinese word Shige means poetry plus songs which could be an evidence of the inner kinship between poetry and songs.“Translating”and“dubbing”are the two steps to translate foreign song lyrics.Songs embody poetry essence and should correspond to music as well.This paper intends to discuss the origin and interrelationship of language,poetry,and songs.In the dual-paper series,this first paper will deal with the pronunciation and meaning of Chinese and English.

摘要： Second Language Acquisition mainly contributes to the process of second language learning to provide a scientific explanation for language learners’language ability and communicative ability.This paper focuses on the learners whose first language is Chinese and learn English as a second language,and analyzes the interference brought by first language from the perspective of the lexicon,grammar,and cultural differences to analyze the factors causing a negative impact on second language learning.

摘要： 【generative grammar】The term‘generative’means that the grammar is formal and explicit;‘when we speak of the linguist''s grammar as a‘generative grammar’we mean only that it is sufficiently explicit to determine how sentences of the language are in fact characterized by the grammar’(Chomsky,1980).Hence generative grammars contrast with traditional grammars,which left many rules of the grammar to the interpretation of the reader;such grammars dealt primarily with the idiosyncratic forms that were not‘obvious’and thus left it to the reader to know what a‘noun’was or what the basic word order of the sentence was.A generative grammar therefore tried to specify everything that is necessary on the printed page rather than leaving it to the imagination.

摘要： Fifty years ago,in a primary school classroom,two boys aged 11 took an examination called the Eleven-plus,which would make decisions about the rest of their lives.Paul passed and went to a"grammar school".Baz failed the examination and went to a“secondary modern school”.They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools were established hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families.They encouraged students to study until they were 18 and then to go to university.Sec on dary modern school students left at 16,usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students.Baz says the secondary modern school had fewer resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.

摘要： This article mainly reviews the problems of grammar teaching in rational and background. And according to the difficulties, a complete teaching designed, which is expected to be helpful to the teachers.

摘要： The present study uses textual function of metafunction in Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar as the theoretical framework,focusing on Thematic structures of political discourses.This thesis moves on to analyze the State of the Union Address and its Chinese version from the perspective of a contrastive study,aiming to find out English-Chinese translation approaches.The study findings give rise to two implications for E-C translation in Obama’s Address For one thing,a thematic structure,without any change of word orders,can be directly translated into a SV pattern in a topic-comment structure.For another,it has to be restructured into non-SV patterns.It helps to apply the strategy in the target text of Obama’s State of the Union Address.

摘要： This paper carries out a multimodal discourse analysis of a movie poster:A.I.Artificial Intelligence based on the Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual grammar.The result of analysis shows that a movie poster as a special discourse demonstrates greatly the cultural value and artistic charm itself.The analysis might give insight to the design of movie posters.

摘要： The under-resourced Kikamba language has few language technology tools since the more efficient and popular data driven approaches for developing them suffer from data sparseness due to lack of digitized corpora. To address this challenge, we have developed a computational grammar for the Kikamba language within the multilingual Grammatical Framework (GF) toolkit. GF uses the Interlingua rule-based translation approach. To develop the grammar, we used the morphology driven strategy. Therefore, we first developed regular expressions for morphology inflection and thereafter developed the syntax rules. Evaluation of the grammar was done using one hundred sentences in both English and Kikamba languages. The results were an encouraging four n-gram BLEU score of 83.05% and the Position independent error rate (PER) of 10.96%. Finally, we have made a contribution to the language technology resources for Kikamba including multilingual machine translation, a morphology analyzer, a computational grammar which provides a platform for development of multilingual applications and the ability to generate a variety of bilingual corpora for Kikamba for all languages currently defined in GF, making it easier to experiment with data driven approaches.