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放射疗法,辅助

放射疗法,辅助的相关文献在2000年到2021年内共计60篇,主要集中在肿瘤学、临床医学、外科学 等领域,其中期刊论文60篇、专利文献298427篇;相关期刊36种,包括中国临床保健杂志、医学临床研究、实用医学影像杂志等; 放射疗法,辅助的相关文献由250位作者贡献,包括傅骏、吴唯勤、张敏等。

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放射疗法,辅助

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  • 傅骏
  • 吴唯勤
  • 张敏
  • 戎铁华
  • 费春松
  • 郁宝铭
  • 陈利文
  • 丁尚伟
  • 于晓牧
  • 付卫江
  • 期刊论文
  • 专利文献

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    • 赵红利; 杨琴; 龚钿; 汪小舟; 黄春梅; 张仕田; 李嵘
    • 摘要: 目的 观察子宫动脉灌注栓塞化疗、全身静脉化疗和体外放疗在宫颈癌Ⅰb2期到Ⅱb期患者术前辅助治疗中的疗效.方法 选择2017年1月至2020年1月在眉山市人民医院妇科收治的原发性宫颈癌患者220例,在行手术治疗前,依据治疗方式分为子宫动脉灌注栓塞化疗组72例,全身静脉化疗组75例和体外放疗组73例,术后1个月观察3组患者的近期临床症状缓解、肿块消退情况及胃肠道不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗1个月后,(1)三组患者临床症状均有不同程度缓解,子宫动脉灌注栓塞化疗组总缓解率83.33%(60/72)优于全身静脉化疗组68.00%(51/75)和体外放疗组64.38%(47/73),P值均<0.05;(2)子宫动脉灌注栓塞化疗组患者的肿块消退情况明显优于全身静脉化疗组和体外放疗组,子宫动脉灌注栓塞化疗组的总有效率为87.50%(63/72),明显高于全身静脉化疗组的72.00%(54/75)和体外放疗组的68.49%(50/73),P值均<0.05;(3)子宫动脉灌注栓塞化疗组的无反应比例43.06%(31/72)明显高于体外放疗组20.55%(15/73),P值均<0.05.结论 子宫动脉灌注栓塞化疗联合手术治疗能有效控制Ⅰb2期到Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者病情的发展,能提高近期临床症状缓解率,疗效优于全身静脉化疗及体外放疗,且胃肠道不良反应发生率低.
    • 姚宏伟; 吴国聪; 杨盈赤; 金岚; 张忠涛
    • 摘要: 男性,50岁,体重质量指数(BMI)26.7 kg/m2,初始诊断为“低位直肠癌”,肿瘤分期为cT3CN1M0;经过术前新辅助放疗后的肿瘤分期为ycT2N0M0,肿瘤下缘距离肛缘的距离为4.5 cm。患者在放疗后6周接受了腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术,我们采用经腹和经肛两组手术医生团队同时实施手术,经下腹部小切口取出全直肠系膜切除的标本,在腹腔镜辅助下完成消化道重建,并采用荧光腹腔镜吲哚菁绿显像的方法检测吻合口血运。
    • 闫茂慧; 曲宝林; 蔡博宁; 俞伟; 杜乐辉; 梁岚青; 刘芳
    • 摘要: 目的 探讨新辅助放化疗联合手术治疗潜在可手术胸段食管鳞癌的疗效与安全性.方法 选取2016年7月—2018年6月于中国人民解放军总医院住院的中晚期胸段食管鳞癌患者19例,均采用新辅助同步放化疗:调强适形放疗(40~44 Gy/20~22次,2 Gy/次),化疗(紫杉醇注射液150~175 mg/m2+注射用洛铂25~30 mg/m2,放疗第1和21天分别行同步化疗2周期),放化疗后行手术治疗,观察患者治疗后的疗效及安全性.结果 19例患者经新辅助放化疗后完全缓解2例,占10.5%,部分缓解17例,占89.5%,客观缓解率为100.0%;所有患者成功行根治性手术,术后R0切除率为100.0%,病理完全缓解率为52.6%;新辅助放化疗主要不良反应为粒细胞减少,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级粒细胞减少发生率为16.7%;术后1例患者发生吻合口瘘.结论 新辅助放化疗治疗胸段食管鳞癌可有效缩小肿瘤体积,病理降级效果明显,提高手术切除率,不良反应轻,值得临床推广应用.
    • 韩哲; 李苗; 刘巍; 李春德; 宫剑; 马振宇; 田永吉
    • 摘要: 目的 探讨儿童颅内室管膜瘤的治疗方法以及预后.方法 回顾性分析2012年9月至2016年9月于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科首诊治疗的48例儿童颅内室管膜瘤患者的临床资料.48例患儿的肿瘤均为单发,其中肿瘤位于小脑幕下34例、小脑幕上14例.所有患儿均行手术切除,术后予辅助放疗和(或)化疗,并定期进行门诊和电话随访.采用Kaplan-Meier法分析患儿的生存预后,以Cox回归分析探讨患儿生存期的影响因素.结果 48例患者中,31例初次手术时获肿瘤全切除,17例行次全切除.术后病理学结果提示,经典型室管膜瘤[世界卫生组织(WHO)Ⅱ级]4例,间变性室管膜瘤(WHOⅢ级)26例,部分间变性室管膜瘤(介于WHOⅡ、Ⅲ级之间)18例.术后21例仅出现原位复发,其中20例行再次手术;7例发生原位复发合并远处播散,其中4例行再次手术.48例患儿中,术后接受放疗46例次,化疗42例次.2例随访期内因脑积水死亡,14例因肿瘤复发死亡.48例患儿的随访时间为5~68个月,中位时间为34个月.3年无进展生存率和总生存率分别为29.3%和70.8%,28例复发患者的3年总生存率为62.1%.单因素分析结果表明,首次手术切除程度是影响儿童室管膜瘤患者无进展生存期的因素(P=0.027),患者的诊断年龄、肿瘤的发病部位、末次手术切除程度可能为室管膜瘤患者总生存期的影响因素(均P<0.05).多因素分析结果表明,末次手术切除程度(RR=3.568,95%CI:1.638~7.775,P=0.001)为患者总生存期的独立影响因素.结论 对于儿童颅内室管膜瘤患者,手术切除仍为最重要的治疗手段,肿瘤切除程度与生存结局有关.%Objective To investigate the treatment and prognosis of intracranial ependymoma in children. Methods The clinical data of 48 children with intracranial ependymoma who were first diagnosed and treated at Department of Neurosurgery,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2012 to September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The tumors were solitary in 48 patients, including under-tentorial tumors in 34 cases and supratentorial tumors in 14 cases. All patients underwent surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and regular outpatient and telephone follow-up. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate of patients, and Cox regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of survival. Results Of the 48 patients, 31 achieved gross total resection at the first operation and 17 received subtotal resection. Postoperative pathological results showed that classical ependymomas ( WHO gradeⅡ) was in 4 cases, anaplastic ependymomas ( WHO gradeⅢ) in 26 cases, and partial anaplastic ependymomas ( between WHO gradeⅡandⅢ) in 18 cases. Postoperative local recurrence occurred in 21 cases, of which 20 cases underwent reoperation. 7 cases developed local recurrence with distant dissemination, of which 4 cases underwent reoperation. Of 48 patients, radiotherapy were performed in 46 cases/times and chemotherapy in 42 patients/times after operation. 2 cases died of hydrocephalus and 14 cases died of recurrence of tumors. The follow-up time of 48 patients ranged from 5 to 68 months, with a median of 34 months. The 3-year progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate were 29. 3% and 70. 8%respectively. The 3-year overall survival rate of 28 patients with recurrence was 62. 1%. Univariate analysis showed that for children with ependymoma, the degree of first surgical excision was a factor affecting progression free survival(P=0. 027). The age of diagnosis, the location of the tumors and the degree of last surgical excision might be the influencing factors of overall survival in patients with ependymoma ( all P <0. 05). Multivariate analysis showed that the degree of resection (RR=3. 568,95%CI:1. 638-7. 775,P=0. 001) was an independent factor affecting the survival time of patients. Conclusions Surgical resection is still the most important treatment for children with ependymoma. The degree of tumor resection is related to survival outcomes.
    • 梁廷波
    • 摘要: 对于不伴远处转移的胰腺癌,以手术为核心的综合治疗渐成为共识.目前,多项大样本回顾性临床研究已凸显新辅助治疗的价值,各权威指南也越来越重视新辅助治疗在胰腺癌中的地位.多项大型前瞻性多中心临床研究正在进行,且多数研究的初步结果均提示新辅助治疗可提高肿瘤的根治性切除率并改善生存.但新辅助治疗在胰腺癌中,特别是在可切除胰腺癌中的应用价值仍存在争议.此外,有关胰腺癌新辅助治疗的方案选择、治疗周期及术后接续的辅助方案等问题目前也尚无共识.相信随着高等级循证医学证据的不断出现,新辅助治疗将在胰腺癌中得到更广泛的应用.
    • 摘要: 胰腺导管腺癌恶性程度极高,肿瘤相关死亡率逐年上升.尽管外科手术技术不断提高,但患者术后的5年生存率仍低于30%.近年来研究结果显示,胰腺导管腺癌是一种系统性疾病,一期切除难以彻底治愈,需要围手术期多学科治疗.随着“潜在可治愈胰腺癌”这一概念的提出,临床医师需要在术前对胰腺导管腺癌的可切除性进行准确评估,并通过新辅助放化疗、手术及辅助放化疗等多学科治疗,提高R0切除率并降低肿瘤早期转移风险.因此,对胰腺导管腺癌的治疗目标不再满足于“单纯的外科切除”,而是通过围手术期多学科治疗使患者获得长期生存.本文对“潜在可治愈胰腺癌”可切除性评估、手术技术、围手术期辅助治疗等研究进展进行简要介绍.%Because of the high malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,the cancer-related mortality of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is increasing year by year.Despite advance in surgical techniques,the 5-year survival rate of patients after resection is still less than 30%.Recent studies have found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a systemic disease,which may not be cured completely by up-front resection,but requires perioperative multidisciplinary therapy.With the concept of "potentially curable pancreatic cancer",clinicians need to evaluate the resectability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma accurately before operation,and use the innovative multidisciplinary therapy including neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to improve the R0 resection rate and reduce the risk of early metastasis.Therefore,the therapeutic goal of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is no longer "simple resection",but long survival through perioperative multidisciplinary treatment.In this article,we briefly introduce the progress of resectability assessment,surgical techniques and perioperative adjuvant therapy of "potentially curable pancreatic cancer".
    • 彭涛; 娄展; 杨永江; 赵轶峰; 李曙光
    • 摘要: 目的 探讨手术联合术前新辅助同步放化疗在Ⅱ~Ⅲ期中低位直肠癌中的应用价值及在提高手术切除率方面的效果.方法 回顾性分析河北北方学院附属第一医院2012年1月至2017年1月收治的70例Ⅱ~Ⅲ期中低位直肠癌患者,所有患者术前均应用新辅助同步放化疗.新辅助放疗:盆腔5野照射,总剂量50 Gy,2.0 Gy/次,5次/周,共5周.新辅助化疗:XELOX(奥沙利铂、卡培他滨)或FOLFOX(奥沙利铂、亚叶酸钙、5-氟尿嘧啶)方案同步化疗.放疗结束后休息6~8周进行手术,手术均按全直肠系膜切除术(TME)操作规范进行.结果 70例患者均完成新辅助同步放化疗,Ⅰ级不良反应发生率为15.71 %(11/70),Ⅱ级不良反应发生率为7.14 %(5/70),无Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良反应发生.94.29 % (66/70)的患者术后肿瘤临床分期降低,与新辅助同步放化疗前分期比较,术后TNM分期降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.846,P<0.05).肿瘤手术根治性切除率为94.29 %(66/70).结论 手术联合术前新辅助同步放化疗治疗Ⅱ~Ⅲ期中低位直肠癌安全有效,能使肿瘤临床分期降低并提高肿瘤根治性切除率.%Objective To explore the application value of surgical operation combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal carcinoma in phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ and to evaluate the effect of surgical resection. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2012 to January 2017, including 70 cases of middle and lower rectal carcinoma in phase ⅡandⅢin the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University.Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy before operation was applied.Neoadjuvant radiotherapy: total dose 50 Gy, 2.0 Gy for once, 5 times per week, 5 weeks in total, the radiation field 5 wild for pelvic irradiation. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: XELOX (oxaliplatin, capecitabine) / FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil) was used for synchronous chemotherapy. After radiotherapy, the patients received surgery in 6-8 weeks. All the operations were performed according to the total mesorectum excision (TME) specification.Results A total of 70 patients underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The adverse effect rate was 15.71 % (11/70) of gradeⅠand 7.14 % (5/70) of gradeⅡ. No gradeⅢandⅣadverse reactions occurred. The tumor stage of 94.29 % (66/70) patients reduced. The TNM stage of the postoperation was decreased compared with that before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (χ 2= 7.846, P < 0.05). Tumor resection rate was 94.29 % (66/70). Conclusion Surgical operation combined with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy before operation for middle and lower rectal carcinoma in phase ⅡandⅢhas a favorable efficacy and safety,which can alleviate the tumor staging and increase the eradication rate of tumors.
    • 邝永培; 谢玉环; 陈沛芬; 邓润枢; 丁尚伟; 李霞
    • 摘要: 目的 探讨超声造影对乳腺癌术前放化疗早期疗效的评估价值.方法 回顾性分析本院36例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,所有患者均进行4~8个周期新辅助放化疗,并且最终进行手术.根据病理结果,按照改良实体瘤疗效评价标准(mRECIST标准)分为有效组28例与无效组8例,所有患者均在放化疗前及放化疗1个周期后进行超声检测,记录肿瘤大小、超声灌注参数(峰值强度、达峰时间、上升时间、流入斜率、平均渡越时间).结果 有效组、无效组放化疗前、放化疗1个周期后肿瘤大小比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).有效组放化疗前与放化疗第1个周期后峰值强度、达峰时间、流入斜率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他超声造影定量参数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).无效组放化疗前、放化疗第1个周期后各超声造影参数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).有效组、无效组放化疗第1个周期后峰值强度、达峰时间、流入斜率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).峰值强度、流入斜率、达峰时间预测放化疗早期疗效的ROC曲线下面积为0.723、0.848、0.766,预测放化疗早期疗效的最佳截断值分别为14.26 dB、1.08、22.20 s.结论 超声造影可定量评估乳腺癌放化疗前后肿瘤内部血流灌注变化,可用于预测乳腺癌放化疗早期疗效.
    • 孙家琛; 陈俊榕; 赖明广
    • 摘要: 目的 评价新辅助放疗组与新辅助化放疗组联合全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗局部进展期直肠癌的安全性与疗效.方法 检索2002年至2017年PubMed、OVID、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库关于新辅助治疗联合TME手术治疗局部进展期直肠癌的文献,对符合纳入标准的文献进行质量评价,采用Revman5.0软件检验异质性,进行meta分析.结果 共4个随机对照试验共2272例直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助放疗组1133例患者,新辅助化放疗组1139例患者.与新辅助化放疗组相比,单纯新辅助放疗组的完全病理缓解率更低(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.22~0.44,P<0.05),5年局部复发率更高(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.62~2.79,P<0.05),严重不良反应更少(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.17~0.82,P=0.01),差异有统计学意义.但保肛率、术后并发症发病率、5年无病生存率和总生存率差异无统计学意义.结论 新辅助化放疗总体上优于单纯新辅助放疗治疗进展期直肠癌,但临床应用中仍需要根据患者的耐受情况选择合适的新辅助治疗方案.
    • 王伟峰; 庄业忠; 夏容珊; 黄棉生; 林佳锐
    • 摘要: 目的 探讨末端回肠置管造瘘术防治直肠癌同期放化疗术后吻合口漏临床效果.方法 选取2013年6月至2015年12月收治的中低位局部晚期直肠癌患者16例,均接受术前放化疗,治疗结束后5~8周行直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术(TME),在TME术中行末端回肠置管造瘘术,观察其术后吻合口漏的发生情况及恢复指标.结果 本组患者16例,术后发生吻合口漏2例,占12.5%,予生长抑素及保守治疗后吻合口漏愈合.未发生吻合口漏14例,占87.5%,吻合口愈合良好,术后第10~14天出院.结论 末端回肠置管造瘘术可有效减少及治疗直肠癌同期放化疗术后吻合口漏,具有安全性和可行性,可在临床推广应用.%Objective To investigate the clinical effect of transcecum tube ileostomy in prevention of anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods From Jun 2013 to Dec 2015, 16 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Total mesorectal excision (TME)and transcecum tube ileostomy were performed 5 -8 weeks after chemoradiotherapy.Clinical variables including the incidence of anastomotic fistula and postoperative rehabilitation were observed. Results There were two patients, accounting for 12.5%, occurred anastomotic fistula.And the anastomotic fistula healed after somatostatin and conservative treatment.14 patients,accounting for 87.5%, recovered well with the hospitalization of 10 ~14 days. Conclusion Transcecum tube ileostomy is an effective and safe method in prevention of anastomotic leakage in pitients with rectal cancer received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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