environmental

摘要： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with metabolic deregulation.More recently,a significant impact of parental NAFLD in the offspring was demonstrated and has been widely discussed.However,pathogenetic pathways implicated in the inheritance by the offspring and relatives are still under debate.Probably,multiple mechanisms are involved as well as in NAFLD pathogenesis itself.Among the multifactorial involved mechanisms,genetic,epigenetic and environmental backgrounds are strongly related to NAFLD development in the offspring.Thus,based on recent evidence from the available literature concerning genetic,epigenetic and environmental disease modifiers,this review aimed to discuss the relationship between parental NAFLD and its impact on the offspring.

摘要： Agriculture is not only influenced by climate change,but it is also one of the significant contributors of CO_(2) emission.Understanding CO_(2) emission and macroeconomic variables is critical to solving the challenges and threats faced by Kenya’s agriculture and environment.This study used the Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)hypothesis and the autoregressive distribution lag model(ADLM)to analyze the relationships of CO_(2) emission with agricultural output,government direct investment,trade openness,and inflation rate in Kenya from 1983 to 2019.The study found that there exists a positive(direct)relationship between CO_(2) emission and foreign direct investment in the long run in Kenya.Additionally,CO_(2) emission and trade openness have a negative(indirect)and statistically significant relationship after the error correction term adjustment in the long run.Moreover,the relationship between CO_(2) emission and agricultural output is positive(direct)and statistically significant in the long run.There is a positive(direct)and statistically insignificant relationship between CO_(2) emission and inflation rate in the short run.Notably,the EKC hypothesis indicated that the Kenya’s economy is still on the environmental degradation trade-off through the gradual increase of both CO_(2) emission and agricultural output.Our results are important to Kenya’s economy because the derived insights will assist in relevant departments to formulate sustainable strategies to minimize environmental degradation.

摘要： The purpose of this study was to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the magnitude of the environmental problems caused by the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project on Nairobi National Park (NNP) and hence model GIS aided solutions to the problems. People may know the impacts the SGR has or can have on the park. However, there is no research that has been done to unearth the magnitude of these impacts, hence a knowledge gap that needs to be filled. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of these impacts will open up a door for the formulation of the most appropriate solutions for the identified problems. Relevant spatial and non-spatial data, based on the objectives, were collected for processing and analysis using geospatial technologies to assess the environmental footprints before and after the planned SGR on the Nairobi National Park. The layers were overlaid to identify the most impacted areas and spatial statistical methods used to predict the expected continued impact over 5 years and 10 years. The results successfully demonstrated how the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) has and will cause negative environmental impacts on Nairobi National Park by use of the various GIS analysis tools. The SGR-I has indeed encroached on Nairobi National Park occupying an area of 87.29 Hectares and the proposed SGR-IIA will cut across the park caving out an area of 42 Hectares. Moreover, approximately 500.61 Hectares of vegetation cover will be lost to construction and operation of the SGR. Ultimately, the noise and air pollution produced due to the SGR construction and operation will fragment the wild animals, affect the herbivores vegetation, and personnel as well. SGR encroachment into the park particularly affects the wildlife migration routes negatively. Some of the recommendations of the study are wet-spraying of cement and wet drilling to reduce dust emissions during the construction of SGR-IIA;often investigations of the construction sites and recommendation of a suitability analysis of the best SGR route to be carried out using GIS.

摘要： Understanding the mutual logic between environment and poverty mitigation is vital for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).This study conducts a bibliometric review of the available literature on environmental degradation and poverty and summarizes the existing researches.By applying suitable keywords,we retrieved 175 peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science published between 1993 and 2020.We utilized the visualization of similarity viewer(VOSviewer)for this bibliometric study and classified the leading publications,prominent journals,and institutions.Furthermore,our bibliometric review found a phenomenon in investigation that people are indifference about the impact of environmental degradation on rising poverty levels in poor and developing countries.In terms of contributions,this study classifies 4 leading thematic clusters that identify how environmental degradation increases poverty.By employing text mining analysis,this research connects specific environmental terms accountable for the recent rise in global poverty.We finally recommend that including other databases to strengthen the findings of environmental degradation and poverty is one of the future research directions.

摘要： Forests are considered as a sacred asset in India and have guided the way of living throughout its history.Indian forests not only accommodate the myriad species but also act as a survival support system to the communities that depended on them.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development proposed by the United Nations(UN)has gained momentum and becomes an integral part of the recent efforts of Indian governance.In this investigation,we examined the potential nexus between Indian forestry system(biodiversity-enriched assets,ecosystem services,constitutional mechanisms,and governances)and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)through theoretical underpinnings from literature that selected from database like Google Scholar,Indian forest survey reports,and information retrieved from Indian government websites.The significance of this review is that it presents comprehensive information about Indian forestry,biodiversity-rich assets,and sustainable forest management practices.The results show that Indian forestry as a whole is an integral part of the food-energy-water cycle and contributes to all dimensions of sustainable development,i.e.,economic sustainability,social sustainability,and environmental sustainability.The investigation confirms that besides partly contributing to the economy and life support systems to many dependent species,forests also act as boosters in the areas of food security and health.Targets related to the climate action,peace,and partnership goals are well in place through various forestry interventions and environmental commitments by the Government of India.

摘要： Adsorption of heavy metal ions on chitosan-based adsorbents has been extensively investigated.However,few studies explored the feasibility of desorbing and regenerating chitosan.Adsorbents used after adsorption of heavy metals are discarded,and this practice exacerbates the solid treatment problem.Regeneration and reuse of exhausted adsorbents should be considered to operate environment-friendly and cost-effective adsorption.This review was performed to summarize the desorption of heavy metal ions and possible regeneration of chitosan-based adsorbents using various desorption agents such as acids,alkalis,salts,and chelating agents.It was found that the highest desorption efficiencies were obtained by acidic eluents.The percentage use of desorption agents for desorbing followed the order of acids(49.3%)>chelators(26.9%)>alkalis(14.9%)>salts(8.9%).Moreover,the proper desorption time was estimated to be 0.84 by 1.37 h.The beneficial information is provided for the regeneration and recovery of chitosan adsorbents.

摘要： 随着我国能源投资国际化发展日益蓬勃,对境外有限追索权项目融资模式的探索以丰富传统海外投资模式在近年越发引起关注。卢志强先生在本文分享了他二十多年来在银行和新能源行业国内外融资的丰富经验,为我国海外投资方介绍项目融资与企业贷款的优势和方案对比、从贷方的角度分析银行对项目融资是怎么来评估以及转嫁风险、并为复杂的条款进行解读。借力外部融资除了可减少企业因负债率,更是为海外项目风险把关,确保项目更加可行和完善的。

摘要： Building Information Modelling(BIM)is becoming increasingly present in every stage of assets’lifecycle.More and more,the BIM approach is related to the sustainability assessment protocols which play an important role in reducing the impact on the environment.In the design and construction phase,the products’sustainability certification is a key issue to be managed and controlled,to achieve higher efficiency in operations.Through this research,a BIM-based methodology to automate the sustainability certification process in construction phase has been developed.According to the proposed method,the contractor proposes a building component to the work supervisor,by uploading the related technical datasheet in a Common Data Environment(CDE).If the component meets the performance requirements defined for the construction stage and agreed with the involved parties(work supervisor,client and sustainability accredited professional),it is validated and uploaded in the BIM model by the BIM manager.The methodology has been tested in a case study,confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach.However,it should be further validated.Moreover,it can be improved and a higher level of automation can be achieved,in order to cope with product dictionaries and templates under development in CEN technical committee 442.

摘要： Environmental standards,as independent/explanatory variables of C21 capital costing functions,may refer to parts of space that we want to control in order to protect subsystems that are particularly sensitive and/or importance.In these cases,we need a quantitative relationship that links the environmental characteristics of the source of pollution to those of the reference/control points.In this article we will identify the capital cost functions C21=f(Sf),where Sf is a spatially distributed parameter(e.g.BOD),characteristic of an environmental model.

摘要： In the present study Ⅰ employ ecological niche modeling to construct the global potential distribution range of the invasive species-the yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes using past, current and future climatic scenarios respectively. Three modeling algorithms, GARP, BioClim and Environmental Distance, were used for comparative analysis. Based on the modeling results, Ⅰ suggest that the origin of this insect is from S Asia. A historical dispersal routine of this insect is proposed accordingly: originating from S Asia, expanding to Europe and transferring into Afrotropical region, then forming its current distributional patterns. The invasive risk of A. Gracilipes under future climatic change scenarios will become higher because the suitable environmental conditions extend to higher latitudinal ranges. Compared to GARP model, BioClim and Environmental Distance models are better in modeling species'ancestral distribution. The possible influence factors on the prediction accuracy of the models are discussed as well.

摘要： 用于环境扫描电子显微镜的整套电子光学/差压抽气/图象信号检测系统。该显微镜包括：圆柱形物镜磁屏蔽罩14；罩14包括真空衬管22和束流聚焦装置20，一磁性环47邻接罩14的下端并有两个轴向设置的抽气口；至少两个非磁孔板34，36和一终端磁性孔板38装在环47的不同轴向位置并向其内延伸。这些孔板至少确定了分别连通所述抽气口的两个内部通道；一个可拆卸地安装并密封于孔板34，36之中心孔内的光阑座和电子检测装置。