摘要：
为了解不同季节不同鱼类不同组织中的不同脂肪酸含量,科学地指导鱼类膳食消费,本实验研究了冬夏两季,采集自上海市场常见的5种经济鱼类:大黄鱼(海洋肉食性),银鲳(海洋杂食性),日本鳗鲡(淡水肉食性),莫桑比克罗非鱼(淡水杂食性),草鱼(淡水草食性),分别检测鱼背部肌肉、腹部肌肉、尾部肌肉、肝脏和腹腔脂肪组织的脂肪含量和脂肪酸绝对含量.结果显示,5种鱼肌肉脂肪酸谱存在显著差异,并与各自的生活环境及食性均有关系;在鱼的腹腔脂肪或肝脏中,饱和脂肪酸(SFAs)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)含量较高,且与组织脂肪含量密切相关;而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)、n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)和n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 PUFAs)含量较低,且与组织脂肪含量关系不大;大黄鱼和银鲳各肌肉组织中的n-3 PUFAs、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量以及n-3-6值高于莫桑比克罗非鱼和草鱼,并与组织脂肪含量呈正相关;冬季草鱼腹部肌肉、莫桑比克罗非鱼尾部肌肉以及日本鳗鲡和银鲳的肝脏中的n-3 PUFAs含量较夏季高.研究表明,脂肪酸组成与物种、食性、水域环境以及季节温度和组织部位均有关系.从补充n-3 PUFAs摄入的角度分析,日本鳗鲡、大黄鱼和银鲳营养价值高于莫桑比克罗非鱼和草鱼,冬季鱼类的营养价值高于夏季.%In order to better guide consumers in choosing fish, the fatty acids profiles in the muscles, liver and ab-dominal adipose of five economic fish species on the markets of Shanghai in winter and summer were examined. The five fish species studied included carnivorous marine fish (Larimichthys crocea), omnivorous marine fish (Pampus argenteus), carnivorous freshwater fish (Anguilla japonica), omnivorous freshwater fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), and herbivorous freshwater fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The results indicated that fatty acid profile was different among these five fish species, and it was related with the living environment and feeding habit. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) tended to accumulated in abdominal adipose and liver, where fat content was high. However, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs were not correlated with tissue fat content. The SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, EPA and DHA content, as well as n-3-6 ratio were higher in carnivorous fish (A. japonica, L. crocea, P. argenteus) than those in omnivorous fish (O. mossambicus) and herbivorous fish (C. idella). The n-3 PUFAs, EPA and DHA content in the muscle of mar-ine fish (L. crocea and P. argenteus) were higher than that of freshwater fish (O. mossambicus and C. idella). In winter, the n-3 PUFAs content in abdominal muscle of C. idella and tail muscle of O. mossambicus were higher than that in summer, as well as that in the liver of A. japonica and P. argenteus. In summary, fatty acids profiles were correlated with the species, feeding habit, living environment, type of tissues and the season. The fillets of L. crocea, P. argenteus and A. japonica have high nutritional value because of its high n-3 PUFAs content. In gener-al, fish in winter contained higher n-3 PUFAs than summer fish, thus the nutritional value of winter fish is higher than that of summer fish.
