China

摘要： BACKGROUND: A national standardized emergency medicine(EM) curriculum for medical students, including specific competencies in procedural skills, are absent in many countries. The development of an intensive simulating training program in EM, based on a tight schedule, is anticipated to enhance the competency of medical students.METHODS: A 3-day intensive EM training program, consisting of four procedural skills and 8-hour case-based learning(CBL), was developed by experienced physicians from the EM department in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH). Medical students from Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) and Tsinghua University(THU) participated in the training. Three written tests were cautiously designed to examine the short-term(immediately after the program) and long-term(6 months after the program) efficacy of the training. After completion of the training program, an online personal appraisal questionnaire was distributed to the students on WeChat(a mobile messaging App commonly used in China) to achieve anonymous self-evaluation.RESULTS: Ninety-seven out of 101 students completed the intensive training and took all required tests. There was a significant increase in the average score after the intensive simulating training program(pre-training 13.84 vs. 15.57 post-training, P<0.001). Compared with the pre-training test, 63(64.9%) students made progress. There was no significant difference in scores between the tests taken immediately after the program and 6 months later(15.57±2.22 vs. 15.38±2.37, P=0.157). Students rated a higher score in all diseases and procedural skills, and felt that their learning was fruitful.CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of a standardized intensive training program in EM focusing on key competencies can improve clinical confidence, knowledge, and skills of medical students toward the specialty. In addition, having such a program can also enhance student’s interest in EM as a career choice which may enhance recruitment into the specialty and workplace planning.

摘要： HE Yejun received the Ph.D.degree in information and communication engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST),China in 2005.From 2005 to 2006,he was a research associate with the Depart-ment of Electronic and Information Engineering,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,China.From 2006 to 2007,he was a research associate with the Department of Electronic Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,The Chi-nese University of Hong Kong,China.In 2012,he was a visiting professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Waterloo,Canada.From 2013 to 2015,he was an advanced visiting scholar(visiting professor)with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Georgia Institute of Technology,USA.Dr.HE has been a full professor with the College of Electronics and Information Engineering.

摘要： This special section is the scientific legacy of the 13th National Ocean Data Assimilation and Numerical Simulation Conference of China,which was held in Changsha,China during December 3–4,2020 with more than 160 participants from 35 units in China.It continued a series of National Ocean Data Assimilation conferences which began in 2003,which played an important role in the development of ocean data assimilation in China.In this 13th conference,there were 41 oral presentations and 15 posters,which focused on ocean data assimilation methods,ocean reanalysis data,developments and operational application of ocean data assimilation systems,assimilation of new type ocean observations,ocean targeted observation analysis,coupled data assimilation,ocean models and parameter estimation,etc.This conference was hosted by National University of Defense Technology,and cohosted by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Second Institute of Oceanography of the Ministry of Natural Resources,Ocean University of China,Tianjin University and Hohai University.

摘要： A new species,Oreocharis xieyongii T.Deng,D.G.Zhang&H.Sun,from Hunan Province,central China,is described.The combination of purple zygomorphic corolla with longer adaxial lobes and exserted stamens defines the species and discriminates it from all other current Oreocharis species.Morphological traits of the new species were compared to those of two similar species,Oreocharis xiangguiensis and 0.rubrostriata.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new species is nested within the Oreocharis.Although only half of Oreocharis species were included in our study,evolutionary character analysis indicates that the ancestral states of the genus are likely the purple corolla,longer abaxial lip and inserted stamens.The longer adaxial lip is perhaps an apomorphy and only present in O.xieyongii and O.rubrostriata.Both morphological and molecular evidence suggest that O.xieyongii is a taxon new to science.

摘要： Heilongjiang is the first province to develop modern ice and snow tourism in China.The naturally endowed resources,unique arts and gorgeous sceneries of ice and snow,all has gained the province the fame as a“Crown of ice and snow”.

摘要： Background: With the development of globalization, the rising cost of clinical trials in Europe and the United States, and the huge drug consumption market in developing countries, multinational pharmaceutical giants have set their sights on emerging developing countries. As a leader in developing countries, China has unparalleled advantages, so more and more clinical trials are registered and carried out in China. Objective: The objective of the study is to understand the current practice of informed consent in clinical trials in public hospitals in Xuzhou. Methods: In this study, a 15-question questionnaire was distributed to 369 subjects in the affiliated hospital of Xuzhou medical university. Each question was graded on a 3-point scale (1 = no, 2 = unsure, 3 = yes). The sum of the scores for the 15 questions represented the level of awareness of clinical trials. Results: Valid questionnaires were received from 300 subjects. A considerable number of subjects still had insufficient understanding of clinical trials, especially concerning the nature of clinical trials, understanding of informed consent forms, contact with researchers, and ethics committee. (The “yes” rate was around or below 50%). Factors associated with responses to the survey include education, occupation, and source of medical expenses. Conclusion: Overall, this study showed that the implementation of informed consent in China remained room for improvement. Legislators, ethics officers, and researchers should work together to protect the interests of subjects.

摘要： A look at the grand Palace Museum of China through foreign diplomats’photography.“The sundial was an important instrument to keep track of time in ancient China.Western clocks and watches began to enter the Chinese royal palace in the late Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),and to date,there are more than 1,000 Western timepieces collected at the Palace Museum of China.”“The past and the present,East and West…all intertwined to bear witness of time.”

摘要： science-loving, innovative, and committed,Gen Z entrepreneurs are on the rise.WHEN the Long March-5 rocket and Chang’e-5 lunar probeowere transported to the launch pad in Wenchang,south China’s Hainan Province, a lady dressing up as Chang’e, or Chinese moon goddess,captured the attention of many who rushed to take selfies with her.is lady, born in the mid-90sfrom Puyang in Henan Province, is a frontline tech researcher working at Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.She is one of the science-loving and innovative Generation Z group, or Gen Z, in China.

摘要： Natural gas hydrates(NGHs)are globally recognized as an important type of strategic alternative energy due to their high combustion efficiency,cleanness,and large amounts of resources.The NGHs reservoirs in the South China Sea(SCS)mainly consist of clayey silts.NGHs reservoirs of this type boast the largest distribution range and the highest percentage of resources among NGHs reservoirs in the world.However,they are more difficult to exploit than sandy reservoirs.The China Geological Survey successfully carried out two NGHs production tests in the Shenhu Area in the northern SCS in 2017 and 2020,setting multiple world records,such as the longest gas production time,the highest total gas production,and the highest average daily gas production,as well as achieving a series of innovative theoretical results.As suggested by the in-depth research on the two production tests,key factors that restrict the gas production efficiency of hydrate dissociation include reservoir structure characterization,hydrate phase transition,multiphase seepage and permeability enhancement,and the simulation and regulation of production capacity,among which the hydrate phase transition and seepage mechanism are crucial.Study results reveal that the hydrate phase transition in the SCS is characterized by low dissociation temperature,is prone to produce secondary hydrates in the reservoirs,and is a complex process under the combined effects of the seepage,stress,temperature,and chemical fields.The multiphase seepage is controlled by multiple factors such as the physical properties of unconsolidated reservoirs,the hydrate phase transition,and exploitation methods and is characterized by strong methane adsorption,abrupt changes in absolute permeability,and the weak flow capacity of gas.To ensure the long-term,stable,and efficient NGHs exploitation in the SCS,it is necessary to further enhance the reservoir seepage capacity and increase gas production through secondary reservoir stimulation based on initial reservoir stimulation.With the constant progress in the NGHs industrialization,great efforts should be made to tackle the difficulties,such as determining the micro-change in temperature and pressure,the response mechanisms of material-energy exchange,the methods for efficient NGHs dissociation,and the boundary conditions for the formation of secondary hydrates in the large-scale,long-term gas production.

摘要： Cultivating professional knowledge and developing specific inclusive training has always been important for educators in China.Within the context of special art education in China,art educators are supposed to adjust the instruction effectively for students with a variety of disabilities.This qualitative study sought to gain insight of the strategies of modifying and adapting art instruction for children with autism.Data were collected and analyzed by comparative method through interviews with three art educators.During the interview,three participants addressed strategies they use when working with autistic students in art classroom and proved the ways to modify and adapt art instruction to enhance autistic children’s pedagogical skills.Art teachers can also identify students’preferred art materials to engage autistic students in learning art.Beyond helping my educational practice,this study could further serve as an impetus to assist other educators in China thus expand teachers’professional knowledge in teaching children with special needs.

摘要： Within the context of Chinese and Ethiopian educational cooperation, this paper gives a detailedintroduction of current student management practices both in China and Ethiopia, and then makes initial andbrief comparisons for purpose of enabling college administrators from both countries to learn from each otherand ultimately to train and educate students to become well developed.

摘要： Within the context of Chinese and Ethiopian educational cooperation, this paper gives a detailedintroduction of current student management practices both in China and Ethiopia, and then makes initial andbrief comparisons for purpose of enabling college administrators from both countries to learn from each otherand ultimately to train and educate students to become well developed.

摘要： Within the context of Chinese and Ethiopian educational cooperation, this paper gives a detailedintroduction of current student management practices both in China and Ethiopia, and then makes initial andbrief comparisons for purpose of enabling college administrators from both countries to learn from each otherand ultimately to train and educate students to become well developed.

摘要： Within the context of Chinese and Ethiopian educational cooperation, this paper gives a detailedintroduction of current student management practices both in China and Ethiopia, and then makes initial andbrief comparisons for purpose of enabling college administrators from both countries to learn from each otherand ultimately to train and educate students to become well developed.

摘要： Within the context of Chinese and Ethiopian educational cooperation, this paper gives a detailedintroduction of current student management practices both in China and Ethiopia, and then makes initial andbrief comparisons for purpose of enabling college administrators from both countries to learn from each otherand ultimately to train and educate students to become well developed.

摘要： 英文科技期刊在中国蓬勃发展，进入国际重要索引系统，尤其是SCI，成为当前中国科技期刊发展的最重要的目标之一.影响英文科技期刊的发展因素有很多，诸如学术质量、编辑质量，出版周期、编委会、是否实现网上出版，等等。而英文科技期刊刊名中含China、Chinese对期刊发展的利与弊，尚有待商榷。通过对国际和国内影响因子领先的前十期刊刊名的对比分析，找出这些刊物的共性之一，即它们的刊名主要由专业术语辅以普通英文名词构成，多数不带有国家或地方名称。由此得出结论，英文科技期刊刊名中带China或Chinese，对期刊影响力有负面影响，不利于期刊快速取得高影响因子。

摘要： 英文科技期刊在中国蓬勃发展，进入国际重要索引系统，尤其是SCI，成为当前中国科技期刊发展的最重要的目标之一.影响英文科技期刊的发展因素有很多，诸如学术质量、编辑质量，出版周期、编委会、是否实现网上出版，等等。而英文科技期刊刊名中含China、Chinese对期刊发展的利与弊，尚有待商榷。通过对国际和国内影响因子领先的前十期刊刊名的对比分析，找出这些刊物的共性之一，即它们的刊名主要由专业术语辅以普通英文名词构成，多数不带有国家或地方名称。由此得出结论，英文科技期刊刊名中带China或Chinese，对期刊影响力有负面影响，不利于期刊快速取得高影响因子。

摘要： 英文科技期刊在中国蓬勃发展，进入国际重要索引系统，尤其是SCI，成为当前中国科技期刊发展的最重要的目标之一.影响英文科技期刊的发展因素有很多，诸如学术质量、编辑质量，出版周期、编委会、是否实现网上出版，等等。而英文科技期刊刊名中含China、Chinese对期刊发展的利与弊，尚有待商榷。通过对国际和国内影响因子领先的前十期刊刊名的对比分析，找出这些刊物的共性之一，即它们的刊名主要由专业术语辅以普通英文名词构成，多数不带有国家或地方名称。由此得出结论，英文科技期刊刊名中带China或Chinese，对期刊影响力有负面影响，不利于期刊快速取得高影响因子。

摘要： 英文科技期刊在中国蓬勃发展，进入国际重要索引系统，尤其是SCI，成为当前中国科技期刊发展的最重要的目标之一.影响英文科技期刊的发展因素有很多，诸如学术质量、编辑质量，出版周期、编委会、是否实现网上出版，等等。而英文科技期刊刊名中含China、Chinese对期刊发展的利与弊，尚有待商榷。通过对国际和国内影响因子领先的前十期刊刊名的对比分析，找出这些刊物的共性之一，即它们的刊名主要由专业术语辅以普通英文名词构成，多数不带有国家或地方名称。由此得出结论，英文科技期刊刊名中带China或Chinese，对期刊影响力有负面影响，不利于期刊快速取得高影响因子。

摘要： 英文科技期刊在中国蓬勃发展，进入国际重要索引系统，尤其是SCI，成为当前中国科技期刊发展的最重要的目标之一.影响英文科技期刊的发展因素有很多，诸如学术质量、编辑质量，出版周期、编委会、是否实现网上出版，等等。而英文科技期刊刊名中含China、Chinese对期刊发展的利与弊，尚有待商榷。通过对国际和国内影响因子领先的前十期刊刊名的对比分析，找出这些刊物的共性之一，即它们的刊名主要由专业术语辅以普通英文名词构成，多数不带有国家或地方名称。由此得出结论，英文科技期刊刊名中带China或Chinese，对期刊影响力有负面影响，不利于期刊快速取得高影响因子。