Management

摘要： Forests in Kenya are managed under different management regimes, including traditional community based forest management, command and control, participatory forest management, leasehold, concessions, and private. Assessment of these regimes’ impact (positively or negatively) on forest conservation has not been done. The study was done to determine the impact on forest conservation of three management regimes traditional community based forest management, command and control, and participatory forest management. The survey was done through secondary data, focus group discussion, key informant interview, household survey, ecological survey, and land cover and land use analysis through GIS. The results indicate that the forest site under participatory forest management witnessed better forest management. In this site, the forest zone witnessing best management was the one near the forest station where the rangers are located and adjacent to the community that has been involved in forest management and benefited most from project intervention, an incentive for their participation in forest management. The forests under traditional community based forest management faced a high forest degradation rate. Forest under command and control regime witnessed the best forest condition improvement attributed to the management regime not allowing consumptive forest resource utilization. Each regime was best under its’ legislative framework and would facilitate better forest management and contribute to improved livelihoods without compromising forest quality. Participatory forest management was the most preferred management regime contributing to better forest management, improved community livelihoods, and formally involved communities and other stakeholders. Each regime’s appropriateness would be enhanced through stakeholder capacity building, institutional reform, adequate financial facilitation, and appropriate implementation. Therefore, adopting participatory forest management attributes to the other two management regimes would enhance their appropriateness, while appreciating that the management objective determines the regime being implemented in each forest.

摘要： Third trimester bleeding is a common concern in obstetrics. The main objective of this work was to study the management of hemorrhages in the third trimester of pregnancy in the maternity ward of the Sominé Dolo hospital in Mopti. Our prospective descriptive cross-sectional survey type study conducted at the maternity ward of Sominé Dolo hospital in Mopti over a period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 included 94 cases collected. During this period we had performed 1485 deliveries including 94 cases of pregnancies complicated by 3rd trimester hemorrhage, a frequency of 6.33%. The main cause of hemorrhage in the third trimester was represented by placenta preavia 42.6% followed by retroplacental hematoma 28.7%, uterine rupture 26.6% and association Placenta preavia and retroplacental hematoma 2.1%. The type of intervention depended on the cause of the hemorrhage and the maternal and fetal condition. More than half of the cases of uterine rupture 52% had benefited from a hysterorrhaphy during a laparotomy (n = 13/25) against 48% from hysterectomy (n = 12/25). Caesarean section was performed in 87.5% (n = 35/40) against 12.5% vaginal delivery (n = 5/40) in case of placenta preavia. In the end, in 74% of cases (n = 20/27) of retroplacental hematoma, first-line cesarean section was performed. The maternal prognosis was represented by a mortality rate of 12% (n = 11/94) and morbidity dominated by hypovolemic shock 48.9% (n = 22/94), infections 28.8% (n = 13/94) and coagulopathy 11.1% (n = 5/94). The fetal prognosis was very poor. More than half (55%) of the newborns had succumbed against 45% of the newly born. In 55.3% of cases neonatal mortality occurred antenatally. Neonatal morbidity was represented by prematurity, i.e. 20.2% (n = 19/94) and low birth weight, i.e. 22.3% (n = 21/94).

摘要： The impressive technological advances in recent years have rapidly translated into the shift of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)from diagnostic modality into an interventional and therapeutic tool.Despite the great advance in its diagnosis,the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases are inoperable when diagnosed,thus demanding alternative optional therapies.EUS has emerged as an easy,minimally invasive modality targeting this carcinoma with different interventions that have been reported recently.In this review we summarize the evolving role of interventional therapeutic EUS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma management.

摘要： Across the world,there has been a rise in patients with diabetes,and the majority of them have type 2 diabetes.Management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its severe complications are causing a massive burden on resource-poor countries.There is a need to find a solution,and yoga seems to be a cost-effective method to deal with this problem.In this review,we aim to find out various evidence related to the effect of yoga on patients with type 2 DM,its role in prevention and implementation.

摘要： Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a common chronic debilitating disease with an estimated prevalence of 23.9%in the general adult population.The condition is characterised by joint pain,functional impairment and significant reduction in quality of life.Management for KOA can generally be divided into conservative(non-operative)and surgical(operative)measures.Conservative management broadly compromises pharmacological and non-pharmacological options and is conventionally the first line treatment to avoid or delay the need for surgical management.The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current recommendations,efficacy and safety profile of different conservative treatments through a review of the literature.

摘要： This study investigates the community-based ecotourism (CBE) model using a sample of the Aksu-Zhabagly nature reserve (NR). The aim is to propose a suitable CBE model for Aksu-Zhabgly nature-based tourism destinations by employing a combination of field observation, examination, evaluation, and SWOT analysis. The study determines the strategic suggestions for CBE model designing by the results of SWOT analysis. It concludes that convenient transportation and superior location, diversified wild animals and plants, rich in ethnocultural resources, traditional and tranquil life in a typical rural setting, hospitality and positive attitude of locals to tourism and great potential of the region for sustainable development of ecotourism are the strengths. At the same time, the far residential location from the provincial cities, low-quality service, outdated facilities and shortage of skilled employees in tourism management are the main weakness. Another group of constraints to tourism development is lack of tourism marketing and promotion agencies, lack of transparency, poor institution arrangement and corruption, and lack of preferential policies for CBE development. Finally, the paper recommends that economic development, environmental protection, culture and heritage, marketing and image, favorable political environment, and local residents’ empowerment are the main essential to effectively implement the sustainable development of CBE in the Aksu-Zhabagly tourist destination.

摘要： The main objective of the study was to examine the influence of vehicle fleet management practices on service delivery in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Zimbabwe. The study adopted a pragmatism research philosophy together with a mixed method research paradigm. In addition, structured questionnaires were distributed to 344 respondents drawn from 86 SOEs. Stratified and purposive sampling was used. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done on all items of the study while research hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS version 21. The study concluded that vehicle maintenance, fuel management, driver management and vehicle replacement positively influence service delivery. In addition, the study also established that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) moderate the influence of vehicle fleet management practices on service delivery. The study recommended that there is need for regular driver training and vehicle programs encompassing electronic spares tracking.

摘要： Pain is a common event in many scenarios involving healthcare, from birth to death, in the hospital or outside of it. The overall purpose of this work was to critically review articles on types of pain and options employed in managing pain. Some electronic sources like google scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase were used to source for information. The articles were reviewed according to the various themes of the topic. From the different sources pain is categorized as acute or chronic with physical, psychological and social characteristics. Effective management of pain utilizes both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy. Pharmacological therapy employs non-opioids medications. Prolonged or unnecessary use of opioids causes some harmful side effects to the patient. Non-pharmacologic therapy plays a significant role and should be included in the multidisciplinary treatment plan. Nurses are members of the healthcare team who spend most of their time with patients as such they must work in collaboration with other healthcare professionals to facilitate patient’s recovery from pain. Healthcare professionals should also make use of internationally recognized guidelines during practice.

摘要： Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a major global public health problem,particularly in developing part of the world.Significant advances have been made in the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Its management has been particularly revolutionized during the past two decades.In this review,we summarize the major advances in the diagnostic and management armamentarium for chronic HCV infection.The focus of the present review is on the newer directly acting anti-viral agents,which have revolutionized the management of chronic HCV infection.Management of uncomplicated chronic HCV infection and of specific complications and special at-risk populations of patients will be covered in detail.Despite the advent and approval of highly effective and well tolerable oral agents,still many challenges remain,particularly the affordability,the equitable distribution and access to later drugs.The World Health Organization aims to eliminate viral hepatitis including HCV by 2030 since its poses a major public health threat.There is an urgent need to ensure uniform and early access to diagnostic and therapeutic facilities throughout the world if the later goal has to be realized.

摘要： In this review intended for medical staff involved in patient rehabilitation,we provided an overview of the basic methods for managing amputation stumps.After the amputation surgery,it is imperative to optimize the remaining physical abilities of the amputee through rehabilitation processes,including postoperative rehabilitation,desensitization,and continuous application of soft or rigid dressings for pain reduction and shaping of the stump.Depending on the situation,a prosthesis may be worn in the early stage of recovery or an immediate postoperative prosthesis may be applied to promote stump maturation.Subsequently,to maintain the range of motion of the stump and to prevent deformation,the remaining portion of the limb should be positioned to prevent contracture.Continuous exercises should also be performed to improve muscle strength to ensure that the amputee is able to perform activities of daily living,independently.Additionally,clean wound or edema management of the stump is necessary to prevent problems associated with wearing the prosthesis.Our review is expected to contribute to the establishment of basic protocols that will be useful for stump management from the time of completion of amputation surgery to the fitting of a prosthesis to optimize patient recovery.

摘要： Because the culture of corporate entrepreneurship emphasizes the importance of innovation andadventure, so it always causes conflicts and contradictions with the current organizational culture. Therefore,these conflicts affect the culture construction of intrapreneur ship. The aim of this paper is to mainly analyzefive barriers that will emerge in the culture construction's process of corporate entrepreneurship, which are cultural inertia, highly dependent on external culture, obstacles of organization structure, less support from high-level management and ignorance of culture innovation. And it also provides relevant resolutions that are coordinating the different cultures, changing management system and converting the top management's percephons, etc.

摘要： This paper mainly discusses the automated stereoscopic warehouse's automation andnology, and also management automation system's hardware and software design. Due to the tages of automated stereoscopic warehouse, it attracts more and more people's attention.rn As the society's progress and modern technology's development, companies keep pace with these footstepsand gradually expand their production scale. Under such circumstances, automated warehouse emerges and becomes an indispensable part of modern production logistics links. Automated warehouse is not just a part ofCIMSand FMS, but an integral part of modern logisticsproject cargo storage links. As the automated warehouse can automatically access the goods, information retrieval,which greatly improves labor productivity, reduce logistics costs. Besides it has many advantages, such as accounted for a small ground, high space utilization.

摘要： Within the context of Chinese and Ethiopian educational cooperation, this paper gives a detailedintroduction of current student management practices both in China and Ethiopia, and then makes initial andbrief comparisons for purpose of enabling college administrators from both countries to learn from each otherand ultimately to train and educate students to become well developed.

摘要： Design management is the essential elements for modern enterprise to success.Design management should be introduced and improved by enterprise in order to design and develop competitive products.The purpose of this paper isto provide new ideas of modern enterprise design management based on the present situation of modern enterprise design management.

摘要： Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on large-scale infrastructure construction projects and its management in China mainly focus on the preparatory stage and the check-and-accept procedure of the project cycle, either as a prerequisite of issuing permit to go ahead or a passport to turn to operation. The EIA documents are seldom updated to address changes of impacts due to modification of the project profile. Inconsistency between the EIA and the progressive project compromises effectiveness of the EIA and the environmental management action. This paper analyzes the drawbacks of the current practice and key factors lying behind. A SWOT analysis was made to identify the main actors in improvement of the existing EIA system and a concept of dynamic and active EIA is introduced. Some suggestions are presented to implement the dynamic EIA and fill the management gap.

摘要： 本发明一种财务管理(Financial Management)混沌相空间李雅普洛夫指数预测方法及装置，涉及分配与流通方面的指标监测预警领域，尤其是涉及一种污染物财务管理(Financial Management)的预测方法及系统，属于物理方法的分析类(B01D)。其特征在于所述方法依序包括的具体步骤为：A、按照全年365天每天24小时整点提取财务管理(Financial Management)监测数据，组成财务管理(Financial Management)监测数据小时时间序列；B、求取财务管理(Financial Management)监测数据小时时间序列的自相关函数；C、求取财务管理(Financial Management)监测数据小时时间序列的饱和关联维数等。本发明提出的方法能有效预防和控制分配与流通方面突发事件，最大限度地减少可能造成的损失。