南麂列岛

摘要： 温州素来有“浙南水乡”之称,其湿地面积之大、类型之多,在全省仅次于宁波。全市湿地面积21.45万公顷,湿地率约16.26%,湿地保护率约32.54%。温州拥有1600多公里的海岸线,近海与海岸湿地面积比重超76%。拥有南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区、乐清西门岛海洋特别保护区、龙港红树林省级湿地公园、温州湾等近海与海岸湿地。其中温州湾湿地是世界八大国际候鸟迁徙路线之一的东亚-澳大利亚迁徙线途中重要的补给中转站。温州湾被国际鸟盟列为重要鸟区,2019年入选《中国沿海湿地保护绿皮书(2019)》项目“最值得关注的十块滨海湿地”。每年在温州湾湿地能记录到的迁徙及越冬水鸟有100多种,十多万只。其中包括国家一、二级重点保护鸟类黑脸琵鹭、卷羽鹈鹕、黑鹳、遗鸥、东方白鹳、白枕鹤、勺嘴鹬、青头潜鸭等20多种。

摘要： 2020年6~12月在南麂列岛采捕一种中大型章鱼44只,描述了形态特征,采用多元分析方法分析了形态多样性,并比较了与真蛸的差异,利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列构建了系统发育树,并计算了Kimura-2-Parameter(K2P)遗传距离。结果表明,此种章鱼形态特征与中华蛸基本一致,而与真蛸存在显著的形态差异:其第二、三对腕的扩大吸盘位于第12~15个吸盘之间,而真蛸则位于第15~19个吸盘之间;茎化腕吸盘数少于真蛸;舌叶指数小于真蛸。主成分分析与判别分析能将真蛸群体显著区分开,判别准确率为100%,而其余四个群体(南麂列岛与三个中华蛸群体)间存在重叠;聚类分析表明南麂列岛群体与中华蛸更近,二者均与真蛸存在较大距离。在遗传多样性分析中,南麂列岛群体单倍型4个,单倍型多样性水平为0.320±0.121,多态位点6个,核苷酸多样性指数为0.00111;系统发育树表明,该群体与中华蛸亲缘关系最近,K2P遗传距离0.14%,而与真蛸复合体其他类型为2.96%~12.11%。因此,从形态和分子水平鉴定南麂列岛章鱼为中华蛸。

摘要： 为了推动海水养殖的可持续发展,研究其中水动力过程对生态要素的影响,本文基于实测数据,研究了南麂列岛养殖功能海域秋季的潮致混合特征及其对营养盐浓度的影响.结果显示,该海域雷诺应力呈现出显著落潮占优的特点,而落潮阶段高、低潮附近的转流过程又分别具有正、斜压的特点,进一步导致高潮时雷诺应力峰值被限制于近底层,而低潮时雷诺应力峰值自底至表陆续出现.南麂列岛养殖功能海域营养盐浓度很高,其中NO2、PO43-与SiO32-浓度受雷诺应力影响显著,而NO3-浓度与盐度相关性明显,主要受水团控制.%Hydrodynamic processes are a vital condition to ecological systems and conducible to local sustainable aquaculture development.Using our in-situ observation data,we studied the characteristics of tide-induced mixing and its impact on nutrients concentrations in autumn in the breeding grounds around Nanji Archipelago,the East China Sea.The results demonstrate that the Reynolds stress in the sea area is ebb-dominant.During ebb tide,there is a conversion between barotropic and baroclinic tides from high to low tide.As a sequence,the high Reynolds stress is limited in the near-bottom layer during high tide while it is present successively from bottom to surface during low tide.The concentrations of nutrients in the breeding grounds around Nanji Archipelago are high.Reynolds stress exerts direct influences on NO2,PO34-,and SiO32-.However,NO3-is closely related to salinity,and thus controlled by water mass.

摘要： 根据2013年11月、2014年2月、5月、8月对南麂列岛岩相潮间带7个断面进行的生物资源定量和定性调查所获得的软体动物资料,研究了该区域软体动物的种类组成和数量分布特征.结果显示:(1)共鉴定出软体动物种类63种,隶属于3纲13目34科52属.春、夏、秋、冬季出现的种类数分别是48种、48种、45种、41种.(2)不同季节软体动物资源数量不同,在个体数上是春季＞秋季＞冬季＞夏季;在重量上则是春季＞秋季＞夏季＞冬季;软体动物平均个体数和生物量分别为506.5个/m2和801.54 g/m2,且以春季为最大,冬季为最小.(3)不同潮区的软体动物平均个体数不同,具体是中潮区＞低潮区＞高潮区;生物量差异也很明显,具体是低潮区＞中潮区＞高潮区.(4)不同季节的优势种差异较大,但条纹隔贻贝是一年四季共有的第一大优势种.研究表明,由于受海流、地形、风浪等环境因素的影响,南麂列岛潮间带软体动物在不同季节、不同断面的分布差异较大.同时,通过与历史资料的对比发现,近二十年来,南麂列岛软体动物的物种数及数量有一定程度的减少.%Based on the mollusks’ data which were obtained by biological resources quantitative and qualitative in-vestigation in seven sections of the intertidal zone of Nanji Islands in November 2013, February, May and August 2014, this paper studied the species composition and quantitative distribution of mollusks in this area. The results are as follows: (1) A total of 63 species of mollusks were identified, which belong to 3 classes, 13 orders, 34 famil-ies and 52 genera. The numbers of species that appeared in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 48, 48, 45 and 41, respectively. (2) The numbers of mollusks resources was different in different seasons. As for the number of individuals: spring＞ autumn＞ winter＞ summer; As for the weight: spring＞ autumn＞ summer＞ winter; the average individual number and biomass of mollusks are 506.5/m2 and 801.54 g/m2, and the maximum was in spring and the minimum was in winter, respectively. (3) The average numbers of mollusks varied in different tidal areas: middle tidal zone＞ low tidal zone＞ high tidal zone. The differences in biomass were also apparent: low tidal zone＞ middle tidal zone＞high tidal zone. (4) The dominant species varied greatly in different seasons, but Septifer virgatus was the first dominant species throughout the year. Because of the influence of environmental factors, such as currents, topography and wind waves, the distribution of mollusks in Nanji Islands varied greatly in different seasons and sections. At the same time, compared with the past data, the kinds of and the number of mollusks in Nanji Islands have decreased to some extent in recent 20 years.

摘要： To know the status and 20 years' variation of benthic diatom biodiversity and community structure in intertidal sandy sediment in the Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve (NINMNR) of China,we investigated community composition and seasonal variations of marine benthic diatoms between November 2013 and August 2014 in the intertidal zone of the Huokun'ao sandy beach in the NINMNR,and compared this to historic data obtained from intertidal sandy sediments of the Nanji Islands.A total of 120 benthic diatom species belonging to 49 genera were identified.Among these,17 species were classified as dominant species,including Fallacia litoricola,Diploneis smithii and D.parca.The Shannon diversity index (H') values of benthic diatoms varied between 2.388 and 3.455.The peak of H'appeared in spring,and the lowest value occurred in fall.Spatially,the highest H'value was present in the middle tidal zone and the lowest was found in the high tide zone.The result of analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed there were significant differences in the benthic community between the high,middle and low tidal areas,while no significant differences were observed between the four seasons.The result of BIOENV suggested that salinity was the most important factor regulating the benthic diatom community.The present study and historic data indicate that the community structure of benthic diatoms in the sandy sediments of Nanji Islands changed markedly over the past few decades.Compared with data obtained from three surveys conducted between 1981 and 1993,the number of diatom orders has decreased from 16 to 14,while the number of families has increased from 24 to 31,and the number of genera and species has significantly increased from 29 to 49 and from 55 to 120,respectively.The increase of diatom taxa is likely due to the enhanced intensity of taxonomic study.Nonetheless,the average taxonomic distinctness index (A+) values decreased from 79.79 to71.41.Strikingly,large attached diatoms recorded in the past have been replaced by small attached forms as well as epipelons.This could be the result of intense human activities and the long-term effects of over-discharged organic matter.%为了解南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区砂质潮间带底栖硅藻多样性与群落结构的现状及近20多年来的变化,于2013年11月至2014年8月,对南麂列岛火煜岙砂质潮间带的底栖硅藻进行了4个季节的采样和研究,并与1981-1993年有关的历史资料进行了比较分析.本研究共鉴定底栖硅藻49属120种,海岸曲解藻(Fallacia litoricola)、史氏双壁藻(Diploneis smithii)、稀疏双壁藻(D.parca)等17种为目前的优势种.Shannon多样性指数在2.388-3.445之间,以春季最高,秋季最低;在空间分布上依次为:中潮区＞低潮区＞高潮区.相似性分析(analysis of similarities,ANOSIM)表明底栖硅藻群落在不同潮区间差异显著,而季节差异不显著.BIOENV分析显示盐度与底栖硅藻群落结构的相关性最高.本研究结果表明,南麂列岛砂质潮间带的底栖硅藻群落结构近几十年来已发生了明显变化.与1981-1993年南麂列岛的3次调查数据相比,目级阶元减少了2个,科级阶元增加了7个,而属级和种级阶元较过去的29属55种有了显著增加,这可能是分类研究强度增加所致.但分类学多样性降低,平均分类差异指数△+由过去的79.79降至71.41;且过去记录的大个体固着类群被现今的小个体固着类群和间隙运动类群(epipelon)所取代,这可能是火煜岙过去人类活动频繁、有机质过量排放的长期效应所致.

摘要： Based on field survey, species composition and α diversity indexes of five typical habitats ( arbor land, forest edge, abandoned land, waste hillside and shrub land ) of natural population of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis M. Roem. on Daleishan Island of Nanji Islands in Zhejiang Province were analyzed, and the relationship between species distribution and main environmental factors, interspecific relationship between N. tazetta var. chinensis and its associated species, and spatial distribution pattern of natural population of N. tazetta var. chinensis were studied by using canonical correspondence analysis ( CCA ) , minimum spanning tree ( MST ) analysis and spatial point pattern analysis ( SPPA ) , respectively. The results show that there are 28 species in five habitats of natural population of N. tazetta var. chinensis on Daleishan Island of Nanji Islands in Zhejiang Province, in which, there are 16, 13, 9, 8 and 8 species in arbor land, forest edge, abandoned land, waste hillside and shrub land, respectively. Important value of N. tazetta var. chinensis in all five habitats is the highest. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of abandoned land and arbor land is higher, that of shrub land and forest edge is the second, while that of waste hillside is the lowest. Cluster analysis result of five habitats shows that abandoned land and arbor land are clustered into one group, and other three habitats are clustered into the other group. CCA ordination result shows that distribution of N. tazetta var. chinensis is negatively correlated with slope, and positively correlated with electrical conductivity, water content and temperature of soil, aspect, and altitude, indicating that habitat with gentle slope, and moderate water content, electrical conductivity and temperature of soil is suitable for the growth of N. tazetta var. chinensis. MST analysis result shows that N. tazetta var. chinensis has the closest interspecific relationship with its associated species Rumex japonicus Houtt., Bidens pilosa Linn. and Artemisia lavandulifolia DC., which should be considered as key prevention objects in biological treatment for restoration of natural population of N. tazetta var. chinensis. SPPA analysis result shows that number of N. tazetta var. chinensis association distributed in the waste hillside is relatively high, which distributes concentratedly in the northeast corner, but rarely in the west and south;N. tazetta var. chinensis association shows random distribution at the scale of 0. 0-0. 1 m;when the scale is greater than 0. 1 m, it shows concentrated distribution. It is suggested that natural population of N. tazetta var. chinensis on Daleishan Island of Nanji Islands in Zhejiang Province mainly distributes concentratedly in abandoned land on the southeast slope, and heterogeneity of island habitat and self-reproduction characteristics are the key factors influencing restoration of natural population of N. tazetta var. chinensis on Nanji Islands. Long-term monitoring and related research are recommended for the community dynamics of N. tazetta var. chinensis, and integrated management combined with the ecosystem of the island is also suggested.%在野外调查基础上,对浙江南麂列岛大檑山屿水仙(Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis M.Roem.)自然居群5个典型生境(乔木林地、林缘、弃耕地、荒坡和灌木林地)的物种组成和α多样性指数进行分析,并采用典范对应分析(CCA)、最小生成树(MST)分析和空间点格局分析(SPPA)分别研究水仙自然居群物种分布与主要环境因子的关系、水仙与其伴生种的种间关系及空间分布格局.结果表明:浙江南麂列岛大檑山屿水仙自然居群5个生境共有植物28种,其中,乔木林地、林缘、弃耕地、荒坡和灌木林地分别有16、13、9、8和8种.5个生境中水仙的重要值均最高.弃耕地和乔木林地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较高,灌木林地和林缘其次,荒坡最低.5个生境的聚类分析结果显示:弃耕地和乔木林地聚为一组,其他3个生境聚为另一组.CCA排序结果显示:水仙的分布与坡度呈负相关,与土壤的电导率、含水量和温度以及坡向和海拔呈正相关,说明水仙适宜生长于坡度平缓以及土壤的含水量、电导率和温度适中的生境.MST分析结果显示:水仙与其伴生种羊蹄(Rumex japonicus Houtt.)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa Linn.)、野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulifolia DC.)的种间关系最近,这3个伴生种应作为水仙自然居群恢复生物治理的重点防控对象.SPPA分析结果显示:荒坡中水仙群丛分布数量相对较多,集中分布于东北角,西部和南部较少;在0.0~0.1 m尺度时,水仙群丛表现为随机分布;在大于0.1 m尺度时,表现为集中分布.研究结果显示:浙江南麂列岛大檑山屿水仙自然居群主要集中分布在东南坡的弃耕地,海岛生境异质性与自身繁殖特性是影响南麂列岛水仙自然居群恢复的关键因素,建议对水仙群落动态进行长期监测和相关研究,并结合岛屿生态系统进行综合管理.

摘要： 纤毛虫是潮间带沉积物中多样性高且丰度占优势的类群,其群落结构可反映环境状态.于2013年11月(秋季)、2014年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)和8月(夏季)焜开展了南麂列岛火岙砂质潮间带沉积物中纤毛虫物种多样性和群落结构的时空分布研究.结果表明,该生境中底栖纤毛虫物种丰富,共检获148种纤毛虫,涉及19目70余属;纤毛虫的丰度和物种组成呈现显著的季节差异和垂直分层差异.其中,丰度占优势的纤毛虫按食性依次为菌食类群、肉食类群和藻食类群;已非典型的砂隙纤毛虫区系,而是呈现出某些有机质丰富的泥沙质沉积物中的纤毛虫群落的特点,这可能是该生境受人类活动影响的后续效应.但纤毛虫物种多样性较高,这表明尽管存在人类干扰的长期效应,潮间带周边环境良好,对周边居民及设施的动迁等多样性保护措施可能已经产生了向好的结果.

摘要： 南麂列岛地处亚热带海域,是台湾暖流和江浙沿岸流的交汇处,因而呈现出很好的生物多样性.据调查,南麂列岛附近海域已鉴定的浮游植物甲藻有53种,而到目前为止,对南麂列岛海域甲藻的休眠孢囊种类和分布的调查仍为空白.本文通过对2014年南麂列岛附近海域沉积物中甲藻孢囊的调查研究,在该海域共发现甲藻孢囊10属26种,其中,种类最多的是原多甲藻属(Protoperidinium),有10种;其次是斯氏藻属(Scrippsiella)和亚历山大藻属(Alexandrium),分别有4种,膝沟藻属(Gonyaulax)2种,舌甲藻属(Lingulodinium)、易碎藻属(Fragilidium)、扁甲藻属(Pyrophacus)、翼藻属(Diplopsalis)、裸甲藻属(Gymnodinium)和多沟藻属(Polykrikos)各1种.这些甲藻孢囊中,异养型和自养型甲藻孢囊各13种,自养型甲藻孢囊在数量上所占比例较大(79％).2014年南麂列岛海域甲藻孢囊丰度较低,每毫升沉积物能检测出2-33个;夏、秋季的孢囊丰富度较高;岙口等相对开放海域的孢囊丰度明显高于岙内各站点.值得注意的是,三种有毒甲藻孢囊,塔玛/相似亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense/affine),具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)和多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedra)的孢囊也在样品中检出,并且分别占春季、夏季和秋季孢囊总丰度的37％、23％和27％.本研究为完善南麂列岛甲藻的物种多样性提供了依据.

摘要： 【目的】研究浙江南麂列岛海洋自然保护区浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系，为评价该海域生态环境质量的现状及其变化趋势提供科学依据。【方法】以2013年11月和2014年5月对该保护区28个站位的调查数据为基础，分析浮游植物的种类组成，以及细胞丰度、优势度指数、多样性指数、综合富营养化指数等。【结果】南麂列岛多数水体处于富营养状态。春季调查共发现浮游植物2门24种（属），秋季调查共发现浮游植物2门22种（属）；物种组成以广温性近岸种为主，主要优势种为甲藻和硅藻。春季调查中夜光藻（Noctilucas cintillans ）、圆筛藻属（Coscinodiscus sp．）和海链藻属（Thalassiosira sp．）成为优势类群；秋季调查中具槽帕拉藻（Paraliasulcata ）成为优势类群。【结论】南麂列岛浮游植物群落在近二十年来物种数及丰度均发生了一定程度的变化：物种数大幅减少，春秋季平均丰度上升。%[Objective]This article studied the current status of phytoplankton community struc-tures in Nanji Islands,Zhejiang Province and its relationships with environmental factors,to provide scientific support for assessment on the situation and development trend of the ecologi-cal environment quality of this marine area.[Methods]The species composition,density,domi-nance indices,the Shannon-Weiner diversity and the index of nutritional status assessment were analyzed based on the survey data of 28 stations in Nanji Islands in November,2013 and May, 2014,respectively.[Results]The index of nutritional status assessment revealed that the majori-ty of the Nanji Islands sea area was in the condition of eutrophication.24 phytoplankton species were identified in the spring and 22 species in the autumn with diatom and dinoflagellate domi-nated in both seasons.In the spring,Noctilucas cintillans,Coscinodiscus sp.and Thalassiosira sp.were the dominant species,while Paralia sulcata dominated in the autumn.[Conclusion]The species composition of the phytoplankton in Nanj i Islands sea area has decreased significantly and the average abundance has increased,in com-parison with the previous reports.

摘要： 为揭示浙江6个重要列岛(嵊泗列岛、中街山列岛、渔山列岛、台州列岛、洞头列岛、南麂列岛)潮间带大型底栖动物分类多样性和更好地养护大型底栖动物资源。根据调查文献,按中国海洋生物名录构建大型底栖动物种类名录,对大型底栖动物物种数、分类多样性指数、G-F多样性测度指数和相似性系数进行分析。结果显示,这6个重要列岛潮间带大型底栖动物物种数差异较大。其中,南麂列岛最高(330种),台州列岛最低(133种)。平均分类差异指数∆+嵊泗列岛最高,达84.76,台州列岛最低,仅70.89,而分类差异变异指数L+值洞头列岛的最高,达846.94,嵊泗列岛最低,仅630.25。南麂列岛的G-F多样性测度指数最高,达0.87,这表明在科级分类阶元多样性(F 指数)一定的前提下,属级分类阶元多样性(G 指数)将会变高。科级和目级相似性结果显示,科级相似性最高的是洞头列岛与台州列岛,达0.651,渔山列岛与嵊泗列岛最低,仅0.480；目级相似性最高的仍是洞头列岛与台州列岛,达0.781,台州列岛与渔山列岛最低,仅0.623。本研究分析了浙江6个重要列岛潮间带大型底栖动物分类多样性,以期为浙江海岛潮间带大型底栖动物资源的养护、开发与管理提供科学依据。%The macrobenthos is an important part of the ecological system in biological communities, and plays an im-portant role in energy transformation and material circulation. With the decline of marine fishery resources, the inter-tidal zones in six important islands of Zhejiang are seriously threatened by human activities, causing deep recession of some significant economic macrobenthos living resources. We investigated the taxonomic diversity of the macrobenthos of the intertidal zone, and protected the macrobenthos resources in several important islands of Zhejiang (East China Sea). We used the macrobenthos composition produced by the Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas, which is based on the historical data of macrobenthos surveys in several important islands of Zhejiang since the 1980s. The species number, taxonomic diversity,G-F index and composition of species similarity index in the order and family levels were calculated. The results showed that species number in the macrobenthos differed in several important islands of Zheji-ang. The largest species number occurred in the Nanji Islands: a total of 330 macrobenthos species were recorded, be-longing to 213 genera, 124 families, 42 orders, 18 classes and 10 phyla. The lowest species number was recorded in the Taizhou Islands, with a total of 133 macrobenthos species belonging to 105 genera, 73 families, 29 orders, 15 classes and nine phyla. We used the PRIMER 5.2 software to calculate the average taxonomic distinctness index and the varia-tion in taxonomic distinctness index for several important islands of Zhejiang. The Shengsi islandshad the maximum average taxonomic distinctness index (84.76), while the minimum was the Taizhou Islands (70.89). Thus, the genetic relationship of the composition of the macrobenthos species in the Shengsi Islands was more distant than that of the other six islands. The maximum variation in taxonomic distinctness index was calculated for the Dongtou Islands (846.94) and the Shengsi Islands had the minimum (630.25). The islands showed the maximum G-Findex (0.87), which indicates a higherG-index on the premise of a constantF-index. Compared with the composition of macroben-thos species similarity index analysis at the order level,the composition of macrobenthos species similarity between the Dongtou Islands and Taizhou Islands was the highest (0.651) and the lowest was between the Yushan Islands and Shengsi Islands (0.480). At the family level,the highest composition of macrobenthos species similarity index was between the Dongtou Islands and Taizhou Islands (0.781) and the lowest was between the Taizhou islands and Yushan Islands. Thus, the macrobenthos species compositions were not significantly different between the Dongtou Islands and Taizhou Islands at the order and family levels. The macrobenthos of the intertidal zone taxonomic diversity in six im-portant islands of Zhejiang was analyzed, which provided references for conservation, development and management within the macrobenthos of the intertidal zoneof the Zhejiang Islands.

摘要： 为评估南麂列岛海洋保护区内潮间带大型底栖动物的多样性水平和保护状况,笔者于2003年、2006-2007年、2012-2013年对南麂列岛进行了调查.结果表明,三时段调查分别鉴定出底栖动物184种、145种和354种.岩礁相潮间带底栖动物平均丰度分别为3878±690 ind/m2,3038±643ind/m2及5132±589ind/m2,平均生物量分别为5028.41±496.33g/m2,7059.93±1319.95g/m2及3814.72±369.84g/m2,单因素方差分析表明岩礁的底栖动物有一定的季节性变化.沙滩的平均丰度分别为为32±6ind/m2,66±18ind/m2及97±23ind/m2,平均生物量为31.85±9.36g/m2,64.30±4.14g/m2及616.90±300.77 g/m2,单因素方差分析结果表明大沙岙核心区内外丰度有显著性差异.岩礁多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰度指数(2.91±0.37～4.00±0.36,0.52±0.05～0.72±0.03,4.51±0.06～8.50±1.60)均高于沙滩(0.13±0.08～2.55±0.37,0.04±0.02～0.79±0.06,0.25±0.13～2.40±0.60).丰度/生物量对比曲线显示底栖动物群落受到一定程度的扰动,但总体状况尚属良好.三时段调查结果表明南麂列岛底栖动物群落仍保持着资源丰富、类型独特的生态状况,核心区内外结果则显示保护工作取得了一定成效.

摘要： 本文通过研究南麂列岛地理资源，农产品行业发展以及平阳县南麂岛开发有限公司经营优势，详述了南麂岛近几年品牌发展的探索道路。

摘要： 近年来,随着在地理学和生态学等许多学科领域计量运动的兴起,研究重点开始从定性研究向定量研究转变.本文借助分形理论对南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区内的主岛-南麂岛的地面覆盖及其状况进行分析,把图斑的复杂性、破碎性和形状等定性概念,用分维值和形状因子进行定量描述和比较,分析其形成机制.结果表明灌木林地和草地等自然性较强的类型的分维值较大,而晒场和居民地的分维值较小,庄稼地的分维值则介于它们之间.可见斑块分维值的大小跟斑块受人类干预程度密切相关.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种麂角杜鹃提取物及其制备方法和在卷烟中的应用，其制备方法，包括：将麂角杜鹃洗净后干燥，粉碎后在水中提取，得到提取液，其中，麂角杜鹃与水的重量比为1：20-50；提取液冷却后经离心和真空抽滤，滤液真空浓缩至提取液体积的1/30-1/10，得到浓缩液；向浓缩液中加入体积分数为95%-100%的乙醇，使体系中乙醇体积分数达到75%-90%，搅拌，静置8h-12h，离心，收集沉淀，冷冻干燥后即得麂角杜鹃提取物；该方法操作简单、成本低，适于工业化生产。制得的麂角杜鹃提取物应用到卷烟中，燃吸时烟气形态好，香气质提升和香气量增加，干燥感降低，舒适度等增强，明亮度得到显著提升，烟香有特色。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种扬州鹅南育‑北繁‑南养方法，包括以下步骤：(1)在南方温暖地区养殖扬州鹅核心群，5月中旬收集种蛋入孵，将孵化至23‑24d嘌蛋启运至北方冷凉地区；(2)嘌蛋到北方达冷凉地区，将嘌蛋继续孵化，6月中旬出雏，建立扬州鹅扩繁群；(3)待扬州鹅扩繁群在北方冷凉地区生长至次年3月底开产，夏季采用适当的遮荫与通风，6月初收集种蛋入孵，种鹅产蛋至10月底；(4)将上述6月初收集入孵的种蛋，孵化至23‑24d嘌蛋运往南方温暖地区，生产商品扬州鹅苗；(5)在南方温暖地区养殖扬州鹅商品鹅；本发明方法能够不仅有效解决了南方夏季雏鹅短缺问题，还为北方种鹅业提供了优质种源，操作难度小，生产成本低。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种用于鉴定黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)的特异性PCR引物，其中，所述特异性PCR引物包括如SEQ ID No：1所示的引物1，以及如SEQ ID No：2所示的引物2。本发明还公开了一种利用特异性PCR引物鉴定黑麂的方法，该方法包括：提取待测样品的总DNA并对总DNA进行PCR扩增；将扩增后的产物做琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测；其中，所述特异性PCR引物为上述特异性PCR引物，若泳道中出现1条特定长度的条带，则判断所述待测样品为来自黑麂的样品。本发明还公开了一种上述特异性PCR引物或鉴定方法在鉴定黑麂中的应用。通过设计上述引物，实现了简便易行且经济实用地鉴定黑麂的目的。

摘要： 本发明公开一种彝族风味麻麂油茶固体饮料及其加工方法。所述加工方法是将茶叶：水按重量1：10～15加入热水浸泡并过滤，得茶汤按重量份100～150、麻麂油20～80、核桃20～50、全脂奶粉10～40、食盐10～16、食品添加剂1～5加入搅拌机搅拌2～5 min，得麻麂油茶混合物加入均质机中均质1～3min，得麻麂油茶混匀物并杀菌，得灭菌麻麂油茶并浓缩处理，得麻麂油茶浓缩液并经冷冻干燥粉碎或喷雾干燥得到麻麂油茶固体饮料。本发明采用彝药中具有补气、祛风、暖胃的麻麂油，配合核桃、全脂奶粉及茶水，使固体饮料富含蛋白质、脂肪酸、氨基酸并形成独特的麻麂油茶传统风味，且生产方法工艺简单、营养成分损失少。

摘要： 本发明涉及具有不同缩率和出色麂装饰效应的变形纱(ATY)，该变形纱中，在可提取组分分离或提取之后具有单丝细度为0.001至0.3旦尼尔的至少一种或两种双组分复合纱(装饰纱)缠绕在热塑性复丝纱(芯纱)周围；每米双组分复合纱2至350个长度至少为1.0mm的弧圈在变形纱的表面上形成，且95％以上的长度至少为1.0mm的双组分复合纱弧圈具有1.0至2.5mm的长度。本发明通过双组分复合纱(装饰纱)和热塑性复丝纱(芯纱)在装饰纱和芯纱的超喂率之比为1.2至4.0的条件下、在空气变形喷嘴内进行空气变形而制备了上述具有不同缩率的变形纱。本发明具有不同缩率的变形纱用于机织物或针织物的生产时显示了极好的麂装饰效应，因为双组分复合纱的单丝可分散性优异，起绒纤维密度高，且起绒纤维长度均匀。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种检测南鹤虱或南鹤虱提取物中有关物质含量的方法，其包括：(a)制得供试品溶液，并以木犀草素‑7‑O‑葡萄糖醛酸苷作为对照品，制得对照品溶液；(b)分别对所述供试品溶液和所述对照品溶液进行高效液相色谱检测；其中，所述高效液相色谱检测的条件包括：在347nm的波长下，以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为色谱柱的填充剂，以甲酸水溶液为流动相A，以乙腈为流动相B，采用梯度洗脱的方式洗脱。本发明的方法采用高效液相色谱法对南鹤虱或南鹤虱提取物中有关物质的含量进行检测，提高了检测效率，具有准确度好、精密度高、专属性强、稳定性好的优势。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种南酸枣酵素的制备方法及一种南酸枣酵素，制备方法包括：酶解步骤：取南酸枣果皮和果肉，进行酶解后灭酶；发酵步骤：在经酶解处理的南酸枣果皮和果肉中加入糖，再接入混合菌种进行恒温发酵；所述混合菌种包括：植物乳酸杆菌N13、保加利亚乳杆菌和瑞士乳杆菌中的至少两种；冻干及粉碎步骤：将经发酵处理的南酸枣果皮和果肉进行冻干，然后粉碎，得到南酸枣酵素；南酸枣酵素，能够保持南酸枣中总黄酮、有机酸、Vc(维生素C)等的营养成分，具有调理人体新陈代谢，加强胃肠道吸收的功能。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种南酸枣果皮的加工工艺及一种南酸枣果皮茶，南酸枣果皮的加工工艺，包括：灭菌步骤：取南酸枣果皮，进行灭菌处理；发酵步骤：在经灭菌的南酸枣果皮中接入混合菌种，并在恒温和无氧条件下进行发酵；所述混合菌种包括：植物乳酸杆菌N13、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌；干燥步骤：将经发酵的南酸枣果皮进行干燥，即得经加工的南酸枣果皮；南酸枣果皮茶包括按重量份计的以下有效成分：经加工的南酸枣果皮35‑50份；熟酸枣仁25‑45份；大枣25‑45份；南酸枣果皮通过生物发酵技术进行充分利用，可以作为制备食品、饮品的成分，并能够在食品、饮品中体现南酸枣果皮的独特风味。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种扬州鹅南育‑北繁‑南养方法，包括以下步骤：(1)在南方温暖地区养殖扬州鹅核心群，5月中旬收集种蛋入孵，将孵化至23‑24d嘌蛋启运至北方冷凉地区；(2)嘌蛋到北方达冷凉地区，将嘌蛋继续孵化，6月中旬出雏，建立扬州鹅扩繁群；(3)待扬州鹅扩繁群在北方冷凉地区生长至次年3月底开产，夏季采用适当的遮荫与通风，6月初收集种蛋入孵，种鹅产蛋至10月底；(4)将上述6月初收集入孵的种蛋，孵化至23‑24d嘌蛋运往南方温暖地区，生产商品扬州鹅苗；(5)在南方温暖地区养殖扬州鹅商品鹅；本发明方法能够不仅有效解决了南方夏季雏鹅短缺问题，还为北方种鹅业提供了优质种源，操作难度小，生产成本低。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种保护幼麂的圈舍，具体涉及一种圈舍，包括圈顶、圈底以及用于支撑且固定圈顶的固定柱，还包括便于幼麂饮水的饮水装置，饮水装置位于圈顶的遮蔽范围内；圈底周部设有防止幼麂外逃的护栏，护栏侧壁开设有供饲养者进入圈舍的圈门，护栏还设有便于排除圈舍内废水的第一废液出口；饮水装置包括与圈底固定连接的饮水台，饮水台设有饮水槽，饮水槽槽壁设有排出饮水槽内液体的第二废液出口。本实用新型具有分散水源以及食物，从而使得幼麂之间不发生争斗的优点。