metabolism

摘要： Decades of research in glial biology have investigated mechanisms of neuro-glial interplay,demonstrating that neurons and glia intimately cooperate for energy metabolism in the central nervous system(CNS)(Magistretti and Allaman,2018).

摘要： Histone acetyltransferase 1 serves as a succinyl transferase in tumors Protein post-translational modification(PTM)as an important research field has attracted increasing attention.Recently,our group has reported that histone acetyltransferase 1(HAT1)succinylated histones and non-histones and promoted tumorigenesis1.HAT1 plays a role in different biological processes,including cell cycle progression,glucose metabolism,histone production,and DNA damage repair2.We found that HAT1 succinylated histone H3 on K122.For a non-histone,HAT1 catalyzed the succinylation of phosphoglycerate mutase 1(PGAM1)on K99 to increase its enzyme activity,promoting glycolysis in cancer cells.Functionally,HAT1-mediated succinylation contributed to tumorigenesis.Our finding provided new insight into the mechanism of how a histone acetyltransferase HAT1 modulated succinylation during cancer development.

摘要： The potential of polyphenols for treating chronic-degenerative diseases(particularly neurodegenerative diseases)is attractive.However,the selection of the best polyphenol for each treatment,the mechanisms by which they act,and their efficacy are frequently discussed.In this review,the basics and the advances in the field,as well as suggestions for using natural and synthetic polyphenols alone or in a combinatorial strategy with stem cell assays,are compiled and discussed.Thus,stem cells exhibit several responses when polyphenols are added to their environment,which could provide us with knowledge for advancing the elucidation of the origin of neurodegeneration.But also,polyphenols are being included in the innovative strategies of novel therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic diseases related to neurodegeneration.In this regard,flavonoid compounds are suggested as the best natural polyphenols due to their several mechanisms for acting in ameliorative effects;but increasing reports are involving other polyphenols.Even if some facts limiting bioactivity prevent them from conventional use,some natural polyphenols and derivatives hold the promise for being improved compounds,judged by their induced effects.The current results suggest polyphenols as enhancers of stem cell therapy against the targeted diseases.

摘要： In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine(5mC),the existence of N^(6)-methyladenine(6 mA)in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently.Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells,suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis.However,the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)still remains uncharacterized.In this study,a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed,which revealed enhanced 6mA metabolism in diverse cancer types.The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism,as well as its effects on TSCC cells.To these aspects,genome 6mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells.By knocking down 6mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4,the level of genomic 6mA was decreased in TSCC cells.This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration.By contrast,knockdown of 6mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level,enhanced colony formation,and cell migration.Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells.Therefore,in the case of TSCC,we have shown that genomic 6mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

摘要： Dear editor,Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2I)reduce the majority of reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubules,which reduces blood glucose levels by allowing excretion of excess glucose in the urine.[1]By inhibiting glucose reabsorption,they increase the osmotic pressure of urine resulting in diuresis which can cause a reduction of blood pressure.[2]Fortunately,as these drugs are not directly implicated in altering glucose metabolism or causing insulin secretion,SGLT2I monotherapy does not result in severe hypoglycemia.

摘要： Most hematological cancer-related relapses and deaths are caused by metastasis;thus,the importance of this process as a target of therapy should be considered.Hematological cancer is a type of cancer in which metabolism plays an essential role in progression.Therefore,we are required to block fundamental metastatic processes and develop specific preclinical and clinical strategies against those biomarkers involved in the metabolic regulation of hematological cancer cells,which do not rely on primary tumor responses.To understand progress in this field,we provide a summary of recent developments in the understanding of metabolism in hematological cancer and a general understanding of biomarkers currently used and under investigation for clinical and preclinical applications involving drug development.The signaling pathways involved in cancer cell metabolism are highlighted and shed light on how we could identify novel biomarkers involved in cancer development and treatment.This review provides new insights into biomolecular carriers that could be targeted as anticancer biomarkers.

摘要： Ciprofloxacin(CIP)is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria.In this experiment,key enzymes and intracellular metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum DNZ-4 was researched under CIP stress.The results showed that the activities of hexokinase,pyruvate kinase,β-galactosidase and Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase after 1/2 minimum bacteriostatic concentration(MIC)CIP treatment were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analysis the changes of main metabolites in the cells and principal component analysis and partial least square model were constructed.The results indicated that CIP could cause changes in intracellular fatty acids,carbohydrates and amino acids,and the mechanism of amino acid metabolism under CIP stress was significantly inhibited.L.plantarum DNZ-4 made stress response to CIP by regulating the ratio of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fats.This experiment revealed the changes of growth and metabolism mechanism of L.plantarum DNZ-4 under CIP stress,which help to provide technical means for the development of effective probiotics preparation products.

摘要： Tea represents an abundant source of naturally occurring polyphenols.Tea polyphenols(TPs)have received growing attentions for its wide consumption in the world,and more importantly its pleiotropic bioeffects for human health.After ingestion,TPs may undergo absorption and phase II reaction in the small intestine,and most undigested proportion would be submitted to the colon to interact with gut microbiota.Interactions between gut microbiota and TPs are bidirectional,including not only bacteria-mediated TPs metabolism,e.g.,removal of gallic acid moiety and ring fission to release phenolic acid catabolites,but also TPs-based modification of bacterial profiles.Crosstalk between TPs and gut microbes may benefit for gut barrier function,for example,improvement of the intestinal permeability to alleviate inflammation.Moreover,by reshaping microbial composition and associated metabolites,TPs may exert a systemic protection on host metabolism,which contributes to improve certain chronic metabolic disorders.Given that,further understanding of the metabolic fate of TPs and interplay with gut microbiota as well as potential health-promoting effects are of great significance to development and application of tea and their polyphenolic components in the future as dietary supplements and/or functional ingredients in medical foods.

摘要： Oral bacteria directly affect the disease status of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The dynamic oral microbiota cooperates with the host to reflect the information and status of immunity and metabolism through two-way communication along the oral cavity and the systemic organs. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment.The microenvironment at different sites in the oral cavity has different microbial compositions and is regulated by complex signaling,hosts, and external environmental factors. These processes may affect or reflect human health because certain health states seem to be related to the composition of oral bacteria, and the destruction of the microbial community is related to systemic diseases. In this review, we discussed emerging and exciting evidence of complex and important connections between the oral microbes and multiple human systemic diseases, and the possible contribution of the oral microorganisms to systemic diseases. This review aims to enhance the interest to oral microbes on the whole human body, and also improve clinician’s understanding of the role of oral microbes in systemic diseases. Microbial research in dentistry potentially enhances our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of oral diseases,and at the same time, continuous advances in this frontier field may lead to a tangible impact on human health.

摘要： Exercise-induced changes of the microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)is a promising field of research with the potential for personalized exercise regimes as a promising therapeutic adjunct for restoring gut dysbiosis and additionally for regulating immunometabolic pathways in the management of IBD patients.Structured exercise programmes in IBD patients of at least of 12 wk duration are more likely to result in disease-altering changes in the gut microbiome and to harness potential anti-inflammatory effects through these changes along with immunometabolic pathways.