浙江6个列岛潮间带大型底栖动物分类多样性

摘要

为揭示浙江6个重要列岛(嵊泗列岛、中街山列岛、渔山列岛、台州列岛、洞头列岛、南麂列岛)潮间带大型底栖动物分类多样性和更好地养护大型底栖动物资源。根据调查文献,按中国海洋生物名录构建大型底栖动物种类名录,对大型底栖动物物种数、分类多样性指数、G-F多样性测度指数和相似性系数进行分析。结果显示,这6个重要列岛潮间带大型底栖动物物种数差异较大。其中,南麂列岛最高(330种),台州列岛最低(133种)。平均分类差异指数∆+嵊泗列岛最高,达84.76,台州列岛最低,仅70.89,而分类差异变异指数L+值洞头列岛的最高,达846.94,嵊泗列岛最低,仅630.25。南麂列岛的G-F多样性测度指数最高,达0.87,这表明在科级分类阶元多样性(F 指数)一定的前提下,属级分类阶元多样性(G 指数)将会变高。科级和目级相似性结果显示,科级相似性最高的是洞头列岛与台州列岛,达0.651,渔山列岛与嵊泗列岛最低,仅0.480；目级相似性最高的仍是洞头列岛与台州列岛,达0.781,台州列岛与渔山列岛最低,仅0.623。本研究分析了浙江6个重要列岛潮间带大型底栖动物分类多样性,以期为浙江海岛潮间带大型底栖动物资源的养护、开发与管理提供科学依据。%The macrobenthos is an important part of the ecological system in biological communities, and plays an im-portant role in energy transformation and material circulation. With the decline of marine fishery resources, the inter-tidal zones in six important islands of Zhejiang are seriously threatened by human activities, causing deep recession of some significant economic macrobenthos living resources. We investigated the taxonomic diversity of the macrobenthos of the intertidal zone, and protected the macrobenthos resources in several important islands of Zhejiang (East China Sea). We used the macrobenthos composition produced by the Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas, which is based on the historical data of macrobenthos surveys in several important islands of Zhejiang since the 1980s. The species number, taxonomic diversity,G-F index and composition of species similarity index in the order and family levels were calculated. The results showed that species number in the macrobenthos differed in several important islands of Zheji-ang. The largest species number occurred in the Nanji Islands: a total of 330 macrobenthos species were recorded, be-longing to 213 genera, 124 families, 42 orders, 18 classes and 10 phyla. The lowest species number was recorded in the Taizhou Islands, with a total of 133 macrobenthos species belonging to 105 genera, 73 families, 29 orders, 15 classes and nine phyla. We used the PRIMER 5.2 software to calculate the average taxonomic distinctness index and the varia-tion in taxonomic distinctness index for several important islands of Zhejiang. The Shengsi islandshad the maximum average taxonomic distinctness index (84.76), while the minimum was the Taizhou Islands (70.89). Thus, the genetic relationship of the composition of the macrobenthos species in the Shengsi Islands was more distant than that of the other six islands. The maximum variation in taxonomic distinctness index was calculated for the Dongtou Islands (846.94) and the Shengsi Islands had the minimum (630.25). The islands showed the maximum G-Findex (0.87), which indicates a higherG-index on the premise of a constantF-index. Compared with the composition of macroben-thos species similarity index analysis at the order level,the composition of macrobenthos species similarity between the Dongtou Islands and Taizhou Islands was the highest (0.651) and the lowest was between the Yushan Islands and Shengsi Islands (0.480). At the family level,the highest composition of macrobenthos species similarity index was between the Dongtou Islands and Taizhou Islands (0.781) and the lowest was between the Taizhou islands and Yushan Islands. Thus, the macrobenthos species compositions were not significantly different between the Dongtou Islands and Taizhou Islands at the order and family levels. The macrobenthos of the intertidal zone taxonomic diversity in six im-portant islands of Zhejiang was analyzed, which provided references for conservation, development and management within the macrobenthos of the intertidal zoneof the Zhejiang Islands.