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摘要： Background:The human papillomavirus virus(HPV)is very common with over 150 strains and at least 42 acquired by sexual contact.It is a public health concern among women the world over,with an estimated prevalence of 11.7%globally,and 24%in Sub-Saharan Africa.There are five common HPV types;HPV16,HPV18,HPV52,HPV31,and HPV58.Cervical cancer affects women globally,with estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018.Nearly 90%of the 311,000 deaths worldwide in that year occurred in low-and middle-income countries.Objective:To estimate the prevalence of HPV among sexually active women in Lagos,Nigeria;and to determine the most common HPV type among that category.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study design was implemented,with 198 women in total enrolled for the study.Sexually active women from various health facilities in Lagos were screened by obtaining cervical tissue,stirred into PCR cell media,and assayed for HPV genotypes using the Roche COBAS®4800 System.Results:Age of the women ranged from 18 to 65 years(mean 34.6±6.4),with the majority(56.4%)between 25-34 years;65%were married and 63%had a secondary education.Age at first penile-vaginal contact ranged from 9 to 38 years(mean 20.4±3.9).Sixty-five percent of women stated total lifetime sexual partners of between 2 and 4(mean 2.9±2.5).The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 40.4%(95%CI:40.1 to 40.7)and breakdown of types obtained were;HPV16,2.5%(95%CI:2.22 to 2.78);HPV18,3.5%(95%CI:3.22 to 3.78);other high risk(OHR)HPV,28.3%(95%CI:28 to 28.6);HPV16&OHR HPV,1.5%(95%CI:1.22 to 1.78);HPV18&OHR HPV,4.1%(95%CI:3.82 to 4.38);HPV16,18&OHR HPV,0.5%(95%CI:0.221 to 0.779).HPV negative and inconclusive results were 58.1%and 1.5%respectively.Conclusion:Prevalence of OHR HPV is high among Nigerian women.This informs the pattern of HPV existing in the African region,and may aid future efforts at eradicating the virus.The findings are further contributive evidence to the initiative to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health challenge in Nigeria.

摘要： As a natural analog of resveratrol,piceatannol(Pic)exhibits good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in different disease models.However,the role of Pic in type 1 diabetes mousemodel has not been reported yet.In this study,we investigated the in vivo effect of Pic in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice.Mice were injected with STZ to establish the type 1 diabetesmellitus(T1DM)model.After stable hyperglycemia was achieved,mice were then orally treated with Pic(40 mg/kg b.w.,i.g.)for 30 days.The results indicated that Pic supplementation efficiently alleviated the typical symptoms associated with T1DM,including body weight loss,polydipsia,hyperglycemia,and hypoinsulinemia.Pic treatment also improved the glucose tolerance of STZ-induced diabetic mice.In addition,Pic supplementation markedly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-αand IL-6,the expression of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress markers GRP78 and CHOP,and the level of oxidative stress in T1DM mice.Moreover,Pic administration also partly reversed the metabolic profiles of STZ-treated mice as detected by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)-based metabolomics.Our study suggested that the therapeutic potential of Pic in type 1 diabetes and the anti-diabetic effects of Pic may be associated with its activities to suppress oxidative stress,inflammation,and ER stress.

摘要： Objective A set of REE-rich clay rocks is formed at the top of the Emeishan basalt in the eastern Yunnan-Western Guizhou area,accompanied by Nb,Zr,Ga.It is a new type of REE deposit and has great resource potential.This paper introduces its metallogenic conditions and element occurrence states,discusses the genetic mechanism.

摘要： Diabetes mellitus continues to present a large social,financial and health system burden across the world.The relationship between age of onset of the different types of diabetes and all-cause mortality is uncertain.In this review paper,the relationship between age of onset of the different types of diabetes and all-cause mortality will be reviewed and an update of the current evidence will be presented.There is strong evidence of the relationship between age of onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and all-cause mortality,good evidence of the relationship between age of onset of T1 DM and all-cause mortality and no evidence of the relationship between age of onset of gestational diabetes or prediabetes and all-cause mortality.Further research is needed to look at whether aggressive management of earlier onset of T2 DM can help to reduce premature mortality.

摘要： Despite the availability of a variety of insulins,rates of insulinisation and the acceptance of insulin therapy is suboptimal in real-world clinical settings.Patient and physician concerns with hypoglycaemia and weight gain are the two key issues that serve to impede appropriate insulinisation in patients with diabetes.Recently introduced second-generation basal insulin analogues [for e.g.,insulin glargine 300 U/m L(Gla-300) and insulin degludec] are designed to have improved pharmacokinetic profiles with an intention to deliver steady insulin levels over a longer period.Several randomised controlled and real-world studies have proven the resultant advantages of second-generations insulin analogues in lowering intra-individual variability in plasma insulin levels,flexibility in dosing,a sustained glucose-lowering effect,and decreasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.Gla-300 is one of the newer second-generation basal insulin analogues to have been approved for both type 1 and 2 diabetes.In this article,we review the currently available clinical and real-world data of Gla-300.

摘要： BACKGROUND Evidence relating tobacco smoking to type 2 diabetes has accumulated rapidly in the last few years,rendering earlier reviews considerably incomplete.AIM To review and meta-analyse evidence from prospective studies of the relationship between smoking and the onset of type 2 diabetes.METHODS Prospective studies were selected if the population was free of type 2 diabetes at baseline and evidence was available relating smoking to onset of the disease.Papers were identified from previous reviews,searches on Medline and Embase and reference lists.Data were extracted on a range of study characteristics and relative risks(RRs)were extracted comparing current,ever or former smokers with never smokers,and current smokers with non-current smokers,as well as by amount currently smoked and duration of quitting.Fixed-and random-effects estimates summarized RRs for each index of smoking overall and by various subdivisions of the data:Sex;continent;publication year;method of diagnosis;nature of the baseline population(inclusion/exclusion of pre-diabetes);number of adjustment factors;cohort size;number of type 2 diabetes cases;age;length of follow-up;definition of smoking;and whether or not various factors were adjusted for.Tests of heterogeneity and publication bias were also conducted.RESULTS The literature searches identified 157 relevant publications providing results from 145 studies.Fifty-three studies were conducted in Asia and 53 in Europe,with 32 in North America,and seven elsewhere.Twenty-four were in males,10 in females and the rest in both sexes.Fifteen diagnosed type 2 diabetes from selfreport by the individuals,79 on medical records,and 51 on both.Studies varied widely in size of the cohort,number of cases,length of follow-up,and age.Overall,random-effects estimates of the RR were 1.33[95%confidence interval(CI):1.28-1.38]for current vs never smoking,1.28(95%CI:1.24-1.32)for current vs non-smoking,1.13(95%CI:1.11-1.16)for former vs never smoking,and 1.25(95%CI:1.21-1.28)for ever vs never smoking based on,respectively,99,156,100 and 100 individual risk estimates.Risk estimates were generally elevated in each subdivision of the data by the various factors considered(exceptions being where numbers of estimates in the subsets were very low),though there was significant(P<0.05)evidence of variation by level for some factors.Dose-response analysis showed a clear trend of increasing risk with increasing amount smoked by current smokers and of decreasing risk with increasing time quit.There was limited evidence of publication bias.CONCLUSION The analyses confirmed earlier reports of a modest dose-related association of current smoking and a weaker dose-related association of former smoking with type 2 diabetes risk.

摘要： 图形是R的一个强大功能,软件包graphics是R标准发布版的一部分,它包含许多有用的函数以创建各种图形显示,R的绘图命令包含高级绘图命令和低级绘图命令两种,其中的高级绘图函数有一些公用的图形参数,本文介绍了R中绘图参数type的设置方式,并绘图说明了8种绘图方式的差异.

摘要： Objective: Previous studies have shown that Tai Chi may have a role in the management of type 2 diabetes. However, to date, no studies have focused specifically on the effects of Tai Chi in people with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a Tai Chi program on health indicators in adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This was a two-group quasi-randomised controlled trial with 13 participants (six men and seven women, aged 24 - 63 years) with type 1 diabetes. This trial was conducted from May to November 2016. The intervention group attended Tai Chi exercise training for 1 to 1.5 hours, twice a week for 12 weeks, and the control group continued with their usual medical care. Indicators of glycaemic control (HbA1c), depressive symptoms, physical measures (body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and leg strength), and health-related quality of life (physical and mental components summary scores) were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks’ post-intervention. Results: There were significant or borderline significant between-group differences in changes over time in favour of the intervention group in depressive symptoms (p Conclusion: In conclusion, there were improvements in mental health and leg strength in these adults with type 1 diabetes. Large studies are needed to further investigate the effects of Tai Chi in people with Type 1 diabetes.

摘要： BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR) separately has been noted as a major public health problem worldwide as well. Currently, many studies have demonstrated an association between diabetic nephropathy and DR in type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) patients, but this association is less strong in T2DM. The evidence for an association between renal function and DR and visual impairment among T2DM patients is limited, particularly in the Asian population.AIM To assess the association between glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and DR, severe DR, and severe visual impairment among T2DM patients in Thailand.METHODS We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study based on the DM/HT study of the Medical Research Network of the Consortium of Thai Medical Schools. This study evaluated adult T2DM patients from 831 public hospitals in Thailand in the year 2013. GFR was categorized into ≥ 90, 60-89, 30-59 and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2.The association between GFR and DR, severe DR, and severe visual impairment were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS A total of 13192 T2DM patients with available GFR were included in the analysis.The mean GFR was 66.9 ± 25.8 mL/min/1.73 m^2. The prevalence of DR,proliferative DR, diabetic macular edema, and severe visual impairment were 12.4%, 1.8%, 0.2%, and 2.1%, respectively. Patients with GFR of 60-89, 30-59 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m^2 were significantly associated with increased DR and severe DR when compared with patients with GFR of ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m^2. In addition,increased severe visual impairment was associated with GFR 30-59 and < 30 m L/min/1.73 m^2.CONCLUSION Decreased GFR was independently associated with increased DR, severe DR, and severe visual impairment. GFR should be monitored in diabetic patients for DR awareness and prevention.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种用于Type‑C接口的防腐蚀电路、Type‑C接口及Type‑C数据线，该电路包括：A面电源节点，用于与A面的电源针脚连接；B面电源节点，用于与B面的电源针脚连接；总电源节点，用于连接电源线；A面开关器件，其控制端与B面电源节点连接、输入端与A面电源节点连接、输出端与总电源节点连接，及被设置为在A面电源节点被供电时导通、且在B面电源节点被供电时截止；B面开关器件，其控制端与A面电源节点连接、输入端与B面电源节点连接、输出端与总电源节点连接，及被设置为在B面电源节点被供电时导通、且在A面电源节点被供电时截止。本发明电路能够延缓接口腐蚀，进而延长接口的使用寿命。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种用于控制供电输出的装置、Type‑C转接头和Type‑C线缆。所述装置包括采样电路，其分别与供电上游的VBUS和VCONN连接，用于分别采集VBUS和VCONN中流过的电流；放大电路，其与所述VCONN连接，用于对所述VCONN中的信号进行放大；选择输出电路，其分别与所述VBUS、VCONN和所述放大电路的输出端连接，用于选择性提供VBUS电源输出和/或VCONN电源输出；以及控制电路，其与所述采样电路和所述选择输出电路连接，并且用于根据所述采样电路采集的电流来控制所述选择输出电路是否将经过所述放大电路放大的信号输出。通过本发明的方案，解决了目前一些线缆存在的供电不足的问题。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种Type‑C接口控制电路和Type‑C接口，包括正反侦测电路和控制模块，其中，正反侦测电路通过与Type‑C接口连接，能够侦测预设Type‑C插头是否插反，并在检测到插反时向控制模块输出切换信号，以使控制模块将Type‑C接口的第一面引脚和第二面引脚输出的信号互换。可见，本申请中的预设Type‑C插头插反时也能够通过自身的第一面引脚接收第一信号，通过自身的第二面引脚接收第二信号，用户无需考虑预设Type‑C插头是否插反便可直接插入，不会造成Type‑C接口内部的短路，还能够进行正常的信号传输。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种用于Type‑C接口的防腐蚀电路、Type‑C接口及Type‑C数据线，该电路包括：A面电源节点，用于与A面的电源针脚连接；B面电源节点，用于与B面的电源针脚连接；总电源节点，用于连接电源线；A面开关器件，其控制端与B面电源节点连接、输入端与A面电源节点连接、输出端与总电源节点连接，及被设置为在A面电源节点被供电时导通、且在B面电源节点被供电时截止；B面开关器件，其控制端与A面电源节点连接、输入端与B面电源节点连接、输出端与总电源节点连接，及被设置为在B面电源节点被供电时导通、且在A面电源节点被供电时截止。本发明电路能够延缓接口腐蚀，进而延长接口的使用寿命。

摘要： 本发明公开一种Type‑C连接器母座及Type‑C连接器母座的制作工艺，包括有连接器主体、套设于连接器主体外侧的壳体和套设于壳体前端外周的密封胶圈，所述壳体的前端与连接器主体围构形成插接腔；所述连接器主体包括有上端子模组、中夹片、下端子模组以及EMI壳，所述EMI壳套设于端子模组的外周之后，经二次注塑获得二次注塑座，所述壳体包括有筒状的内壳和套设于内壳外周的外壳，所述外壳的顶壁和底壁上均设置有贯通外壳的内部与外界的镂空孔；所述内壳具有伸入外壳内部的伸入段和露出外壳前侧的外露段，所述插接腔形成于内壳与舌板部之间，所述密封胶圈套设于内壳的外露段的外周。如此，缩短制作工艺，有利于提升连接器的制作效率，同时也减少设备投入。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种Type‑C接口芯片的保护电路以及确定Type‑C接口的VBUS电流的方法。该发明包括：感知电阻，分别通过VBUS_P端以及VBUS_N端与Type‑C接口芯片的内部的保护子电路连接，VBUS_P端以及VBUS_N端分别为目标VBUS管脚的两端，目标VBUS管脚为Type‑C接口上设置的任意一个VBUS管脚；保护子电路，设置在Type‑C接口芯片内部，保护子电路包括第一开关支路、第二开关支路、第三开关支路、第四开关支路以及放大器。通过本发明，解决了相关技术中检测USB Type‑C接口上的VBUS电流的检测手段不是不够精确的技术问题。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种用于Type‑C接口的防腐蚀电路、Type‑C接口及Type‑C数据线，该电路包括：A面电源节点，用于与A面的电源针脚连接；B面电源节点，用于与B面的电源针脚连接；总电源节点，用于连接电源线；A面开关器件，其控制端与B面电源节点连接、输入端与A面电源节点连接、输出端与总电源节点连接，及被设置为在A面电源节点被供电时导通、且在B面电源节点被供电时截止；B面开关器件，其控制端与A面电源节点连接、输入端与B面电源节点连接、输出端与总电源节点连接，及被设置为在B面电源节点被供电时导通、且在A面电源节点被供电时截止。本实用新型电路能够延缓接口腐蚀，进而延长接口的使用寿命。

摘要： 本实用新型是一种CFexpress卡Type‑A转Type‑B的转接卡，其包括有一座体、一盖板及一转接部，该座体一侧设有一插接口；盖板覆盖于座体上方，且盖板内部具有一容置空间，盖板一侧具有一本体，本体两侧延伸有令一预设CFexpress的Type‑A卡插入插接口内部的一第一限位臂及一第二限位臂；转接部设置于容置空间内部，且转接部包括有一端子座及复数导电端子，且端子座表面透设有复数端子槽，复数导电端子分别具有设置于端子槽内部的一第一接点，第一接点另一侧延伸有一第二接点，且第一接点及第二接点之间具有略为凸出的一固定部，借由上述构件达到具备CFexpress卡的Type‑A转Type‑B的功效。

摘要： 本实用新型涉及转接头技术领域，具体涉及一种Type‑C转Type‑A转接头。所述Type‑C转Type‑A转接头包括Type‑C母座、Type‑A接头以及外壳，所述Type‑C母座和所述Type‑A接头分别安装在所述外壳的两端；所述外壳的两侧分别设有紧套机构，两所述紧套机构用以相互配合以使外部的Type‑C传输线紧固的连接在所述Type‑C母座上；所述外壳的中部设有扣环。本实用新型解决了现有的转接头结构小巧，容易丢失，且Type‑C母座与传输线间连接稳定性不足，容易因意外而脱离，进而影响传输效率的问题。

摘要： 一种type‑c母座及用于制作type‑c母座的模具。本申请涉及一种type‑c母座，其包括舌片以及端子模组，所述端子模组包括有多个端子，所述端子包括有穿设在舌片中的接触端以及穿出舌片外的引脚端，多个所述引脚端呈两排的方式交错排列。本申请具有提升type‑c母座防水性能的效果。