摘要:
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endovascular embolization with detachable balloon, based on the characteristics of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae (TCCF), in treating TCCF. Methods The clinical data of 188 patients with TCCF, who had received endovascular embolization with detachable balloon via femoral artery access, were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors for recurrence were statistically analyzed. Results Of the total 188 patients, complete cure after the first balloon embolization was obtained in 160, certain improvement of clinical symptoms was achieved in 22, and balloon embolization failed in 6, for whom other surgical options had to be carried out. Complications occurred in three patients. Recurrence was seen in 23 patients within the period from one day to 5 years after the treatment, and the recurrent lesion was successfully cured in all patients. Univariate analysis and chi square test or correction chi square test indicated that factors affecting postoperative recurrence were the use of multiple balloons for embolization and the presence of residual fistula after operation (P0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent factors affecting recurrence included the number of used balloon≥2 (OR=7.80, 95%CI:2.28-26.73,P=0.001) and postoperative residual fistula that was observed immediately after the embolization (OR=10.46, 95%CI:2.99-36.50,P=0.000). Conclusion For the treatment of TCCF, transcatheter embolization with detachable balloon is minimally-invasive, safe and reliable with fewer complications, therefore, this technique should be regarded as the therapy of first choice. The use of multiple balloons and the presence of residual fistula observed immediately after the embolization procedure are the risk factors for recurrence. Other possible risk factors are still to be furtherstudied.%目的:探讨根据外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)病变特点,采用可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗的临床疗效。方法对188例接受股动脉入路可脱性球囊栓塞治疗的TCCF患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对导致复发的危险因素作统计学分析。结果188例TCCF患者经首次球囊栓塞治疗后有160例痊愈,22例临床症状有所好转,6例球囊栓塞失败,改用其它手术方案治疗。有3例发生并发症。术后1 d~5年有23例复发,接受二次手术后均成功。根据单因素分析和卡方检验或校正卡方检验,影响术后复发的因素为多枚球囊栓塞和术后有残瘘(P<0.05),患者性别、年龄、病程长短均无统计学意义(P>0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,球囊数量≥2枚(OR值7.80,95%CI 2.28~26.73,P=0.001)、术后即刻有残瘘(OR值10.46,95%CI 2.99~36.5,P=0.000)是影响复发的独立危险因素。结论可脱性球囊血管内栓塞治疗TCCF具有损伤小、并发症少、安全可靠等优点,是TCCF首选治疗方法。多枚球囊栓塞和栓塞术后即刻有残瘘是导致复发的危险因素,其它危险因素尚待研究。