摘要:
目的 探讨不能手术食管癌患者调强放疗同步化疗的效果评价.方法 144例食管癌患者分成常规分割放疗(CFRT)联合化疗组(CFRT组)60例和调强放疗(IMRT)联合化疗组(IMRT组)84例.CFRT组:食管颈、胸上段癌,先行前胸“T”形野照射,总剂量(DT):36Gy,分18次,之后改为两前斜野等中心照射,野宽4.5 ~ 5.0 cm,机架角50°~60°,30°楔形板,加至66 Gy;食管中、下段癌,野宽6.0 ~ 6.5 cm,野长为肿瘤上下各放3.0 ~ 5.0 cm,前后对穿照射DT:36 Gy,分18次,之后改为两后斜野等中心照射,加至66 Gy.IMRT组:临床靶区(CTV)包括食管原发肿瘤靶区(GTV)和转移淋巴结GTV+纵隔淋巴引流区,于前后左右各外放0.8~1.0 cm,上下各外放3.0~5.0 cm;计划靶区(PTV)为在CTV基础上再各方向外放0.5cm;≥95%等剂量线PTV 60 ~ 64 Gy,分30~ 32次;正常组织剂量为双肺V20≤30%,脊髓≤45 Gy/6周,心脏V30≤40%.两组化疗方案相同,顺铂(DDP)25 ~ 30 mg/m2,3~5d,5氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)450~500 mg/m2,5d,静脉连续输注.28 d为1个周期,共2个周期,1~3个月后巩固化疗3~4个周期.结果 CFRT组和IMRT组的总有效率分别为88.3 %(53/60)和91.7%(77/84),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组白细胞数减少为首要不良反应,CFRT组白细胞数减少发生率为78.3 %(47/60),IMRT组为82.1%(69/84);其次为放射性食管炎,多为1~2级不良反应.CFRT组在放疗中和治疗后出现1~2级放射性肺炎者比例为36.7%(22/60),IMRT组为9.5%(8/84),差异有统计学意义(x2=9.99,P< 0.01).CFRT组1、3、5年生存率分别为75.0%(45/60)、36.7%(22/60)、20.0 %(12/60),IMRT组分别为79.8%(67/84)、35.7%(30/84)、21.4 %(18/84).结论 CFRT同步化疗和IMRT同步化疗总有效率和5年生存率相似,但IMRT患者1~2级放射性肺炎发生率明显低于CFRT组,提示IMRT能减少肺的受照体积和剂量.%Objective To evaluate the curative effect between conventional fraction radiotherapy (CFRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy for unresectable esophageal carcinoma.Methods 144 patients were enrolled into this study.They were divided into CFRT group and IMRT group.CFRT group (60 cases):irradiation field encompassed primary lesion and mediastinal lymph drainage regin.Neck and thoracic upper segment cases were made front thorax "T" field irradiation first,DT 36 Gy/18 f,followed by two front oblique field made Iso-central irradiation,field width was 4.5-5.0 cm,gantry angle 50°-60°,wedge filter 30°,DT added to 66 Gy.For thorax middle or lower segment patients,field width was 6.0-6.5 cm,field length was that the tumor upper and lower each extended 3.0-5.0 cm,vertically irradiated in thoracic front and at the back,after DT 36 Gy/18 f,changed to two back ablique field,made Iso-central irradiation,DT added to 66 Gy.IMRT group (84 cases):GTV was esophageal primary lesion and metastasis lymph node (GTVnd);CTV included GTV,GTVnd and mediastinal lymph drainage region,at GTV around all was widened 0.8-1.0 cm,its upper and lower each extended 3.0-5.0 cm;PTV were in the basis of CTV,all were widened 0.5 cm again.With ≥95 % isodose curve covering the PTV and the target dose was prescribed to PTV 60-64 Gy/30-32 f.Organ at risk (OAR):both lungs V20≤30 %,spinal cord ≤45 Gy/6 weeks,heart V30≤40 %.Chemotherapy of two groups was same,DDP 25-30 mg/m2 × 3-5 days,5-Fu 450-500 mg/m2 × 5 days civ,28 days were one period,total 2 period,after 1-3 months,strengthen chemotherapy 3-4 period.Results Leucopenia and radiation-induced esophagitis as shown by the WHO staging system were the most common acute toxicities,but were mainly grade 1 or 2.The incidence rate of leucopenia and radiation-induced esophagitis in CFRT group were 78.3 % (47/60) and 83.3 % (50/60),IMRT group were 82.1% (69/84) and 79.8 % (67/84).After symptomatic treatment,all patients completed the planner treatment.During radiotherapy and after treatment,the patients showed grade 1-2 radiation-induced pneumonitis,CFRT group were 36.7 % (22/60),but IMRT group were only 9.5 % (8/84) (x2 =9.99,P < 0.01).In CFRT group and IMRT group,the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 75.0 % (45/60),36.7 % (22/60),20.0 % (17/84) and 79.8 % (67/84),35.7 % (30/84),21.4 % (18/84),respectively.Conclusion The overall response and 5-year survival rates of CFRT and IMRT combined with concurrent chemotherapy are similar,however,the incidence of grade 1-2 radiation-induced pneumonitis of IMRT is low,which indicates that IMRT can reduce the lungs irradiational volume and dose.