cancer

摘要： Porphyra polysaccharide is a special kind of nutrient showing multiple physiological functions including regulating cell proliferation,but the detailed mechanisms are not fully revealed,impairing its further development and applications.This work was to purify and characterize the Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide(PH),investigate its physiological function,and demonstrate the underlying mechanisms.The purified PH was first characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.Then an intestinal epithelial cell model was established,in which PH significantly suppressed cell hyperplasia.Specifically,PH activated the Hippo/YAP pathway,which subsequently activated m TOR pathway,however m TOR activated Hippo in the absence of PH.Moreover,both the inhibition of Hippo by YAP1 knock-down and the suppression of m TOR by rapamycin impaired PH function.These results indicated that PH attenuated hyperplasia activity by remodeling the cross-talk between Hippo/YAP and m TOR pathways,which revealed potential targets and approaches for treating hyperplasia-related diseases and provided novel ways to utilize P.haitanensis as well as other related functional foods.

摘要： Alternative splicing is the process of producing variably spliced mRNAs by choosing distinct combinations of splice sites within a messenger RNA precursor.This splicing enables mRNA from a single gene to synthesize different proteins,which have different cellular properties and functions and yet arise from the same single gene.A family of splicing factors,Serine-arginine rich proteins,are needed to initiate the assembly and activation of the spliceosome.Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1,part of the arginine/serine-rich splicing factor protein family,can either activate or inhibit the splicing of mRNAs,depending on the phosphorylation status of the protein and its interaction partners.Considering that serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 is either an activator or an inhibitor,this protein has been studied widely to identify its various roles in different diseases.Research has found that serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 is a key target for neuroprotection,showing its promising potential use in therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.Furthermore,serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 might be used to regulate cancer development and autoimmune diseases.In this review,we highlight how serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 has been studied concerning neuroprotection.In addition,we draw attention to how serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 is being studied in cancer and immunological disorders,as well as how serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 acts outside the central or peripheral nervous system.

摘要： Healthy homeostasis is a principal driving force of the dynamic equilibrium of living organisms. The dynamical basis of homeostasis is the complex and interconnected feedback mechanisms, which are fundamentally governed by the nervous system, mainly the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic controlling actions. The balancing regulation is well presented in the heart’s sinus node and can be measured by the time-domain heart-rate variation (HRV) of its frequency domain to analyze the constitutional frequencies of the variation. This last is a fluctuation that shows 1/f time fractal arrangement (f is the composing frequency). The time-fractal arrangement could depend on the structural fractal of the His-Purkinje system of the heart and personally modify the HRV. The cancers gradually destroy the homeostatic harmony, starting locally and finishing systemically. The controlling activity of vagus-nerve changes the HRV or the power density spectrum of the signal fluctuations in malignant development, presenting an appropriate control of the cancerous processes. The modified spectrum by a non-invasive radiofrequency treatment could arrest the tumor growth. An appropriate modulation could support the homeostatic control and force reconstructing of the broken complexity.

摘要： The impressive technological advances in recent years have rapidly translated into the shift of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)from diagnostic modality into an interventional and therapeutic tool.Despite the great advance in its diagnosis,the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases are inoperable when diagnosed,thus demanding alternative optional therapies.EUS has emerged as an easy,minimally invasive modality targeting this carcinoma with different interventions that have been reported recently.In this review we summarize the evolving role of interventional therapeutic EUS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma management.

摘要： Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the imposition of a strict nationwide lockdown, which has affected all aspects of healthcare, including the delivery of standard care to cancer patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient attendance at a radiotherapy department during the lockdown period. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all patients planned for radiotherapy at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Patient compliance to radiotherapy during the lockdown period was measured and compared with that during the same period in 2019. Data regarding age, sex, tumor site and treatment-related factors were analyzed and compared with those during the same period in 2019. Results: We included a total of 650 patients, 348 patients in Group A (control period) and 302 in Group B (lockdown period). Patients were aged between 30 and 70 years in about 85%, with a female predominance in both groups. The most common sites of occurrence of cancer were breast, female reproductive organs and the head and neck. A 13.2% reduction in the number of treated patients and a 16.9% reduction in the number of sessions was observed. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of breast cancers treated (P = 0.03). The proportion of patients receiving palliative radiotherapy increased significantly (P = 0.03), with a significant increase in the use of single-fraction palliative radiation therapy (P = 0.006). There was a significant difference in the compliance to radiotherapy during the lockdown period (92.3% versus 86.4%, P = 0.01);delays and interruptions were due to travel restrictions (58.5%) and fear of contamination (29.2%). No patient was tested positive for COVID-19 during radiotherapy during the study period. Conclusion: We observed a decrease in the number of treated patients during the lockdown despite our efforts to maintain the treatment routine. A significant decrease in radiotherapy compliance was noted during the lockdown. The proportion of irradiated breast cancers decreased significantly during the lockdown while patients treated with palliative intent increased significantly, with increased use of single-fraction palliative radiotherapy.

摘要： The human microflora is a complex ecosystem composed of diverse microorganisms mainly distributed in the epidermal and mucosal habitats of the entire body,including the mouth,lung,intestines,skin,and vagina.These microbial communities are involved in many essential functions,such as metabolism,immunity,host nutrition,and diseases.Recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with cancers,particularly the oral and intestinal microbiota.Radiotherapy,the most effective cytotoxic modality available for solid tumors,contributes to the treatment of cancer patients.Mounting evidence supports that the microbiota plays pivotal roles in the efficacy and prognosis of tumor radiotherapy.Here,we review current research on the microbiota and cancer development,and describe knowledge gaps in the study of radiotherapy and the microbiota.Better understanding of the effects of the microbiome in tumorigenesis and radiotherapy will shed light on future novel prevention and treatment strategies based on modulating the microbiome in cancer patients.

摘要： Development is a sophisticated process maintained by various signal transduction pathways,including the Hedgehog(Hh)pathway.Several important functions are executed by the Hh signaling cascade such as organogenesis,tissue regeneration,and tissue homeostasis,among various others.Considering the multiple functions carried out by this pathway,any mutation causing aberrant Hh signaling may lead to myriad developmental abnormalities besides cancers.In the present review article,we explored a wide range of diseases caused by aberrant Hh signaling,including developmental defects and cancers.Finally,we concluded this mini-review with various treatment strategies for Hh-induced diseases.

摘要： Artificial intelligence(AI)is defined as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence,such as visual perception,speech recognition,and decision-making.Machine learning and deep learning(DL)are subfields of AI that are able to learn from experience in order to complete tasks.AI and its subfields,in particular DL,have been applied in numerous fields of medicine,especially in the cure of cancer.Computer vision(CV)system has improved diagnostic accuracy both in histopathology analyses and radiology.In surgery,CV has been used to design navigation system and robotic-assisted surgical tools that increased the safety and efficiency of oncological surgery by minimizing human error.By learning the basis of AI,surgeons can take part in this revolution to optimize surgical care of oncologic disease.

摘要： Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been considered a new angiogenesis mediator. ProBDNF, the precursor of BDNF, plays opposite neuronal functions to BDNF, but the role of proBDNF on angiogenesis remains unknown. We found human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing BDNF, proBDNF, p75NTR, Sortilin and TrkB. ProBDNF significantly decreased HUVEC viability in MTT assay, and this inhibition was neutralized by anti-proBDNF. Endothelial cell tube formation assay showed that proBDNF significantly inhibits HUVEC angiogenesis in vitro. Matrigel plug assay disclosed that proBDNF also impeded angiogenesis in vivo, while anti-proBDNF greatly facilitated angiogenesis. Immunostaining of CD31 and α-SMA in Matrigel plugs confirmed the inhibitive effect of proBDNF on angiogenesis. In conclusion, proBDNF can act as an angiogenesis inhibitor. It added more evidence to the “Yin-Yang” theory by showing mBDNF is a mediator of angiogenesis as “Yang” and proBDNF works as an angiogenesis inhibitor as “Yin”.

摘要： Introduction: Stomach cancer is a malignant tumor developed at the expense of the gastric wall. Gastric cancer is a common cancer occupying the 5th rank of cancers in the world, or 5.7% of all cancers. Purpose: To study epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of stomach cancer. Methodology: This was a retrospective and prospective study, which was carried out in the General Surgery Department at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2020, and all cases of stomach cancer were confirmed by histological examination. Result: We recorded 857 cases of stomach cancer or 40.1% of digestive cancers. The sex ratio was 1.6. The average age was 55 years ± 13 years. The main clinical signs were epigastralgia (98.6%), vomiting (93.34%), weight loss (96.03%), and anorexia (46.1%). It was adenocarcinoma (97.55%), and antropyloric location (78.64%). Patients were Stage IV (72.817%) cases. Among the 857 patients, 722 were operated on, accounting for 84.25% of the cases. Surgery was palliative in 60.66% and curative in 25.62%. Gastrectomy of 4/5 plus D2 type curage was the most performed in curative surgery. The median overall postoperative survival was 5 months. Conclusion: Stomach cancer is the most common digestive cancer in our department, the diagnosis is most often late, so palliative surgery occupies an important place.