肾衰竭,急性

摘要： 目的:探讨脓毒症患者血小板的早期变化与并发急性肾衰竭的相关性.方法:回顾性分析2019年1月到2020年1月深圳市人民医院收治的60例脓毒症患者的临床资料,根据是否出现并发急性肾衰竭分为并发组(n=28)和无并发组(n=32),对比两组一般资料、血小板、Scr、Cys-C、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分,以并发急性肾衰竭为因变量,以上述有统计学意义的变量为自变量,作多元线性回归,校正PLT对并发急性肾衰竭是否存在独立影响.以死亡和存活分为两个类别,以PLT水平为预测变量,绘制ROC曲线,分析PLT的预测并发急性肾衰竭的阈值.结果:并发组血清Scr、Cys-C均高于无并发组,并发组各个时相点血小板均低于无并发组(均P<0.05);并发组血小板表达水平与Scr、Cys-C及KIM-1表达水平均呈正相关(r=0.704、0.812、0.863,P<0.01);ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清Scr、Cys-C及血小板预测脓毒症患者并发急性肾衰竭的曲线下面积(0.962,95％CI:0.906～0.998)均分别大于上述各单项指标预测的曲线下面积(P<0.05),且敏感度(97.0％)和特异度(91.4％)最高.结论:脓毒症患者血小板早期下降对预测脓毒症患者并发急性肾衰竭具有重要价值.

摘要： 目的:探讨脓毒症患者血小板的早期变化与并发急性肾衰竭的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月到2020年1月深圳市人民医院收治的60例脓毒症患者的临床资料,根据是否出现并发急性肾衰竭分为并发组(n=28)和无并发组(n=32),对比两组一般资料、血小板、Scr、Cys-C、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分,以并发急性肾衰竭为因变量,以上述有统计学意义的变量为自变量,作多元线性回归,校正PLT对并发急性肾衰竭是否存在独立影响。以死亡和存活分为两个类别,以PLT水平为预测变量,绘制ROC曲线,分析PLT的预测并发急性肾衰竭的阈值。结果:并发组血清Scr、Cys-C均高于无并发组,并发组各个时相点血小板均低于无并发组(均P<0.05);并发组血小板表达水平与Scr、Cys-C及KIM-1表达水平均呈正相关(r=0.704、0.812、0.863,P<0.01);ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清Scr、Cys-C及血小板预测脓毒症患者并发急性肾衰竭的曲线下面积(0.962,95%CI:0.906~0.998)均分别大于上述各单项指标预测的曲线下面积(P<0.05),且敏感度(97.0%)和特异度(91.4%)最高。结论:脓毒症患者血小板早期下降对预测脓毒症患者并发急性肾衰竭具有重要价值。

摘要： 目的:介绍临床药师参与1例重症急性胰腺炎病人营养支持方案的制定与调整。方法:临床药师对1例重症急性胰腺炎合并急性肾衰竭病人营养支持的适应证、方式、时机、药物选择、营养素配比进行分析并提出调整意见。结果:医师采纳部分建议,病人病情逐渐平稳。营养支持期间,肾功能指标明显好转,电解质、肝功能未出现明显异常,血清白蛋白上升至39.6 g/L,营养支持效果较好。结论:临床药师参与营养支持方案的制定与调整,有利于改善病人营养状况,促进安全、有效用药。

摘要： 目的 观察连续肾脏替代疗法(CRRT)联合白蛋白治疗重症肾综合征出血热(HFRS)并急性肾衰竭的临床疗效.方法 选择2014年10月—2017年2月西安市第八医院重症医学科收治重症HFRS并急性肾衰竭患者108例为研究对象,随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各54例.2组患者均常规对症治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上给予CRRT治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予白蛋白治疗.比较2组治疗前后血液指标、肾功能指标、1年病死率及临床并发症发生率.结果 观察组总有效率为87.04%,高于对照组的72.22%(χ2=3.653,P=0.046).2组患者治疗前Hb、PLT、HCT、ALB、SCr、BUN、TNF-α、IL-6以及K+比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后2组PLT、ALB升高(t/P对照组=7.001/0.000、5.937/0.000,t/P观察组=8.294/0.000,7.978/0.000),Hb、HCT、SCr、BUN、K+、TNF-α、IL-6均显著降低(t对照组=11.210、4.542、20.280、8.719、10.561、17.601、15.402,P均=0.000;t观察组=10.492、4.279、19.886、24.370、21.108、16.513、17.219,P均=0.000),观察组治疗后PLT、ALB水平显著高于对照组,SCr、BUN、K+水平显著低于对照组(t/P=5.407/0.000、4.478/0.000、8.933/0.000、6.362/0.000、5.261/0.000);2组治疗后Hb、HCT、TNF-α、IL-6比较无显著差异(P>0.05);观察组急性ARDS、多器官出血及渗出性肺炎等并发症发生率明显低于对照组(χ2/P=4.558/0.032、5.280/0.021、5.115/0.023),2组临床病死率、心律失常以及继发菌血症等发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 CRRT联合白蛋白能够有效改善重症HFRS并急性肾衰竭患者血液状态,调节体内电解质平衡,改善肾脏功能,降低患者并发症的发生率,临床疗效显著.%Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of CRRT combined albumin in the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with severe renal syndrome and acute renal failure. Methods One hundred and eight cases of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and acute renal failure were selected from October 2014 to February 2017 in our hospital. They were ran-domly divided into control group and observation group,54 cases in each group. The two groups of patients were given routine symptomatic treatment, and the control group was treated with CRRT on the basis of routine treatment, and the observation group was treated with albumin on the basis of the control group. The blood index, renal function index, 1 year survival rate and the incidence of clinical complications were compared before and after treatment in the two groups. Results The efficien-cy of the observation group was 87. 04%;the control group was 72. 22%,the efficiency of the observation group was signifi-cantly higher than the control group (χ2 =3. 653,P=0. 046). There was no significant difference in Hb, PLT, HCT, ALB, SCr, BUN, TNF-α, IL-6 and K+ before treatment in the two groups (P>0. 05). After treatment, two groups of PLT, ALB were significantly increased (control group: t/P = 7. 001/0. 000,t/P =5. 937/0. 000. Observation group: t/P =8. 294/0. 000, t/P=7. 978/0. 000), and Hb, HCT, SCr, BUN, TNF-α, IL-6 and K+ decreased significantly (control group: t=11. 210, t=4. 542, t=20. 280, t=8. 719, t=17. 601, t=15. 402, t=10. 561, P=0. 000. Observation group:t=10. 492, t=4. 279, t=19. 886, t=24. 370, t=16. 513, t=17. 219, t=21. 108, P=0. 000). The levels of PLT and ALB in the ob-servation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the levels of SCr, BUN and K+ were significantly lower than those in the control group (t/P=5. 407/0. 000, t/P=4. 478/0. 000, t/P=8. 933/0. 000, t/P=6. 362/0. 000, t/P=5.261/0.000). There was no significant difference in HCT, TNF-α, IL-6 after treatment (P >0. 05) in the two groups. The incidence of acute complications such as acute ARDS, multiple organ bleeding and exudative pneumonia in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t/P =4. 558/0. 032, t/P =5. 280/0. 021, t/P =5. 115/0. 023). There was no significant difference in the incidence of clinical mortality, arrhythmia and secondary bacteremia in the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion The CRRT combined albumin can effectively improve the blood status of patients with severe HFRS and acute renal failure, regulate electrolyte balance, improve renal function and reduce the incidence of complications.

摘要： 目的 探讨CT平扫检查对急性梗阻性肾衰竭患者解除梗阻后肾功能转归的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年8月我院收治的76例急性肾衰竭患者的临床资料.男50例,女26例.年龄25 ～ 93岁,平均58.5岁.肾积水病因:输尿管结石38例,肾结石4例,肿瘤压迫32例,腹膜后纤维化2例.53例放置双J管,23例行肾穿刺造瘘术.根据患者解除梗阻后3个月内生肌酐清除率(CCr),分为肾功能恢复组(CCr≥50ml/min)和肾功能失代偿组(CCr＜ 50ml/min).肾功能恢复组26例,年龄(48.3±9.7)岁,术前肌酐中位值633.0μmol/L(150～1 628 μmol/L),血钾(4.2±0.7)mmol/L,血钠(135.8±5.3)mmol/L,术后3个月肌酐中位值96.0μmol/L(43 ～ 139μmol/L),术后3个月CCr(65.3±12.8) m]/min.肾功能失代偿组50例,年龄(63.8±13.7)岁,术前肌酐中位值583μmol/L(152 ～1 712 μmol/L),血钾(4.3±0.7)mmol/L,血钠(132.7±20.1)mmol/L,术后3个月肌酐中位值160 μmol/L(87 ～1 379 μmol/L),术后3个月CCr(28.9±11.9) ml/min.比较两组梗阻性肾衰竭诊断时CT平扫检查测量的肾实质面积,采用单因素和多因素分析肾实质面积与肾功能恢复的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估CT平扫检查的预测效能.结果 肾功能恢复组总肾面积为(3 765.5±628.6) mm2(2 375.3 ～4 853.6 mm2);肾功能失代偿组总肾面积为(2 493.0±830.6) mm2 (476.9～4 225.1 mm2),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).肾功能恢复组优势侧肾面积(2 283.5±430.2) mm2(1 654.6 ～3 383.3 mm2);肾功能失代偿组优势侧肾面积(1 655.5±496.2) mm2 (476.94～2 816.0 mm2),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).多因素分析结果显示,总肾面积和年龄是解除梗阻后肾功能转归的独立预测因素.总肾面积预测解除梗阻后3个月肾功能转归的ROC曲线下面积为0.89.总肾面积最佳预测值为3 238.3 mm2,其判断肾功能转归的敏感性为88.5％,特异性为84.0％.结论 采用CT平扫检查测量肾面积,对于急性梗阻性肾衰竭患者解除梗阻后肾功能转归具有一定的早期预测价值.%Objective To evaluate the predictive value of CT scan in the outcome of renal function after decompression procedures in patients with acute obstructive renal failure.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical information of 76 patients with acute obstructive renal failure between January 2012 and August 2017 was performed.Clinical information included age,cause of obstruction,type of decompression procedures,total renal area and dominant side renal area measured by CT scan,serum creatinine(SCr) level before operation,SCr level in 3 months after decompression.Patients were divided into 2 groups according to creatinine clearance rate (CCr) in 3 months after decompression,including normal renal function group (26 cases,CCr ≥50 ml/min) and decompensated renal function group (50 cases,CCr ＜ 50 ml/min).The CCr of normal renal function group was (65.3 ± 12.8)ml/min,while the decompensated renal function group was (28.9 ± 11.9)ml/min.The average age of normal renal function group was 48.3 years old,the median value of serum creatinine before operation was 633μmol/L,while the average age of decompensated group was 63.8 years old,the median value of preoperative creatinine was 583 μmol/L.Renal area was measured in CT scan image which was performed when acute obstructive renal failure was diagnosed.Univariate analysis and logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to analyze these parameters.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the performance of CT scan for renal function prediction.Results There were significant differences in the renal area between the normal renal function and decompensated renal function group,the total renal area were (3 765.5 ± 628.6) mm2 (range 2 375.3-4 853.6 mm2) and (2 493.0 ± 830.6) mm2 (range 476.9-4 225.1 mm2) respectively (P ＜ 0.001),while the dominant side renal area were (2 283.5 ± 430.2) mm2 (range 1 654.6-3 383.3 mm2) and (1 655.5 ± 496.2) mm2 (range 476.94-2 816.0 mm2) respectively (P ＜ 0.001).The integration area under the ROC curve of the total renal area to predict the outcome of renal function was 0.89.Conclusions The renal area measured in CT scan image might be useful for the early prediction of renal function outcome in patients with acute obstructive renal failure.

摘要： 目的 评价血清Copeptin水平联合急性生理与慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分对严重感染合并急性肾衰竭患者(ARF)预后的预测价值.方法 根据是否发生ARF将严重感染患者分为ARF组和对照组,比较两组患者血肌酐(Scr)水平与死亡情况的差异性,分析ARF患者Scr水平与死亡的影响因素.结果 ARF组Copeptin,APACHE评分均高于对照组(均P＜ 0.05).多元线性回归显示,Copeptin偏回归系数为4.09,APACHE评分偏回归系数为8.40,Copeptin联合APACHE评分对Scr的拟合优度R2为0.954.多元Logistic分析显示Copeptin (OR=6.79)、APACHE Ⅱ评分(OR=6.41)为死亡的危险因素.结论 血清Copeptin水平联合APACHE Ⅱ评分对严重感染合并ARF肾功能与死亡情况有较好的预测价值,对及时准确判定ARF患者预后具有重要的临床参考价值.

摘要： 目的 回顾总结泌尿系结石导致6月龄以下婴儿泌尿系梗阻所致急性肾衰竭的临床诊治经验,以提高救治水平.方法 2010年1月至2014年12月四川大学华西医院小儿外科收治6月龄以下、双侧泌尿系结石梗阻所致急性肾衰竭患儿15例,均为藏族.其中男10例,女5例;年龄1个月15 d～5个月24 d;体质量3.5～7.0 kg.回顾分析其临床特点,治疗方法和临床转归.结果 9例患儿(男5例,女4例)经综合评估能够耐受急诊全身麻醉手术,在术前准备同时积极保守治疗,于入院6 h内手术解除梗阻;6例患儿(男5例,女1例)内环境严重紊乱,合并肺部感染、休克,经综合评估为极危重患儿,暂不能耐受全身麻醉手术,在急诊血液净化治疗支持下抗感染、解痉、补液、纠正内环境紊乱,经治疗情况改善后,于入院12 h内手术解除梗阻.解除梗阻12～48 h后,患儿血钾、肌酐恢复正常.5例患儿术后获得结石标本,结石成分为:草酸钙结石3例、草酸钙和碳酸磷灰石混合结石2例.13例患儿需二期手术处理结石.结论 婴儿泌尿系多发结石危害重,并发症多.对于生命垂危的患儿,急诊治疗以挽救生命、解除梗阻为原则,操作尽可能简短,取石不是主要目的.如患儿一般情况差,合并症严重,暂不能耐受全身麻醉的,必要时进行血液净化,能给婴儿的救治赢得时间,创造条件.%Objective To retrospectively summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience of acute renal failure caused by urinary calculi obstruction in infants under the age of 6 months in order to improve the level of treat-ment. Methods Between January 2010 and December 2014,15 infants under the age of 6 months with bilateral urinary tract calculi obstruction leading to acute renal failure were treated in West China Hospital,Sichuan University. All cases were Tibetan(10 males,5 females). The ages ranged from 1 month 15 days to 5 months 24 days. The weights ranged from 3. 5 to 7. 0 kg. The clinical characteristics,treatment and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results A total of 9 infants(5 males,4 females)were assessed to be able to tolerate general anesthesia surgery and received positive conservative treatment before operation,and obstruction relief within 6 hours of admission. Six infants (5 males, 1 female)with serious internal milieu disorder,pneumonia,and shock,were assessed as critical cases,who could not tolerate general anesthesia surgery temporarily. Under the emergency blood purification support,they received anti -infection,spasmolysis,rehydration,to correct the internal milieu disorder and obstruction relief within 12 hours of admis-sion. Serum potassium,creatinine returned to normal 12 - 48 hours after obstruction relief. Stone specimens were obtained from 5 cases,and the stone compositions were calcium oxalate stone in 3 cases,calcium oxalate and carbonate apatite mixed stone in 2 cases. A total of 13 cases need further urolithiasis treatment. Conclusions The infants under the age of 6 months with bilateral urinary tract calculi obstruction are more severe with more complications. The emergency treatment principle is to save lives,then relieve the obstruction;surgery should be as brief as possible,since removing the stones is not the primary purpose. If the infants are in critical,life - threatening circumstances,and cannot tolerate general anesthesia surgery,the blood purification will be helpful to gain time and create conditions for treatment.

摘要： 目的回顾总结泌尿系结石导致6月龄以下婴儿泌尿系梗阻所致急性肾衰竭的临床诊治经验，以提高救治水平。方法2010年1月至2014年12月四川大学华西医院小儿外科收治6月龄以下、双侧泌尿系结石梗阻所致急性肾衰竭患儿15例，均为藏族。其中男10例，女5例；年龄1个月15 d-5个月24 d；体质量3.5-7.0 kg。回顾分析其临床特点，治疗方法和临床转归。结果9例患儿（男5例，女4例）经综合评估能够耐受急诊全身麻醉手术，在术前准备同时积极保守治疗，于入院6 h内手术解除梗阻；6例患儿（男5例，女1例）内环境严重紊乱，合并肺部感染、休克，经综合评估为极危重患儿，暂不能耐受全身麻醉手术，在急诊血液净化治疗支持下抗感染、解痉、补液、纠正内环境紊乱，经治疗情况改善后，于入院12 h内手术解除梗阻。解除梗阻12-48 h后，患儿血钾、肌酐恢复正常。5例患儿术后获得结石标本，结石成分为：草酸钙结石3例、草酸钙和碳酸磷灰石混合结石2例。13例患儿需二期手术处理结石。结论婴儿泌尿系多发结石危害重，并发症多。对于生命垂危的患儿，急诊治疗以挽救生命、解除梗阻为原则，操作尽可能简短，取石不是主要目的。如患儿一般情况差，合并症严重，暂不能耐受全身麻醉的，必要时进行血液净化，能给婴儿的救治赢得时间，创造条件。

摘要： 目的 分析导致重症加强治疗病房(ICU)危重孕产妇妊娠期急性肾衰竭(ARF)的危险因素.方法 采用回顾性分析方法,选择因产后并发症入住ICU的危重孕产妇192例,排除3例因羊水栓塞死亡,7例 因记录不完整者,共182例纳入本研究.将患者根据是否合并ARF分为ARF组(68例)和非ARF组(114例),采集两组患者发生先兆子痫、HELLP综合征(溶血、肝酶升高、血小板减少)、妊娠急性脂肪肝、产后出血、脓毒症等指标;以及产后4 d内使用的主要药物: ① 血浆体积膨胀剂:液体(晶体液、人工胶体、高渗白蛋白、4%白蛋白)和血液制品(浓集红细胞、浓缩血小板、纤维蛋白原、新鲜冷冻血浆、活化因子Ⅶ); ② 抗纤溶药:氨甲环酸; ③ 抗高血压药物:血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI),利尿剂; ④ 肾毒性药物:氨基糖苷类,造影剂等.对上述指标先进行单因素分析,将有统计学意义的危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析,筛选出ICU危重孕产妇妊娠期发生急性肾衰竭的危险因素.结果 单因素分析表明:HELLP综合征、产后4 h使用氨甲环酸和高渗白蛋白是ARF的危险因素(χ2值分别为4.92、4.29、5.53,均P<0.05).多因素logistic回归分析表明:HELLP综合征〔优势比(OR)=10.478,95%可信区间(95%CI)为1.248~17.953,P=0.030〕和产后4 h使用高渗白蛋白(OR=6.632,95%CI为1.211~16.328;P=0.029)是ARF发生的独立危险因素.结论 ICU危重孕产妇ARF是多因素参与的过程,应充分认识各种危险因素对ARF的影响,存在HELLP综合征和产后4 h使用高渗白蛋白是ARF发生的独立危险因素,对存在危险因素的患者实施重点防护以减少ARF的发生.%Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill obstetric patients in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods A retrospective analysis of 192 critically ill obstetric patients admitted to the ICU for postpartum complications was conducted. There were 10 patients excluded because 3 died of amniotic embolism with massive hemorrhage in ICU and 7 had incomplete records, therefore, only 182 critically ill obstetric patients were enrolled in this study. According to the occurrence of ARF or not, the patients were divided into ARF group (68 cases) and non-ARF group (114 cases). The indicators of preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia), acute fatty pregnancy liver, postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis were collected in the two groups. The main drugs used in the 4 days after delivery were as follows: ① plasma volume expanders: fluids (crystalloids, artificial colloids, hypertonic albumin and 4% serum albumin) and blood products (packed red cells, concentrated platelets, fibrinogen, fresh frozen plasma and activated factor Ⅶ); ② antifibrinolytic drug: tranexamic acid; ③ anti-hypertensive drugs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), diuretics; ④ nephrotoxic drugs: aminoglycosides, contrast agent. The above indexes were firstly analyzed by the univariate method, and the risk factors with statistical significance were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method to screen out the independent risk factors of developing ARF in critically ill obstetric patients in ICU.Results Univariate analysis showed that HELLP syndrome, tranexamic acid and hypertonic albumin infusion used in 4 days after delivery were the risk factors of ARF (χ2 value was 4.92, 4.29, 5.53, respectively, allP < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed: HELLP syndrome [odds ratio (OR) = 10.478, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.248 - 17.953,P = 0.030] and hypertonic albumin infusion used in 4 days after delivery [OR = 6.632, 95%CI was 1.211 - 16.328,P = 0.029] were the independent risk factors to develop ARF.Conclusions The occurrence of ARF in a critically ill obstetric patient in ICU is a process involving multiple factors, therefore, it is necessary to fully recognize the risk factors influencing the development of this disease; the presence of HELLP syndrome and hypertonic albumin infusion used in 4 days after delivery are the independent risk factors of developing ARF. Thus, particular attention should be paid to those patients with such high risk factors to decrease the incidence of ARF.

摘要： 本发明提供以人、尤其是肾衰竭患者为对象的新型肾衰竭发展抑制剂、肾衰竭预防剂及硫酸吲哚酚产生抑制剂。该肾衰竭发展抑制剂、肾衰竭预防剂及硫酸吲哚酚产生抑制剂以来自裸藻的裸藻淀粉或其加工品作为有效成分。例如就肾衰竭发展抑制剂而言，对患有慢性肾衰竭且接受透析疗法的患者，1日数次持续口服给药裸藻淀粉且每次给药1～5g。尤其是，对该患者以胶囊剂或粉末剂的形式在其他药剂给药前后空出规定时间单独进行给药。

摘要： 本发明的目的是提供一种预防或治疗急性肾衰的药剂，急性肾衰是由下列疾病的持续或加重而造成：由创伤、烧伤、胰腺炎、败血症或感染造成的全身炎症反应综合征；弥漫性血管内凝血综合征；多器官衰竭；外周动脉闭塞性疾病；闭塞性动脉硬化症；和挤压综合征；或移植后并发症。本发明是用于急性肾衰竭的预防和治疗剂，其包括由下面通式表示的乙内酰脲衍生物作为活性成分。在这些化合物中，特别优选(2S，4S)-6-氟-2’，5’-二氧代螺[苯并二氢吡喃-4，4’-咪唑啉]-2-甲酰胺。

摘要： 本发明提供以人、尤其是肾衰竭患者为对象的新型肾衰竭发展抑制剂、肾衰竭预防剂及硫酸吲哚酚产生抑制剂。该肾衰竭发展抑制剂、肾衰竭预防剂及硫酸吲哚酚产生抑制剂以来自裸藻的裸藻淀粉或其加工品作为有效成分。例如就肾衰竭发展抑制剂而言，对患有慢性肾衰竭且接受透析疗法的患者，1日数次持续口服给药裸藻淀粉且每次给药1～5g。尤其是，对该患者以胶囊剂或粉末剂的形式在其他药剂给药前后空出规定时间单独进行给药。

摘要： 本发明属于宠物医疗技术领域，公开了一种纳米硒在治疗腺嘌呤诱导的犬急性肾衰竭模型中的应用，所述验证治疗腺嘌呤诱导的犬急性肾衰竭模型中的应用的方法包括：腺嘌呤诱导的犬急性肾衰竭动物模型的建立；纳米硒对腺嘌呤诱导的犬急性肾衰竭防治效果的确定；纳米硒对腺嘌呤诱导的犬急性肾衰竭肾脏Keap1‑Nrf2/ARE信号通路影响的确定。本发明实验结果表明，给犬饲喂75mg/kg·d的腺嘌呤15天，可以成功建立犬急性肾衰竭动物模型；常规治疗或添加纳米硒可以提高腺嘌呤诱导的急性肾衰竭犬抗氧化能力，减轻肾脏损伤，与常规治疗组或纳米硒治疗组相比，联合治疗组的效果更加显著，可减轻腺嘌呤诱导的犬急性肾功能衰竭。

摘要： 本发明属于急性肾衰竭模型构建技术领域，公开了一种犬的急性肾衰竭模型建立的方法，试验动物的确定及分组；仪器和试剂的确定；样品的采集；指标的测定；统计分析。本发明提供的犬的急性肾衰竭模型建立的方法，采用腺嘌呤来诱导建立犬急性肾衰竭的模型，通过血液和尿液等指标的检测及肾脏组织病理学变化来判断模型是否成功建立，进而确定腺嘌呤诱导犬急性肾衰竭的最佳剂量。综合结果表明，给犬添加75mg/kg·d的腺嘌呤饲喂15天可以成功建立急性肾衰竭模型，即75mg腺嘌呤模型组所用造模剂量合适，造模15天后动物能达到急性肾衰竭的理想造模状态，同时也能避免手术等对试验动物造成额外的伤害，引起动物急性死亡。

摘要： 本发明公开了电针在犬急性肾衰竭疾病中的应用，涉及电针应用技术领域，其技术方案要点是：电针对犬急性肾衰竭疾病的干预作用；将电针作用于犬的双侧肾俞、脾俞、足三里、三阴交、太溪和命门的穴位。本发明的优点在于：电针对犬急性肾衰竭疾病的干预作用；本发明通过电针的方法干预和治疗犬急性肾衰竭的效果，并能够对兽医临床中用针灸方法预防及治疗犬的急性肾衰竭提供参考。

摘要： 本发明提供了用于治疗和预防与肾血管收缩相关的急性肾衰竭的安贝生坦和其制剂。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种治疗急性肾衰竭的中药，包括以下重量份数的药物制备而成：20‑30重量份数的肉苁蓉，25‑35重量份数的鹿角，25‑35重量份数的降香，20‑30重量份数的川穹，2‑8重量份数的马钱子，30‑40重量份数的橘核，5‑10重量份数的甘草。本发明以纯中药配制而成，配方科学合理，配置简单，无毒副作用，疗效短，见效快，区别于以往治疗急性肾衰竭的治疗原则，具有益精补肾、活血行气、散结止痛、清热解毒之功效。

摘要： 一种治疗急性肾衰竭的药物，包括下述组分：阿托伐他汀钙、黄芪当归合剂和辅料，所述辅料包括微晶纤维素、碳酸钙、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和硬脂酸镁。该发明提出的治疗急性肾衰竭的药物用于急性肾衰抗炎，抑制氧化应激反应，从而终止急性肾衰向慢性肾衰进展。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种治疗急性肾衰竭的中药制剂，选取的原料药及其重量组份分别是：大黄20-30克、桂枝10-20克、茯苓10-20克、泽泻10-20克、白茅根10-20克、水牛角10-20克、大蓟10-20克、红花10-20克、玄参10-20克、通草8-15克、桃仁8-12克、羚羊角粉8-12克、桑白皮8-12克、葶苈子8-12克、萹蓄8-12克、瞿麦8-12克。诸药配伍，攻补兼施，共奏益气养血，活血化瘀，清热排毒，攻下泻浊，利水通淋之功效，用于治疗急性肾衰竭具有疗效显著、无副作用、治愈率高、恢复肾功能正常所需时间短、治愈后不易复发等优势，值得临床推广和应用。