摘要：
[Objective] To reveal the formation rhythm of fatty acids in Plukenetia volubilis seeds during developmental process, and provide a scientific basis for the promotion of planting area and the breeding of new varieties, in this study the accumulation characteristics of fatty acids in the seeds of P. volubilis was studied, and the fatty acid components in the seeds at different developmental stages were analyzed. [Method] The fatty acid components of 18, 36, 54, 72 to 90 DAF seeds from mature P. volubilis plant were extracted by liquid nitrogen, and the relative content of each component and their dynamic changes were analyzed by GC-MS. [Result] The results showed that 56 chemical substances, including 14 fatty acid compounds (80.13％), 7 ester compounds (2.70％), 24 alkane compounds (12.40％), 7 benzene compounds (3.96％) and 4 other compounds (0.81％), were detected and identified from P. volubilis seed during developmental process. The fatty acid compounds mainly contained 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and 16-methyl-heptadecanoic acid. With the increase of maturity, total content of fatty acid compounds increased gradually from 53.60％, 76.30％, 76.78％, 96.43％ to 97.54％. Among them, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, and 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid showed an increasing trend, while hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and 16-methyl-heptadecanoic acid showed a decreasing trend. [Conclusion] During the seed development of P. volubilis, the fatty acid components gradually changed from saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acids. P. volubilis has the characters of shorter maturity and higher conversion efficiency of unsaturated fatty acid compared with other oil plants, which may be related to their high photosynthetic rate. Therefore, P. volubilis, as a strong light-required edible oil plant, is suitable cultivated in low latitudes region such as Guangdong, Guangxi Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan and Taiwan provinces, which could enrich oil plant resource and increase edible oil kinds in China.%[目的]研究印加果种子中脂肪酸物质的累积规律,对印加果种子不同发育时期的脂肪酸物质进行解析,为印加果种植区域推广和新品种选育提供理论依据.[方法]分别选取成年印加果植株的18、36、54、72和90 DAF种子,利用液氮微量提取印加果种子的脂肪酸,通过气相色谱-质谱技术对其组分和相对含量进行动态变化的测定分析.[结果]印加果种子整个发育过程主要分离鉴定出56种物质,其中包括14种脂肪酸类化合物(80.13％),7种酯类化合物(2.70％),24种烷烃类化合物(12.40％),7种苯环类化合物(3.96％)以及4种其他化合物(0.81％).脂肪酸类化合物主要包含亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸及16-甲基十七烷酸等物质.随着成熟度增加,脂肪酸总含量逐渐从53.60％、76.30％、76.78％、96.43％增加至97.54％.其中,亚油酸和亚麻酸呈增加趋势,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸及16-甲基十七烷酸等物质呈下降趋势.[结论]在印加果种子发育过程中,脂肪酸物质逐渐由饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸物质转化为多不饱和脂肪酸物质,相比其他油料植物具有成熟期短、不饱和脂肪酸转化效率高等优点,推测可能与其高效的光合速率相关.因此,印加果作为一种强需光性的食用油料植物,适宜在纬度较低的广东、广西、云南、福建、海南以及台湾等部分区域进行种植.
