Fuel

摘要： Indaba Renewable Fuels(Indaba)公司将在美国加利福尼亚州和密苏里州新建两座炼制厂,利用Topsoe公司的HydroFlex技术生产可持续航空燃料(SAF)。这两个设施预计将于2024年开始生产SAF,产能均为6500 bbl d(1 bbl≈159 L)。

摘要： A series of novel binary deep eutectic solvents(DESs)composed of choline chloride(ChCl)and formic acid(HCOOH)with different molar ratios have been successfully synthesized and applied in extractive desulfurization(EDS).Keggin-type polyoxometallate ionic liquid[TTPh]_(3)PW_(12)O_(40) was prepared and used as catalyst to enhance the EDS capacity by means of photocatalytic oxidative process.Both of the DESs and[TTPh]_(3)PW_(12)O_(40) ionic liquid catalyst were characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra(FT-IR),elemental analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It was found that the molar ratios of Ch Cl:HCOOH had a major impact on desulfurization performance,and the optimal desulfurization capacity 96.5%was obtained by ChCl/5 HCOOH.Besides dibenzothiophene(DBT),the desulfurization efficiencies of 4-methylbenzothiophene(4-MDBT)and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6-DMDBT),two kinds of DBT derivatives,were also investigated under the same experimental conditions.Moreover,the free radical scavenging experiments manifested that superoxide radical(·O_(2)^(-)) and hole(h^(+)) played important roles in the desulfurization system.After further analysis of the oxidation products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC–MS),the possible reaction mechanism was proposed.Thus,photocatalytic oxidative has been proved to be one of the efficient approaches for enhancing the extractive desulfurization performance in DES.

摘要： With the rapid development of modern industry,high-grade paving asphalt is massively required to meet the demands for modern transportation.As one of additives,natural asphalt is indispensable since it can improve the performance of paving asphalt in all aspects.However,the application of non-renewable natural asphalt is increasingly restricted by its limited reserves.It is imperative to find alternative approaches to produce high-grade paving asphalt.Fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)slurry oil is an ideal soft component for producing paving asphalt due to its high content of aromatics and resins.However,its bad ageing resistance limits its application to only low-grade paving asphalt.In the present work,a novel approach for producing high-grade paving asphalt was investigated using chemically modified FCC slurry oil and deoiled asphalt(DOA).The FT-IR and NMR results showed that dehydrogenation and condensation reaction occurred during the ageing process.From a series of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes,propanal was selected as a proper modifier to improve the ageing resistance of FCC slurry oil.The propanalmodified slurry oil possessed more substituted aromatic units and less aromatic hydrogen atoms than other modified slurry oils,thus showing better ageing resistance.With the increase of length of aliphatic chains in modifier,the modified slurry oil contained more and longer alkyl substituent group on aromatics.Compared with the cross-linked oil(slurry oil modified by cross-linking agent),modified slurry oil possessed similar ageing resistance but higher flowing ability.Also,the effect of operation conditions on the kinematic viscosity of modified slurry oil were investigated.Blended with modified slurry oil,the penetration ratio of asphalt product increased from 53.7 to 66.2,which met the standard of 70#paving asphalt.Both the microscopic observations and FT-IR results indicated that modification process effectively reduced the oxidation degree of asphalt product,thus increasing the ageing resistance.Consequently,with aid of this process,high-grade paving asphalt was readily produced from low value oil from downstream products of refinery,instead of the depleting natural asphalt.

摘要： [Objectives]To explore the relationship between vegetation index and forest surface fuel load.[Methods]UAV multispectral remote sensing was used to obtain large-scale forest images and obtain structural data of forest surface fuel load.This experimental area was located in Gaoming District,Foshan City,Guangdong Province.The average surface fuel load of the experimental area was as high as 39.33 t/ha,and the forest surface fuel load of Pinus elliottii was the highest.[Results]The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and enhanced vegetation index(EVI)had a moderately strong correlation with the forest surface fuel load.The regression model of NDVI(X)and forest surface fuel load(Y)was established:Y=-5.9354X+8.4663,and the regression model of EVI(X)and forest surface fuel load(Y)was established:Y=-5.8485X+6.7271.The study also found that the linear relationship between NDVI and surface fuel load was more significant.[Conclusions]Both NDVI and EVI have moderately strong correlations with forest surface fuel load.NDVI is moderately or strongly correlated with the surface fuel load of Pinus massoniana forest,shrub grassland,broad-leaf forest and bamboo forest,while EVI is only strongly correlated with surface fuel load of broad-leaf forest and bamboo forest.It is expected that the relationship between other vegetation indices and forest surface fuel load can be obtained by the method in this study,so as to find a more universal vegetation index for calculating surface fuel load.

摘要： As of February 19,CNPC’s hydrogen refuelling station at Taizicheng Service Area put into operation on February 7 had refuelled 470 hydrogen fuel vehicles with a total of 4958.94 kg of hydrogen fuel.The station will effectively guarantee the hydrogen supply for the 2022 Winter Olympics.

摘要： Dear editor,Diesel engines have been widely used in vehicles because of their excellent fuel efficiency and durability. Although they only represent a small percentage of vehicle ownership, they cause the majority of on-road emissions such as NOx and PM [1].

摘要： 日前,日本汽车厂商本田汽车宣布,自今年8月开始,终止氢燃料电池汽车Clarity Fuel Cell的生产。在今年年初时,日产汽车也曾宣布暂停与戴姆勒及福特合作开发燃料电池车的计划,将力量集中于发展电动汽车。日本两大车企先后止步于氢燃料电池这条路线,在行业内引起轩然大波。要知道,日本是世界上布局燃料电池最早的国家之一,更是在2014年就提出了建设"氢能社会"的目标。日本要退出氢燃料电池市场了吗?此举对日本今后的氢能发展路线有影响吗?行业中不时有质疑的声音出现。

摘要： 燃料电池技术的发展已逐渐成为全球能源及汽车领域的研究热点。但是,燃料电池仍面临着成本高、材料性能不足、电极设计和热管理技术有待改进等一系列挑战,需要世界各国研究人员共同努力,为燃料电池尽快进入实际应用做出贡献。为促进燃料电池汽车领域的技术进步,《Automotive Innovation》特组织了Fuel Cells专题。

摘要： Eucalyptus sawdust is a residue from fast-growing forest processing.Utilization of Eucalyptus sawdust as fuel by co-pelletization with natural forest sawdust could solve problems of waste disposal and material supply limitation of pellet production.This work targeted at providing a useful reference for improving pellet properties and optimizing variable combinations.Experiments were arranged using response surface methodology with a central composite design and carried out using a uniaxial piston-cylinder densification apparatus.Based on the analysis of variance of effects of variables on responses,the optimal models were all selected as quadratic and expressed in the form of regression equations.The differences between adjusted R2 and predicted R2 are all within 0.2 and the adequate precision is all greater than four illustrating the reliability of the established models.The optimal variable combinations were obtained according to the desired response goals and validation experiments were conducted.Errors between response predicted and actual values were calculated and applied to improve the model accuracy.After modification,final errors were reduced to less than 9%and could be accepted by pellet production.Experimental results also demonstrated that pellet properties and higher heating value were all increased by co-pelletization and optimization.This will be very beneficial for pellet application.Furthermore,these results could provide the required data for designing a suitable machine of pellet production.

摘要： The development of advanced transition metal/nitrogen/carbon-based(M/N/C)catalysts with high activity and extended durability for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is critical for platinum-group-metal(PGM)free fuel cells but still remains great challenging.In this review,we summarize the recent progress in two typical M/N/C catalysts(atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)catalysts and carbon-supported metal nanoparticles with N-doped carbon shells(M@NC))with an emphasis on their potential applications in fuel cells.Starting with understanding the active sites in these two types of catalysts,the representative innovative strategies for enhancing their intrinsic activity and increasing the density of these sites are systematically introduced.The synergistic effects of M-N-C and M@NC are subsequently discussed for those M/N/C catalysts combining both of them.To translate the material-level catalyst performance into high-performance devices,we also include the recent progress in engineering the porous structure and durability of M/N/C catalysts towards efficient performance in fuel cell devices.From the viewpoint of industrial applications,the scale-up cost-effective synthesis of M/N/C catalysts has been lastly briefed.With this knowledge,the challenges and perspectives in designing advanced M/N/C catalysts for potential PGM-free fuel cells are proposed.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于Fuel的OpenStack部署方法及装置，该方法包括：通过网络下载MOS及Ubuntu做成本地源；创建一台交换机，为其添加物理网卡并创建四个端口组；创建一台虚拟机并用Fuel将其装机为OpenStack主节点，为其配置四张网卡并与四个端口组一一对应连接；创建至少两台虚拟机分别作为OpenStack的计算从节点及控制从节点，为每个从节点配置四张网卡并与四个端口组一一对应连接；将本地源放置到主节点的指定目录下，并在将每个从节点开机后指示该主节点基于本地源为每个从节点安装系统；基于用户输入的配置信息实现对交换机、主节点及从节点的配置，完成部署。有效解决了现有技术中存在的问题。