fasting

摘要： BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery strategies are increasingly implemented to improve the management of surgical patients.AIM To evaluate the effects of new perioperative fasting protocols in children≥3 mo of age undergoing non-gastrointestinal surgery.METHODS This prospective pilot study included children≥3 mo of age undergoing nongastrointestinal surgery at the Children’s Hospital(Zhejiang University School of Medicine)from January 2020 to June 2020.The children were divided into either a conventional group or an ERAS group according to whether they had been enrolled before or after the implementation of the new perioperative fasting strategy.The children in the conventional group were fasted using conventional strategies,while those in the ERAS group were given individualized fasting protocols preoperatively(6-h fasting for infant formula/non-human milk/solids,4-h fasting for breast milk,and clear fluids allowed within 2 h of surgery)and postoperatively(food permitted from 1 h after surgery).Pre-operative and postoperative fasting times,pre-operative blood glucose,the incidence of postoperative thirst and hunger,the incidence of perioperative vomiting and aspiration,and the degree of satisfaction were evaluated.RESULTS The study included 303 patients(151 in the conventional group and 152 in the ERAS group).Compared with the conventional group,the ERAS group had a shorter pre-operative food fasting time[11.92(4.00,19.33)vs 13.00(6.00,20.28)h,P<0.001],shorter preoperative liquid fasting time[3.00(2.00,7.50)vs 12.00(3.00,20.28)h,P<0.001],higher preoperative blood glucose level[5.6(4.2,8.2)vs 5.1(4.0,7.4)mmol/L,P<0.001],lower incidence of thirst(74.5%vs 15.3%,P<0.001),shorter time to postoperative feeding[1.17(0.33,6.83)vs 6.00(5.40,9.20),P<0.001],and greater satisfaction[7(0,10)vs 8(5,10),P<0.001].No children experienced perioperative aspiration.The incidences of hunger,perioperative vomiting,and fever were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Optimizing fasting and clear fluid drinking before non-gastrointestinal surgery in children≥3 mo of age is possible.It is safe and feasible to start early eating after evaluating the recovery from anesthesia and the swallowing function.

摘要： Background: Previous studies on fasting and gastrointestinal motility were reported with information lacking concerning prolonged continuous fasting and gastrointestinal motility. This study investigated the effect of prolonged fasting duration on gastrointestinal motility. Methods: Forty-five (45) male Wistar rats, with body weights between 180 - 200 g were used. They were randomly assigned into three (3) groups. Group1: control (rats fasted for 18 h—common duration of fasting for motility studies), groups 2 and 3 fasted for 48 and 72 h respectively. Five (5) rats per experiment and per group were considered. Blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method, gastric emptying was assessed by hydrated carbohydrate meal, intestinal motility by charcoal meal, and colonic motility was assessed using bead test. Data were reported in Mean ± SEM and analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Differences in results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant change in the blood glucose level (mmol/L) of rats in the 48 h group (2.94 ± 0.35) and 72 h group (3.20 ± 0.32) as compared with the control (3.62 ± 0.19). There was a significant decrease in the rate of gastric emptying (g) in the 72 h group (0.20 ± 0.08) compared with the control (0.64 ± 0.16). The intestinal transit (cm) in the 48 h group (67.54 ± 6.15) and 72 h group (72.10 ± 7.60) increased significantly when compared with the control (42.14 ± 3.14). There was a significant decrease in the colonic motility time (Sec.) in the 48 h group (2707 ± 864.1) and 72 h group (6363 ± 968.1) when compared with the control (263.8 ± 64.26). Conclusion: Extended fasting durations decrease the rate of gastric emptying and colonic motility. It suggests that extended fasting durations could be beneficial in intestinal spasms or where the gut is required to relax.

摘要： Purpose:Elderly patients underwent a sharp decline in blood pressure after the induction of anesthesia and were subjected to many kinds of discomfort before and after painless colonoscopy.The aim was to investigate if the oral intake of carbohydrate drinks(CHD)alleviated side effects during colonoscopy.Methods:Sixty patients were randomly assigned to the CHD group(A)to receive preoperative CHD,the glucose group(B)to receive preoperative sugar drink,and the fasting control group(C)to undergo preoperative fasting for at least 10 h.The primary outcomes were hemodynamic data before anesthesia(T1),one(T2)and five(T3)minutes after induction,the beginning(T4)and end(T5)of colonoscopy.The secondary outcomes were hunger,thirst,stomach discomfort,anxiety,and fatigue in patients,who were assessed using a visual analog scale.Additionally,postoperative parameters such as blood glucose level were evaluated.Results:Intraoperative hemodynamics(data on T2,T3,and T4)including systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,and heart rate was higher in the CHD group than in the glucose and fasting group(P<0.01).Preoperatively alleviated feelings of hunger and thirst were found to be in the CHD group compared with the glucose(P<0.01 in hunger and P<0.05 in thirst)and fasting group(P<0.01).The blood glucose level in the CHD group was lower than that in the glucose group(P<0.01)and higher than in the fasting group(P<0.01).Critically,oral CHD did not affect the process of colonoscopy.Conclusion:Oral intake of CHD stabilizes perioperative hemodynamic change and alleviates preoperative discomfort during painless colonoscopy.

摘要： Background: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a prediabetic condition and is a high-risk state for developing diabetes and associated complications. The aim of this study was to explore the association of vitamin D with insulin secretory function among the IFG subjects. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh;from June 2016 to May 2017, on forty-six (46) IFG subjects. Serum blood glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method, Fasting serum lipid profile (Total cholesterol, TG and HDL-c);liver enzyme like alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method;Serum creatinine was measured by colorimetric kinetic method;Serum Insulin and vitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by ELISA method;insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) using HOMA-CIGMA software. Results: Among 46 IFG subjects, 22 (47.8%) were male and rest 24 (52.2%) were female and their mean age was 40 (±8) years. Mean fasting serum glucose level of the study subjects was 6.33 (±0.23) mmol/l and mean postprandial serum glucose level was 7.23 (±0.41) mmol/l. Mean serum vitamin D level of the study subjects was 26.54 (±8.83) ng/ml. Mean HOMA%S, HOMA%B and HOMA%IR of the total study subjects were 48.34 (±16.70), 102.16 (±23.13) and 2.28 (±0.70) respectively. Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) was significantly higher (p = 0.047) in the subjects having higher vitamin D [25(OH)D level ≥ 20 ng/ml] compared to the subjects having lower vitamin D [25(OH)D levels Conclusion: High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D exists among IFG subjects. Vitamin D is associated with insulin secretory function in IFG subjects. Population based prospective studies using larger sample size should be done to confirm the results.

摘要： BACKGROUND It has been established that bariatric surgery,including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG),has a positive impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,less frequently T2DM is reported as a risk factor for complications with this type of surgery.AIM To evaluate the safety of LSG in T2DM.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted over patients admitted for LSG from January 2008 to May 2015.Data was collected through digitized records.Any deviation from normal postoperative care within the first 60 d was defined as an early complication,and further categorized into mild or severe.RESULTS Nine hundred eighty-four patients underwent LSG,among these 143(14.5%)were diagnosed with T2DM.There were 19 complications in the T2DM group(13.3%)compared to 59 cases in the non-T2DM(7.0%).Out of 19 complications in the T2DM group,12 were mild(8.4%)and 7 were severe(4.9%).Compared to the non-T2DM group,patients had a higher risk for mild complications(Odds-ratio 2.316,CI:1.163-4.611,P=0.017),but not for severe ones(P=0.615).An increase of 1% in hemoglobin A1c levels was associated with a 40.7% increased risk for severe complications(P=0.013,CI:1.074-1.843)but not for mild ones.CONCLUSION Our data suggest that LSG is relatively safe for patients with T2DM.Whether preoperative control of hemoglobin A1c level will lower the complications rate has to be prospectively studied.

摘要： Background: Nepal is one of the fastest urbanizing countries in South Asia and is facing the consequences of urban lifestyle leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently a high-burden disease in Nepal with a prevalence of 8.4%. Of these 8% - 18% patients are on insulin and 42% patients were reported to have uncontrolled diabetes in the past year. This suggests a need for better therapy options in terms of efficacy and safety. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of Insulin glargine-based therapy in Nepalese with T2DM who could not achieve adequate glycemic control with oral and non-glargine-insulin therapy. Methods: This is a prospective, multi-centric, single arm and post marketing observational study to assess the safety and effectiveness of Glaritus?(Wockhardt’s Insulin Glargine) in 52 T2DM patients from 3 (three) different study sites in Nepal (Bharatpur, Kathmandu and Pokhra) from September 2015 to December 2016. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of Glaritus?, mainly in terms of hypoglycemia, renal function tests and liver function tests. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of Glaritus?in terms of percentage of patients achieving HbA1c goal of less than 7%, mean changes in HbA1c & fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels from baseline till the end of study. Results: 3.85% of subjects experienced hypoglycemia during first 3 months of therapy whereas 1.92% had similar experience in next 3 months of therapy. The mean HbA1c values reduced from 9.16% to 7.15% at the end of study. 21.05% of the enrolled subjects achieved the goal of HbA1c ?was well tolerated by the study patients. Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin, initiation with Glaritus?significantly improved glycemic control with good tolerability and acceptability. This analysis in T2DM Nepalese patients shows that by significantly improving glycemic control while not increasing risk of hypoglycemia, Glaritus?provides safer basal insulin and may be suited to aggressive treatment regimens. From a societal perspective, it will help more patients reach the glycemic control target as recommended by the current treatment guidelines.

摘要： Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a multitude of effects on different organ-systems. Its chronic nature makes it a challenging disease for patients to manage. Today, patients have access to many different types of conventional therapies for diabetes, each with a different mode of action and side effects. Despite the wide range of therapeutic agents available today, patients seek help from complementary and alternative medicine. The decision to use complementary and alternative medicine by patients stems from some of the harmful side effects of current conventional therapies, as well as their desire to find measures that will help them to manage their disease. Complementary and alternative medicine includes several modalities ranging from dietary components such as vitamins and herbal supplements to mind-body interventions such as yoga, meditation, and massage therapy. Here we review the use of complementary and alternative medicine including Ginger, Cinnamon, and Camellia sinensis leaf tea, and their effects on glycemic indices in diabetes.

摘要： Objective: The main aim of the study is predominately utilizing clinical pharmacist in the provision of continuing diabetic education programs to emphasize and re-emphasize the importance of risk factors, prevention, adherence to medication and behavioral changes to prevent recurrences of the disease, their progression, and ultimately minimize hospitalization. Specific goals are to improve clinical outcomes for patients with diabetes—to maintain optimal plasma glucose concentrations Fasting, Postprandial Plasma Glucose, and Glycated Hemoglobin. Study design: A prospective interventional study in the Outpatient General Medicine Department, for a period of six months from October 2018 to March 2019. Results: HbA1c levels were reduced from baseline by ?1.107 ± 0.8634, Fasting Plasma Glucose levels and Postprandial blood glucose levels were reduced from baseline by ?24.2218 ± 5.70352 and ?30.1891 ± 1.40592 respectively. Conclusion: A trained clinical pharmacist by providing diabetes education and care can significantly reduce hyperglycemia, thereby improving the quality of life in diabetes patients and ultimately reducing health care costs associated with these morbidities.

摘要： Requesting patients to come with long fasting state (12 - 14 hours) for lipid profile measurements are a major inconvenience. However, most blood tests, even glycemic management, can be done in a non-fasting state, for example by requesting an HbA1C. It is understandable that when we order lipid profile test, laboratories are very rigid on fasting (12 - 14 h) or refuse to do the test if fasting is not enough. To answer these delusions, we conducted a cross-sectional study among the health care workers at Teaching Hospital Batticaloa, SriLanka, after an overnight fast (12 - 14 hours) blood taken for lipid profile. Following weeks, we collected blood from the same healthcare workers, after breakfast (2 - 4 hours after meal). In this study, measurements of fasting lipid profile, including high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and non-HDL significantly (p < 0.05) differ from non-fasting lipid profile measurement. The mean difference in lipid profile in fasting versus non-fasting among healthcare workers was 34.13 mg/dl for TG, -5.65 mg/dl for total TC, -1.94 mg/dl for HDL-cholesterol, 3.71 mg/dl for non-HDL and 12.3 mg/dl for LDL-cholesterol. This momentous change of different meanings does not play any significant role in cardiovascular risk assessment. However, a patient with a family history of the premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), or familial hyperlipidemia, screening and follow-up should preferably be performed with fasting.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种G.fast中继器及G.fast网络系统，所述G.fast中继器包括：G.fast信号转换单元、两个模拟前端、电源中继单元、第一双绞线连接端口和第二双绞线连接端口；所述两个模拟前端的模拟信号输入/输出端分别与所述第一双绞线连接端口和第二双绞线连接端口连接，所述两个模拟前端的数字信号输入/输出端分别与所述G.fast信号转换单元的第一信号接收/发送端和第二信号接收/发送端连接，所述两个模拟前端的控制端与所述G.fast信号转换单元的信号控制端连接；所述电源中继单元接入所述G.fast信号转换单元和两个模拟前端的电源输入端。本发明所述G.fast中继器，用于接入G.fast网络系统中，可以增大G.fast信号的传输距离，扩大G.fast通信技术的应用范围。

摘要： 本发明涉及图像处理技术领域，公开了一种基于Faster Rcnn的图像文本检测方法及系统，其方法通过对待检测图像进行预处理，以提高图像的成像质量，并通过目标检测算法对文本信息进行定位，通过定位信息利用OCR识别算法对文本信息进行文本识别，将文本信息转换为字符信息，从而提高图像识别的准确性。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于改进聚类算法的Faster R‑CNN网络的行人检测方法，包括把行人训练集图片输入regnet骨干网络，提取特征图；将特征图输入FPN特征金字塔进行融合，得到新的特征图；采用改进聚类算法得到不同比例和大小的anchors，通过RPN区域建议网络对新特征图进行建议框的提取，初步判断是否检测到行人；把新特征图和建议框输入RoI align进行池化综合，并经过全连接网络进行分类和回归，得到检测结果和相应的损失；完成一个轮次的训练后，重复上述步骤，直至达到设定的迭代轮次，把网络中的参数输出并保存，得到行人检测模型；将待检测的行人图片输入行人检测模型，即可输出待检测行人图片的位置和置信度信息。

摘要： 本发明属于目标检测识别领域，具体是Faster‑Vibe与分类算法实现目标识别方法。该方法包括：对输入图像按照像素灰度差异性进行分区；其中，灰度差异大区域尺寸大，灰度差异小区域尺寸小；剔除灰度差异小的区域；输入图像中可能包括有人、车、小型飞机和大型飞机；通过对未剔除的区域进行不均匀下采样操作，得到相应下采样分区；基于Vibe算法识别出每个下采样分区的像素是否是前景像素；将每个下采样分区上连续的前景像素作为一个疑似目标的像素集；根据疑似目标的像素集，对目标多个空洞进行处理，合并疑似目标为同一目标；将同一目标的像素集输入预先训练的轻量化分类网络，确定该目标是人、车、小型飞机和大型飞机中的哪个类型。

摘要： 本发明属于智能生物技术领域，涉及一种基于Faster R‑CNN的小麦穗数识别方法、系统和介质，包括：提取不同家系麦穗冠层图像，并在图像中的麦穗进行标定，获得各个麦穗对应的标签；将麦穗的图像和标签输入ResNet网络模型中进行特征提取，获得麦穗的特征图，并根据麦穗轮廓建立对应的候选框；通过特征图对Faster R‑CNN模型进行训练，获得最优的麦穗识别模型；将待测麦穗图像输入麦穗识别模型，获得与各个麦穗对应的候选框；统计候选框的个数，从而获得小麦麦穗数。其能够对小麦进行准确的QTL定位，能够准确对具有高重叠特点的小麦穗数的小麦进行识别，有望为小麦分子育种种产量相关表型鉴定提供高通量分析工具。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于FasterRCNN的海面溢油检测方法，包括：将海面溢油图像作为数据集输入至海面溢油检测网络中，提取图像的多尺度特征信息，通过RPN获取疑似溢油区域；采用ROI池化聚合输入图像的特征图和溢油区域，提取多尺度特征并进行融合；利用损失函数对图像特征和疑似溢油区域的聚合信息进行分类和回归，得到预测信息；利用损失函数对网络进行训练和优化得到海面溢油检测模型。在环境照片存在油膜的情况下，则判定海面现场存在溢油现象。本发明提取了图像的溢油区域和多尺度特征，解决了疑似溢油区域和尺度变化问题，可快速准确地进行现场照片中的油膜识别。

摘要： 本发明属于深度学习及计算机视觉领域，具体涉及一种自动驾驶场景下基于改进faster‑RCNN的小目标检测方法。本发明选取ResNet‑50作为主干特征提取网络，首先引入可变形卷积思路对主干网进行改进，提高了卷积神经网络的变换建模能力；然后在主干网络最后两层添加空间注意力机制，能准确定位小目标，提高小目标检测的准确率并增强小目标的特征提取；同时引入特征金字塔结构，结合了自上而下和自下而上以及高低维之间的特征融合策略，从而实现了特征增强；最后利用Soft‑NMS去除冗余边框，得到最好的检测结果；并利用多尺寸训练和大尺度检测的增强方法，提高模型鲁棒性。

摘要： 本发明公开了基于改进的Faster RCNN的行人检测方法，首先通过ResNet‑50神经网络提取样本图像的特征图，然后将所得特征图输入RPN模型，并修改了RPN模型的边框回归损失函数，生成候选框；最后将特征图和候选框发送到ROI Head模型，得到目标的类别和定位。本发明基于CNN特征，不仅可以处理任意尺度的图像，而且检测精度较高。相比已公开发明专利，本发明所公开的方法并不需要对网络进行特殊的设计，只需修改RPN模型的边框回归损失函数，充分利用了已有的可用数据，采用通用的网络结构仍旧可以达到不错的实验效果，充分发挥了深度卷积网络的优势，具有设计简单，鲁棒性较佳，检测准确率高，漏检率低的优点。

摘要： 本发明属于医疗技术领域，提供一种基于改进的Faster RCNN显微高光谱图像白细胞检测方法，使用高光谱显微镜获取血液涂片白细胞检测图像，且基于改进的Faster RCNN对白细胞识别分类的方法。使用高光谱显微镜获取血液涂片的伪彩图像及光谱数据，对不同类别白细胞进行标注，制作成数据集。对传统Faster RCNN网络进行改进，即使用Resnet18替换Faster RCNN原始网络中的VGG16，将其作为新的伪彩图像特征提取网络；建立针对血液涂片高光谱数据的光谱数据提取模块，利用一维卷积神经网络进行光谱特征提取，在上述改进基础上，利用Faster RCNN网络进行白细胞图像特征和光谱特征融合，最终实现白细胞识别分类。相较于传统的Faster RCNN网络，本发明在对白细胞的识别精度与分类准确度上都有显著的提升。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种G.fast中继器及G.fast网络系统，所述G.fast中继器包括：G.fast信号转换单元、两个模拟前端、电源中继单元、第一双绞线连接端口和第二双绞线连接端口；所述两个模拟前端的模拟信号输入/输出端分别与所述第一双绞线连接端口和第二双绞线连接端口连接，所述两个模拟前端的数字信号输入/输出端分别与所述G.fast信号转换单元的第一信号接收/发送端和第二信号接收/发送端连接，所述两个模拟前端的控制端与所述G.fast信号转换单元的信号控制端连接；所述电源中继单元接入所述G.fast信号转换单元和两个模拟前端的电源输入端。本实用新型所述G.fast中继器，用于接入G.fast网络系统中，可以增大G.fast信号的传输距离，扩大G.fast通信技术的应用范围。