本文从教育理念和教育内容两个层面入手,对美国大学自由教育和通识教育的生成、变化、基本特征以及近年来的发展趋势进行了研究.研究表明,自17世纪至今,自由教育和通识教育的发展变化大致呈现为四个不同的发展阶段.而自20世纪90年代以来,尽管在理念和课程设置等方面自由教育和通识教育仍然存在差异,但与二战之前相比,两者之间呈现出越来越多的共性,并逐渐加强与专业教育的融合,吸收实践性和实用性内容,更加强调传授基础知识和基本能力,服务于专业教育,共同构成美国本科教育重要的内容.%The purpose of this paper is to analyze the emergence of and changes in the US liberal education and general education in the historical perspective,focusing on their ideas and curriculum development. The study is mainly based on the literature review,main findings from national surveys in the USA,and part of author's interview with a key person in the USA.The paper concludes by arguing that at least four phases could be identified in their emergence and changes,and they have different characteristics respectively in each phase.Compared to the pre-war times,despite differences between the two concepts,they have tended to change in a similar direction by integrating with professional education, designing practical and utilitarian educational content,and cultivate students with first-year education or remedial studies.,as well as emphasizing its contribution to the provision of professional education.
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