insulin

摘要： Background:The prime objective of the current research was to evaluate the whole plant hydroalcoholic extract of Ludwigia octovalvis(HLO)against hyperglycemia,and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats induced with diabetes comorbid depression,diabetes comorbid depression(streptozotocin-nicotinamide+electric footshocks).Methods:2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay of HLO versus ascorbic acid was done.Effects of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day HLO doses versus 25 mg/kg body weight/day metformin was studied through insulin,glucose,superoxide dismutase,lipid peroxidation,catalase,and behavioral assessment(forced swim and open field tests).Results:IC50 values of HLO and ascorbic acid were 33.52 and 27.86μg/mL respectively.Both the HLO doses showed intended results with respect to oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetes comorbid depression rats in comparison to metformin.Open field test showed better results for HLO in diabetes comorbid depression rats.However,hypoglycemic effects,and forced swim test performance of metformin was slightly higher than the 400 mg dose,followed by the 200 mg dose of HLO.Ethyl gallate,gallic acid,β-sitosterol,and quercetin in HLO might resulted in attenuating diabetic as well as depression biomarkers.Conclusion:Inhibition of glucosidase and lipase activity,and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation might be the possible biochemical changes occurred in HLO treated rats.

摘要： BACKGROUND Diabetes rates among pregnant women in the United States have been increasing and are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.AIM To investigate differences in birth outcomes(preterm birth,macrosomia,and neonatal death)by diabetes status.METHODS Cross-sectional design,using linked Missouri birth and death certificates(singleton births only),2010 to 2012(n=204057).Exposure was diabetes non-diabetic,pre-pregnancy diabetes-insulin dependent(PD-I),pre-pregnancy diabetes-non-insulin dependent(PD-NI),gestational diabetes-insulin dependent(GD-I),and gestational diabetes-non-insulin dependent(GD-NI).Outcomes included preterm birth,macrosomia,and infant mortality.Confounders included demographic characteristics,adequacy of prenatal care,body mass index,smoking,hypertension,and previous preterm birth.Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression assessed differences in outcomes by diabetes status.RESULTS Women with PD-I,PD-NI,and GD-I remained at a significantly increased odds for preterm birth(aOR 2.87,aOR 1.77,and aOR 1.73,respectively)and having a very large baby[macrosomia](aOR 3.01,aOR 2.12,and aOR 1.96,respectively);in reference to non-diabetic women.Women with GDNI were at a significantly increased risk for macrosomia(aOR1.53),decreased risk for their baby to die before their first birthday(aOR 0.41)and no difference in risk for preterm birth in reference to non-diabetic women.CONCLUSION Diabetes is associated with the poor birth outcomes.Clinical management of diabetes during pregnancy and healthy lifestyle behaviors before pregnancy can reduce the risk for diabetes and poor birth outcomes.

摘要： Type 1 diabetes is caused by insulin deficiency due to the loss of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans.In severe cases,islet transplantation into the portal vein is performed.However,due to the loss of transplanted islets and the failure of islet function,the 5-year insulin independence rate of these patients is<50%.In this study,we developed a long-term,insulin-secreting,3 Dbioprinted construct implanted subcutaneously with the aim of preventing islet loss.The bioprinted construct was fabricated by the multi-layer bioprinting of beta-cell(mouse insulinoma-6:MIN-6)-encapsulated alginate bioink and poly(caprolactone)biodegradable polymer.A glucose response assay revealed that the bioprinted constructs proliferated and released insulin normally during the 4-week in vitro period.Bioprinted MIN-6 generated clusters with a diameter of 100-200μm,similar to the original pancreatic islets in the construct.In an in vivo study using type 1 diabetes mice,animals implanted with bioprinted constructs showed three times higher insulin secretion and controlled glucose levels at 8 weeks after implantation.Because the implanted,bioprinted constructs had a positive effect on insulin secretion in the experimental animals,the survival rate of the implanted group(75%)was three times higher than that of the non-implanted group(25%).The results suggest that the proposed,3 D-bioprinted,subcutaneous construct can be a better alternative to portal vein islet transplantation.

摘要： BACKGROUND When combined with vanadium salts,catecholamines strongly activate glucose uptake in rat and mouse adipocytes.AIM To test whether catecholamines activate glucose transport in human adipocytes.METHODS The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose(2-DG)was measured in adipocytes isolated from pieces of abdominal subcutaneous tissue removed from women undergoing reconstructive surgery.Pharmacological approaches with amine oxidase inhibitors,adrenoreceptor agonists and antioxidants were performed to unravel the mechanisms of action of noradrenaline or adrenaline(also named epinephrine).RESULTS In human adipocytes,45-min incubation with 100μmol/L adrenaline or noradrenaline activated 2-DG uptake up to more than one-third of the maximal response to insulin.This stimulation was not reproduced with millimolar doses of dopamine or serotonin and was not enhanced by addition of vanadate to the incubation medium.Among various natural amines and adrenergic agonists tested,no other molecule was more efficient than adrenaline and noradrenaline in stimulating 2-DG uptake.The effect of the catecholamines was not impaired by pargyline and semicarbazide,contrarily to that of benzylamine or methylamine,which are recognized substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase.Hydrogen peroxide at 1 mmol/L activated hexose uptake but not pyrocatechol or benzoquinone,and only the former was potentiated by vanadate.Catalase and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin inhibited adrenaline-induced activation of 2-DG uptake.CONCLUSION High doses of catecholamines exert insulin-like actions on glucose transport in human adipocytes.At submillimolar doses,vanadium did not enhance this catecholamine activation of glucose transport.Consequently,this dismantles our previous suggestion to combine the metal ion with catecholamines to improve the benefit/risk ratio of vanadium-based antidiabetic approaches.

摘要： Insulin,a key pleiotropic hormone,regulates metabolism through several signaling pathways in target tissues including skeletal muscle,liver,and brain.In the brain,insulin modulates learning and memory,and impaired insulin signaling is associated with metabolic dysregulation and neurodegenerative diseases.At the receptor level,in aging and Alzheimer’s disease(AD)models,the amount of insulin receptors and their functions are decreased.Clinical and animal model studies suggest that memory improvements are due to changes in insulin levels.Furthermore,diabetes mellitus(DM)and insulin resistance are associated with age-related cognitive decline,increased levels ofβ-amyloid peptide,phosphorylation of tau protein;oxidative stress,pro-inflammatory cytokine production and dyslipidemia. Recent evidence shows that deleting brain insulin receptors leads to mildobesity and insulin resistance without influencing brain size and apoptosis development.Conversely, deleting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) affects brain size anddevelopment, and contributes to behavior changes. Insulin is synthesized locally in the brain andis released from the neurons. Here, we reviewed proposed pathophysiological hypotheses toexplain increased risk of dementia in the presence of DM. Regardless of the exact sequence ofevents leading to neurodegeneration, there is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctionplays a key role in AD and DM. A triple transgenic mouse model of AD showed mitochondrialdysfunction, oxidative stress, and loss of synaptic integrity. These alterations are comparable tothose induced in wild-type mice treated with sucrose, which is consistent with the proposal thatmitochondrial alterations are associated with DM and contribute to AD development. Alterationsin insulin/IGF-1 signaling in DM could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and low antioxidantcapacity of the cell. Thus, insulin/IGF-1 signaling is important for increased neural processing andsystemic metabolism, and could be a specific target for therapeutic strategies to decreasealterations associated with age-related cognitive decline.

摘要： Currently,glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)has been considered as the key player for the insulin-stimulated glucose transport in the muscle and adipose tissues.The development of recombinant DNA techniques allows the creations of genetically knockout,knockdown and transgenic animals and cells for the study of GLUT4’s physiological functions.Here,we have used key words to search the PubMed and summarized the methods used in Slc2a4 gene knockout,GLUT4 knockdown and overexpression in the whole body and tissue specific manner.The whole body GLUT4-null mice have growth retardation,but normal glucose tolerance and basal glucose turnover rates.Compared with whole body Slc2a4 knockout mice,adipose and muscle double knockout mice have impaired insulin tolerance and glucose intolerance.The results of GLUT4 knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes have shown that its expression is needed for lipogenesis after,but not during,differentiation.Transgenic mice with the whole body GLUT4 overexpression have normal body weight and lowered blood glucose level.The adipose tissue specific overexpression of GLUT4 leads to increases in mouse body weight and adipose tissue weight.The insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in the skeletal muscle contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis.Data from both transgenic overexpression and tissue specific Slc2a4 knockout indicate that GLUT4 probably plays a role in the glucose uptake in the fasting state.More studies are warranted to use advanced molecular biology tools to decipher the roles of GLUT4 in the control of glucose homeostasis.

摘要： BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a serious and growing global health burden.It is estimated that 80%of diabetic patients have micturition problems such as poor emptying,urinary incontinence,urgency,and urgency incontinence.Patients with diabetic bladder dysfunction are often resistant to currently available therapies.It is necessary to develop new and effective treatment methods.AIM To examine the therapeutic effect of human amniotic fluid stem cells(hAFSCs)therapy on bladder dysfunction in a type 2 diabetic rat model.METHODS Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups:Group 1,normal-diet control(control);group 2,high-fat diet(HFD);group 3,HFD plus streptozotocin-induced DM(DM);group 4,DM plus insulin treatment(DM+insulin);group 5,DM plus hAFSCs injection via tail vein(DM+hAFSCs).Conscious cystometric studies were done at 4 and 12 wk after insulin or hAFSCs treatment to measure peak voiding pressure,voided volume,intercontraction interval,bladder capacity,and residual volume.Immunoreactivities and/or mRNA expression of muscarinic receptors,nerve growth factor(NGF),and sensory nerve markers in the bladder and insulin,MafA,and pancreatic-duodenal homeobox-1(PDX-1)in pancreatic beta cells were studied.RESULTS Compared with DM rats,insulin but not hAFSCs treatment could reduce the bladder weight and improve the voided volume,intercontraction interval,bladder capacity,and residual volume(P0.05).The immunoreactivities and mRNA expression of M2-and M3-muscarinic receptors(M2 and M3)were increased mainly at 4 wk(P0.05).CONCLUSION Insulin but not hAFSCs therapy can recover the bladder dysfunction caused by DM;however,hAFSCs and insulin therapy can help to regain bladder function to near the levels of control.

摘要： Insulin, an old but still actual molecule, has many roles in various cellular processes including bone formation and also angiogenesis. Insulin effects on different cell types were investigated, and we intended to check its effect on dental pulp cells (DPC) during osteoblast differentiation. First, bone differentiation ability of isolated dental pulp cells was assessed by alizarin red (AR) staining. Insulin increased dental pulp cell proliferation after 25 hours of culture. It increased mRNA expression of osteogenic markers such as Col1, RunX2, ALP, Osc, Mef2C and expression of genes involved in TGF b pathway such as Smad3, TSP1, VEGF at different time points.

摘要： Diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for admission to intensive care unit and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).On the other hand,medications used in the management of COVID-19 are potentially associated with increases in blood glucose levels and a higher incidence of infections.Accordingly,care of patients with DM and acute COVID-19 requires careful consideration of both diseases.Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are associated with adverse outcomes and therefore frequent measurement of blood glucose levels and a basal-bolus insulin regimen are required in most patients.Regarding the management of COVID-19,dexamethasone increases blood glucose levels and might also increase the risk for infections.On the other hand,limited data suggest that antiviral and immunomodulatory agents used in COVID-19 are not strongly associated with higher incidence of infections in this population.As knowledge evolves in this field,optimization of the management of both DM and COVID-19 will hopefully improve the outcome of these patients。

摘要： 美国FDA于2021年7月28日批准了一种胰岛素生物仿制药(biosimilar)Semglee(insulin glargine-yfgn,甘精胰岛素-yfgn),可用于成人和儿童治疗1型糖尿病,也可用于成人治疗2型糖尿病。Semglee的仿制对象是Lantus(insulin glargine,甘精胰岛素,一种长效胰岛素类似物),并且可以与Lantus相互替代。Semglee也是FDA批准的第一种可与仿制对象相互替代的胰岛素类生物仿制药产品。

摘要： The mechanism of xylitol poisoning in dogs was studied. Eighteen adult,clinicallynormal Pekingese dogs (9/sex,3±1 years/age) with body weights (7±1kg) were fed xylitol solution.Blood samples were collected on min 0,10,20,30,40,50,60,90,120,180,240 and h 4,8,12,24,72,120,168 before and after feeding xylitol solution. The level of insulin of low dosing group (LD) andhigh dosing group (HD,P<0.01) groups rose sharply from min 20 after feeding the xylitol solution,peaking on minute 40; so the blood glucose values of them started to decrease from min 30,andreached lowest ones on min 50 (P<0.01). The values of ALT (LD) and AST (HD) increaseddramatically higher (P<0.01) than that of the control groups (CO) from h 4 to 12,respectively. Thesignificant differences (P<0.01) of the activity of ALT (HD) lasted for 3 days. In contrast with that ofCO,both the values of calcium iron of LD and HD were much higher on min 60 (P<0.05); however,the values of inorganic phosphorus of LD and HD were far lower (P<0.01) at the same time. Thelevels of potassium ion begun to decline on min 40,and reached the lowest ones (P<0.01) (LD,on min90; HD,on min 60). The other parameters had no significant differences between groups. This studysupplied the base data for diagnosis and treatment the xylitol poisoning in dogs.

摘要： @@ 胰岛素瘤是功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤中最常见的一种，是一种临床罕见的肿瘤。由于胰岛素瘤定位诊断比较困难，诊治率较低。近年来，随着动脉造影、胃镜超声、超声造影等新的影像学检查技术的出现，国内外对该病的报道有上升的趋势，该病越来越多地引起人们的关注。然而其定位诊断仍然较困难，治疗方法有限，仍需进一步探索新的定位诊断技术及治疗手段。胰岛素瘤难以通过HE染色区别出其细胞类型，所以本文采用免疫组织化学染色方法研究Insulin在胰岛素瘤中的表达来加以鉴别。

摘要： @@ 胰岛素瘤是功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤中最常见的一种，是一种临床罕见的肿瘤。由于胰岛素瘤定位诊断比较困难，诊治率较低。近年来，随着动脉造影、胃镜超声、超声造影等新的影像学检查技术的出现，国内外对该病的报道有上升的趋势，该病越来越多地引起人们的关注。然而其定位诊断仍然较困难，治疗方法有限，仍需进一步探索新的定位诊断技术及治疗手段。胰岛素瘤难以通过HE染色区别出其细胞类型，所以本文采用免疫组织化学染色方法研究Insulin在胰岛素瘤中的表达来加以鉴别。

摘要： @@ 胰岛素瘤是功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤中最常见的一种，是一种临床罕见的肿瘤。由于胰岛素瘤定位诊断比较困难，诊治率较低。近年来，随着动脉造影、胃镜超声、超声造影等新的影像学检查技术的出现，国内外对该病的报道有上升的趋势，该病越来越多地引起人们的关注。然而其定位诊断仍然较困难，治疗方法有限，仍需进一步探索新的定位诊断技术及治疗手段。胰岛素瘤难以通过HE染色区别出其细胞类型，所以本文采用免疫组织化学染色方法研究Insulin在胰岛素瘤中的表达来加以鉴别。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种草鱼

摘要： 本发明属于基因工程技术领域，具体公开了一种斜带石斑鱼

摘要： 本发明涉及一种改造的人Insulin蛋白表达基因及表达方法。在花生油体蛋白系统中易于表达的人Insulin蛋白表达基因片段，将表达人Insulin蛋白的表达基因按照花生偏好的密码子进行优化，并进行如下改造：将表达A链的基因片段中表达Asn21的核苷酸变为表达Gly21的核苷酸，同时表达B链基因片段的末端添加表达Arg31、Arg32两个氨基酸残基的核苷酸。本发明采用油体蛋白系统在花生种子中表达人Insulin蛋白，利用花生种子含油量丰富的特点，使油体蛋白占种子总蛋白的10％以上，人Insulin蛋白表达基因经过密码子优化与花生油体蛋白融合表达实现了Insulin蛋白的高水平积累。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种表达Pdx1/insulin双报告基因的诱导多能干细胞系的构建及其应用。本发明提供了使多能干细胞定向诱导分化为胰岛β细胞的方法，包括如下步骤：1)将多能干细胞形成胚胎小体；2)将所述胚胎小体去甲基化处理，得到去甲基化处理后细胞；3)将所述去甲基化处理后细胞依次分化为内胚层细胞、原肠细胞、胰腺前体细胞、内分泌前体细胞和胰岛β细胞。本研究证明了表达Pdx1‑mRFP/insulin‑hrGFP双报告基因的hiPSC系在建立及优化β细胞分化方法中具有重要价值。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种中黑盲蝽insulin receptor substrate 1基因及其应用，属于昆虫基因工程技术领域。本发明所述基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。本发明还设计了所述基因的RNA干扰序列，所述干扰序列dsRNA对中黑盲蝽insulin receptor substrate 1基因具有良好的沉默效果。注射该干扰序列，显著降低了中黑盲蝽卵巢的挂卵量，抑制了中黑盲蝽的产卵量，最终导致了中黑盲蝽的生殖能力下降，可以有效的控制其种群的发展，可用于转基因抗虫植物的开发以及中黑盲蝽的生物防治。

摘要： 本发明涉及酶联免疫技术领域，公开了一种生物素化的insulin抗原及其生物素化工艺。本发明通过改进的生物素化工艺对insulin抗原进行生物素化，获得式1所示结构的生物素化的insulin抗原，再经预先包被亲和素放大作用，大大提高了抗原insulin的包被效率，从而能显著提高以其制备的insulin抗体检测试剂或试剂盒的灵敏度，可大大提高insulin抗体检测的阳性率，减少漏检或误检的几率；

摘要： 本发明属于基因工程技术领域，具体公开了一种斜带石斑鱼insulin基因、编码蛋白及其应用。所述insulin基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示，其编码的insulin蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。本发明首次克隆获得斜带石斑鱼insulin基因，并将该基因构建表达载体和重组大肠杆菌菌株，利用重组大肠杆菌菌株在体外获得大量表达的重组斜带石斑鱼insulin蛋白，该蛋白能够促进斜带石斑鱼等海水鱼类对糖脂的利用和生长，可以用于制备适合海水鱼类使用的促生长剂或饵料添加剂，具有较大的应用前景。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种中黑盲蝽insulin receptor substrate 1基因及其应用，属于昆虫基因工程技术领域。本发明所述基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。本发明还设计了所述基因的RNA干扰序列，所述干扰序列dsRNA对中黑盲蝽insulin receptor substrate 1基因具有良好的沉默效果。注射该干扰序列，显著降低了中黑盲蝽卵巢的挂卵量，抑制了中黑盲蝽的产卵量，最终导致了中黑盲蝽的生殖能力下降，可以有效的控制其种群的发展，可用于转基因抗虫植物的开发以及中黑盲蝽的生物防治。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种表达Pdx1/insulin双报告基因的诱导多能干细胞系的构建及其应用。本发明提供了使多能干细胞定向诱导分化为胰岛β细胞的方法，包括如下步骤：1)将多能干细胞形成胚胎小体；2)将所述胚胎小体去甲基化处理，得到去甲基化处理后细胞；3)将所述去甲基化处理后细胞依次分化为内胚层细胞、原肠细胞、胰腺前体细胞、内分泌前体细胞和胰岛β细胞。本研究证明了表达Pdx1‑mRFP/insulin‑hrGFP双报告基因的hiPSC系在建立及优化β细胞分化方法中具有重要价值。

摘要： 本发明涉及酶联免疫技术领域，公开了一种生物素化的insulin抗原及其生物素化工艺。本发明通过改进的生物素化工艺对insulin抗原进行生物素化，获得式1所示结构的生物素化的insulin抗原，再经预先包被亲和素放大作用，大大提高了抗原insulin的包被效率，从而能显著提高以其制备的insulin抗体检测试剂或试剂盒的灵敏度，可大大提高insulin抗体检测的阳性率，减少漏检或误检的几率；