rats

摘要： In“Offspring of rats with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia manifest cognitive dysfunction in learning and memory abilities”,which was published on pages 1662-1670,Issue 9,Volume 15 of Neural Regeneration Research(Xue et al.,2020),Figure 1A appears incorrectly because of the author’s error made in image selection.

摘要： Objective:To investigate the effect of Fufei Gushen Decoction on airway inflammation and glucocorticoid receptor in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:Fifty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:blank control group,COPD model group,Fufei Gushen Yin high,medium and low dose groups,10 rats in each group,except the blank control group,the remaining 4 groups were Smoked combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS),cold air stimulation to create CODP rat model.After successful modeling,the blank control group and COPD model group were fed with distilled water 3ml/only,Fufei Gushen Yin high,medium and low dose groups were given 1.02,0.51,0.26g Chinese medicine granules/100g/day,respectively.2 times a day for 28 consecutive days.Samples were collected,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in the serum and right alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of rats in each group.),the content of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1),interleukin-17(IL-17A)and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)in the left lung tissue The expression level of real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR)rat left lung tissue GRmRNA,immunohistochemistry(IHC)to determine the expression level of left lung tissue glucocorticoid receptor(GR).Results:The content of TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-17A in the serum of COPD rats in Fufei Gushen Yin high,medium and low dose groups and BALF were significantly reduced compared with the COPD model group(P<0.05);The expressions of TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in tissues were lower than those in COPD model group(P<0.05);the expressions of GRmRNA and GR in lung tissues were higher than those in COPD model group(P<0.05),and were higher in Fufei Gushen Yin Among the middle-and low-dose groups,the middle-dose group has the most significant effect.Conclusion:Fufei Gushen Decoction can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in lung tissue of COPD rats,improve airway inflammation and remodeling,and increase hormone sensitivity.

摘要： Objective:To observe the effect of Jiuyi powder and its active components on the bacterial culture and macrophage phenotypic factors of the chronic refractory wound rat model,and to explore its mechanism of removing decay and promoting muscle growth.Methods:SD rats were divided into control group,Jiuyi powder group,Shengdan group,and calcined gypsum group,with 8 rats in each group.MRSA-infected skin lesions and wounds were used to build a model of chronic and difficult-to-heal wounds in rats.After the model was formed,the control group was treated with daily routine nitrofural disinfection and replaced with sterile gauze.On the basis of the control group,quantitative Jiuyi powder,Shengdan powder,and calcined gypsum powder were used for dressing change,once a day for 7 consecutive days.Before and after the last administration,collect rat wound secretions for bacterial culture,inducible monoxide nitrogen synthase content.At the same time,after the last administration,the rat wound tissue was excised for histopathology and immunofluorescence double staining to label macrophages and their M1 phenotype.Results:After the last dressing change,the wound healing of Jiuyi powder group was better than the other groups,and the wound healing rate of each group had significant difference(P<0.05).The histomology showed that the inflammation of Jiuyi powder group was controlled and had a healing trend.After the last drug change,the contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and iNOS in serum of all groups decreased,and the contents of IL-6,TNF-αand iNOS in serum of Jiuyi powder group decreased significantly before and after medication(P<0.05).There was statistical significance in serum IL-6 content between calcined gypsum group and Shengdan group before and after medication(P<0.05).In addition,the results showed that the contents of IL-6 and iNOS in serum of Jiuyi powder group were statistically different from those of the control group(P<0.05).Tissue immunofluorescence double staining showed that the positive rate of M1 macrophages in Jiuyi powder group and Shengdan group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).The MRSA negative conversion rate of Jiuyi powder group and Shengdan group was better than that of the control group and calcined gypsum group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Jiuyi powder can improve the inflammation of chronic refractory wounds,and has antibacterial,anti-corrosion and myogenic effects.Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of macrophage M1 phenotype polarization.

摘要： Experimental evidence in the rat suggests that perinatal undernutrition, associated with sensory and hormonal deficiencies, interferes with brain network integrative actions. We review peripheral and central morpho-functional alterations related to early food restriction along with the auditory relays, and their connections with the limbic system, which are essential for motivation-emotional arousal. The findings indicated that different morpho-functional alterations in the auditory system permanently affect the brainstem, the reticular thalamic nucleus, and the prefrontal and auditory cortices. Moreover, data showed the noxious role of early food restriction and the external ear occlusion on the distal portions of dendritic arbor measurements, in the cochlea, nucleus ambiguous and motor cortical pyramids. These anatomical alterations also correlated with deficiencies in the dynamic motor and auditory cognitive brain plasticity. Food restriction-related deficiencies in the motor-emotional-behavioral arousal systems may be useful to understand long-term cognitive disorders in humans.

摘要： Background: Previous studies on fasting and gastrointestinal motility were reported with information lacking concerning prolonged continuous fasting and gastrointestinal motility. This study investigated the effect of prolonged fasting duration on gastrointestinal motility. Methods: Forty-five (45) male Wistar rats, with body weights between 180 - 200 g were used. They were randomly assigned into three (3) groups. Group1: control (rats fasted for 18 h—common duration of fasting for motility studies), groups 2 and 3 fasted for 48 and 72 h respectively. Five (5) rats per experiment and per group were considered. Blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method, gastric emptying was assessed by hydrated carbohydrate meal, intestinal motility by charcoal meal, and colonic motility was assessed using bead test. Data were reported in Mean ± SEM and analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Differences in results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant change in the blood glucose level (mmol/L) of rats in the 48 h group (2.94 ± 0.35) and 72 h group (3.20 ± 0.32) as compared with the control (3.62 ± 0.19). There was a significant decrease in the rate of gastric emptying (g) in the 72 h group (0.20 ± 0.08) compared with the control (0.64 ± 0.16). The intestinal transit (cm) in the 48 h group (67.54 ± 6.15) and 72 h group (72.10 ± 7.60) increased significantly when compared with the control (42.14 ± 3.14). There was a significant decrease in the colonic motility time (Sec.) in the 48 h group (2707 ± 864.1) and 72 h group (6363 ± 968.1) when compared with the control (263.8 ± 64.26). Conclusion: Extended fasting durations decrease the rate of gastric emptying and colonic motility. It suggests that extended fasting durations could be beneficial in intestinal spasms or where the gut is required to relax.

摘要： Opioid-induced hyperalgesia negatively affects physiological pain management and presents a complex causal mechanism, involving, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors of interactions with receptors, opioid-independent ascending systems and with pro-nociceptive systems. After approval by the CEUA, 42 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: In group 1 (GCSSL) the animals received 1 ml of 0.9% saline solution intraperitoneally (IP);in group 2 (GFTSL), they received fentanyl at a dose of 100 ug·kg-1 IP;in the remaining groups (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) the animals received IP, fentanyl at a dose of 100 ug·kg-1 followed also by IP route of: group 3 (GFTKP) ketoprofen at a dose of 5 mg·kg-1;group 4 GFTKT), ketamine up to a dose of 10.0 mg·kg-1;group 5 (GFTLI), incisional lidocaine up to a dose of 10 mg·kg-1;group 6 (GFTLP), intraperitoneal lidocaine up to a dose of 10 mg·kg-1 and group 7 (GFTPP), propofol up to a dose of 60 mg·kg-1. Under general anesthesia, all animals with a plantar surgical incision. Hyperalgesia was evaluated by applying Von Frey filaments on the 2nd, 1st, 3rd and 5th days after treatment. In the 2nd hour and on the 5th day after the procedure, there was no hyperalgesia associated with the use of fentanyl, however, on the 1st and 3rd postoperative days there was hyperalgesia that was attenuated by ketoprofen, ketamine, lidocaine infiltrated in the incision and intraperitoneally, an effect not observed with the use of propofol. The results suggest fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and the efficacy of ketoprofen, ketamine, incisional lidocaine and intraperitoneal lidocaine in reducing this effect.

摘要： Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Phyllanthus urinaria on ischemic stroke and its primary mechanism.Methods:Adult SD rats were selected as the research object,and the right middle cerebral artery infarction rat model was established by the modified suture method(MCAO).Observe the neurological deficit score at 24h,48h and 72h after the model is successfully prepared,then TTC staining method to detect the area of cerebral infarction,the content of superoxide dismutase(SOD),nitric oxide(NO)and endothelial NOS(eNOS)in brain tissue;Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of Caspase-3 positive cells in brain tissue;Western blot method was used to detect the expression of PI3K and AKT protein in brain tissue.72 experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 groups,sham operation group,model group(MCAO),extract of Phyllanthus urinaria low dose group(PuL5 g/kg),high dose group(PuL10 g/kg),and make MCAO model after 7 days of continuous administration,and continue to infuse the medicine once/d until the material is obtained.Results:No neurological deficits in the sham operation group,The 24h,48h and 72h of the modelling showed that the neurological impairment of the two doses of extract of Phyllanthus urinaria and the MCAO group was more severe than that of the sham operation group(P<0.01),however,with the prolongation of the modeling time,the neurological function scores of the two doses of extract of Phyllanthus urinaria were lower than those of the MCAO group,the most significant at 72h(P<0.01);The infarct size of the rats in the two dose groups of extract of Phyllanthus urinaria was lower than that of the MCAO group(P<0.01),and there was no dose dependence between the two groups,the content of SOD in the MCAO group was reduced,and the content of NO and eNOS was increased than the sham operation group(P<0.05),Compared with the MCAO group,the two administration groups significantly increased the content of SOD,decreased the content of NO and eNOS(P<0.05);Although the expression of Caspase-3 positive cells in the two administration groups was higher than that in the sham operation group,it was significantly lower than that in the MCAO group(Plow<0.05,Phigh<0.01);The expression of PI3K and AKT protein in the brain tissue of the MCAO group was significantly lower than that of the sham operation group(P<0.05),but the expression of PI3K and AKT protein in brain tissue of extract of Phyllanthus urinaria in high and low dose groups was significantly higher than that in MCAO group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Extract of Phyllanthus urinaria can improve neurological damage and cerebral infarction area in rats,and reduce the expression of Caspase-3 positive cells in MCAO rats,and then increase the expression levels of PI3K and AKT proteins to protect ischemic brain injury.

摘要： [Objectives]The paper was to investigate the protective effect of Fufang Yatongding on experimental periodontitis in rats.[Methods]Experimental periodontitis rats were randomly divided into blank group(5 rats),model group,control group and experimental group,with 8 rats in each group.The rats in the blank group were fed with normal diet,and those in the model group,control group and experimental group were administered intragastrically with normal saline,minocycline hydrochloride solution and Fufang Yatongding solution,respectively.After 4 weeks,alveolar bone resorption was measured.Serum matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)and inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA,and the changes in gingival tissue were observed by HE staining.[Results]Compared with the control group,the distance from enamel cementum to alveolar crest in the experimental group was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of serum MMPs and inflammatory factors in the experimental group were decreased(P<0.05).The results of HE staining showed that the cells in the gingival tissue of rats in the blank group were normal in morphology and intact in structure,and the cells in the gingival tissue of rats in the model group were damaged and out of order,while the cells in the control group were slightly intact and arranged orderly,and the pathological damage of rats in the experimental group was less than that in the control group.[Conclusions]Fufang Yatongding has protective effect on experimental periodontitis in rats by inhibiting the release of MMPs and inflammatory factors.

摘要： Objective:To investigate the intervention effect and specific mechanism of Jisheng Shenqi Decoction plus Panax notoginseng and Turmeric on carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats.Methods:SPF SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,and Chinese medicine treatment(low,medium and high dose)groups.The model group and Chinese medicine treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of 40%CCl4 olive oil solution twice a week.A rat model of liver fibrosis was replicated by the method for 8 weeks.After successful modeling,each drug-administered group was gavaged with corresponding drugs,and the control group and model group were gavaged with equal volume of distilled water,once a day,for 4 weeks.After the last intragastric administration,HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of liver tissue,and liver function(ALT,AST)was detected;ELISA method was used to determine transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β),angiotensin II(Ang-Ⅱ),chitinase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1),interleukin-1(IL-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)content;The expression levels of type I,type III collagen(Col-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅲ)and TGF-βmRNA were determined by RT-PCR.Results:①HE and Masson staining showed that a large number of liver cells in the model group were inflamed and necrotic,the collagen fibers in the liver tissue were extensively proliferated,the fibrous septa were interconnected,and the pseudolobules were formed.Compared with the model group,the levels of ALT,AST,TGF-β,Ang-Ⅱ,CHI3L1,IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-αin the traditional Chinese medicine treatment group were decreased,while the levels of Col-Ⅰ,Col-ⅢThe expressions ofⅢand TGF-βmRNA were decreased,and the effect was most obvious in the middle and high dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine(P<0.01).Conclusion:Jisheng Shenqi Decoction combined with Panax notoginseng and Biejia can significantly improve liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats,and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)-angiotensin II(Ang-II)-angiotensin II receptor 1(AT1R)signaling pathway related gene expression,reducing the level of related cytokines,promoting the degradation of extracellular matrix and so on.

摘要： Objective: To investigate the protective effects of the atomisation inhalation of edaravone on the lung tissues of rats with smoke inhalation injury. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each: normal control group (group A), normal saline atomisation group (group B), edaravone aerosol group (group C) and edaravone atomisation prevention group (group D). Barring group A, the groups were used to create a model of severe smoke inhalation injury. However, before developing the model, group D rats were made to inhale edaravone (3.6 mg/mL) for 10 min. Six hours following smoke inhalation injury, abdominal artery blood samples were centrifuged, the lung tissue homogenate was prepared and carotid artery blood samples were used for blood gas analysis and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) calculation. The levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10 in serum and the levels of cysteine protease 3 (caspase-3), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissues were examined. The wet-dry ratio (W/D) and water content of the lung tissue were calculated, and the TUNEL method was used to determine the rate of lung tissue apoptosis in each group. Tissue specimens were obtained from the partial lung for histopathological examination. Results: Compared with those in group A, the water content of the lung tissue, the rate of lung tissue apoptosis, W/D and the caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MDA and MPO levels were significantly greater in other groups (PP Compared with those in group B, the levels of W/D, the water content of the lung tissue, the rate of lung tissue apoptosis and the levels of caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and MPO were significantly low (P and the levels of IL-10, SOD and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly high in groups C and D (P The expression of the aforementioned factors was more evident in Group D (P < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that groups C and D had greater levels of inflammatory granulocytes than group B. This was more evident in group D. Conclusions: The inhalation of edaravone can reduce smoke inhalation-induced lung injury. This may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis, the reduction of peroxidation injury and the production/release of inflammatory mediators/free radicals. It exerts a remarkable preventive effect.

摘要： 可通过基于重选准则将第一重选候选小型蜂窝小区与第二重选候选小型蜂窝小区作比较来执行用于将用户设备从宏蜂窝小区转换到小型蜂窝小区的蜂窝小区重选，以及基于该比较来选择最终重选候选。

摘要： 公开了用于在无线网络中使用第一无线接入技术(RAT)和辅助RAT进行通信的系统和方法。可以使用第一RAT来与接入点建立第一连接，以及可以使用辅助RAT来与接入点建立第二连接。可以至少部分地基于辅助RAT的时间轴来对第一连接的时序进行同步。可以至少部分地基于对该时序进行同步，通过至少第一连接来与接入点传送数据，以及通过至少第二连接来与接入点传送控制数据，其中，该控制数据与通过至少第一连接传送数据有关。

摘要： 本发明公开涉及在使用第二RAT执行语音呼叫的同时使用第一RAT执行数据通信。使用第一无线电收发装置(例如，用于蜂窝通信的单个无线电收发装置)，使用第一无线电接入技术(RAT)执行数据通信，同时使用第二RAT执行语音呼叫。UE可以使用第一无线电收发装置来初始地利用第一RAT执行第一数据通信。在第一数据通信期间，UE可以不使用第二RAT进行通信，或者可以不一般地维护到第二RAT的连接。随后，UE可以接收对于使用第二RAT执行移动台发起的语音呼叫中的至少一个或接收移动台终止的语音呼叫的指示。因而，UE响应于指示利用第一无线电收发装置利用第二RAT执行语音呼叫。此外，UE可以利用第一无线电收发装置在语音呼叫期间利用第一RAT执行第二数据通信。

摘要： 描述了集成WLAN/WWAN无线电接入技术(“RAT”)架构，其中被用来控制WLAN/WWAN架构的集成的信令通过分组数据汇聚协议(“PDCP”)层和/或在其他层(例如，PDCP层与互联网协议(“IP”)层之间的层)被执行。当涉及PDCP层时，可以使用非标准PDCP分组，包括可变长度的PDCP分组。集成架构可以提供用于执行流量操纵和无线电资源管理的网络控制框架。

摘要： 本发明涉及执行从第二代RAT到第四代RAT的切换。在具有第一RAT、第二RAT和第三RAT的区域中将UE从第一RAT转变到第三RAT。第一RAT可以是第二代RAT，第二RAT可以是第三代RAT，并且第三RAT可以是第四代RAT。第一RAT的网络无法提供第三RAT的信息(例如，邻居列表)。UE可使用信息执行第三RAT的一个或多个基站的测量而不附接到第二RAT。例如，UE可使用预先存储的信息执行第三RAT的测量。替代地，或者另外，UE可从第二RAT接收信息(例如，来自系统信息块)而不附接到第二RAT。UE可随后从第一RAT转变到第三RAT。

摘要： 公开了用于在无线网络中使用第一无线接入技术(RAT)和辅助RAT进行通信的系统和方法。可以使用第一RAT来与接入点建立第一连接，以及可以使用辅助RAT来与接入点建立第二连接。可以至少部分地基于辅助RAT的时间轴来对第一连接的时序进行同步。通过至少第一连接与接入点的通信可以是至少部分地基于所同步的时序的。

摘要： 一种用于希望在无线通信系统的多RAT中同时传输数据的终端(10)的缓冲器状态报告方案，该方案使得不同RAT的多个基站(12、14)(例如LTE eNB、UMTS基站、WiFi接入点等)在终端(10)的协助下能够相互配合以在上行链路中实现多RAT多流聚合的有效无线资源调度。通过网络将无线承载配置用于多RAT多流聚合，并且将多个逻辑信道ID分配给可以与不同RAT相关联的该RB。出于无线资源调度的原因，可以将与特定RAT(或给定组的RAT)相关联的逻辑信道分为一个逻辑信道组。终端(10)根据配置对所有所涉及的RAT执行缓冲器状态报告，并将报告/指示发送给一个或更多个所涉及的基站(12、14)。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种用于设置多无线电接入技术(多RAT)设备对设备(D2D)通信的方法。无线发射/接收单元(WTRU)中的应用程序功能(AF)能够向策略控制功能(PCF)标识具有多无线电接入技术(多RAT)能力的WTRU组，其中该具有多RAT能力的WTRU组的一个或多个具有多RAT能力的WTRU注册为具有增强型设备对设备(ED2D)功能性。该AF能够从具有ED2D功能性的该具有多RAT能力的WTRU组中选择具有多RAT能力的WTRU，作为针对扩展型D2D操作的中继。具有ED2D功能的该设备将充当针对ED2D的中继(RED2D)。该PCF能够使用组相关信息重新配置该RED2D。该RED2D随后能够在该具有多RAT能力的WTRU组之间配置D2D通信。

摘要： 公开了一种发起将用户设备(UE)从第一类型的无线电接入技术(RAT)切换到第二类型的RAT的方法，其中，所述UE经由利用所述第一类型的RAT的无线电接入网(RAN)所包括的接入节点(AN)附接到核心网，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：所述UE向所述AN发送与所述UE和所述RAN中的接入节点之间的链路的质量有关的测量数据；所述UE从所述AN接收指示符，其中所述指示符通知所述UE存在丢失所述UE与所述无线电接入网之间的连接的风险；由所述接收到的指示符触发，所述UE发起切换，以便经由所述第二类型的RAT接入CN。

摘要： 公开了用于在无线网络中使用第一无线接入技术(RAT)和辅助RAT进行通信的系统和方法。可以使用第一RAT来与接入点建立第一连接，以及可以使用辅助RAT来与接入点建立第二连接。可以至少部分地基于辅助RAT的时间轴来对第一连接的时序进行同步。通过至少第一连接与接入点的通信可以是至少部分地基于所同步的时序的。