摘要：
The cropland loss has an important impact on food security,social stability and economic development.The ecological environment in mining area is fragile,and grasping the spatial and temporal characteristics of cropland loss can provide a reference for guiding the agricultural development and restoring the ecological environment.Four phases (1986,1994,2006 and 2015)of TM and OLI images as main data sources are used to analyze,the spatial and temporal characteristics of cropland loss by using the change rate of individual land type area,importance index and landscape index.The following results are obtained.During the period of 1986―1994,the cultivated land was reduced by 2%,and the cultivated land to the construction land was widely distributed.During the period of 1994―2006,the cultivated land was reduced by 6.9%,and the cultivated land to industrial and mining land was the dominant type of spatial change.During the period of 2006―2015,the cultivated land was reduced by 1 3.7%.The spatial distribution of cultivated land to grassland was wider,but the cultivated land to industrial and mining land was the dominant type of spatial change.The landscape pattern of cultivated land has remarkable interannual variability,and the degree of landscape fragmentation is increasing,and landscape shapes become more and more complex.The policy of grain for green,the construction of urban and rural areas and the exploitation of coal are the main influencing factors of cropland loss.This research is significant for the protection and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in Xuangang mining area.%耕地流失对粮食安全、社会安定和经济发展具有重要影响.矿区生态环境脆弱,掌握矿区耕地流失时空特征,可为指导矿区农业发展、恢复生态环境提供参考.本文基于山西轩岗矿区 4 期 Landsat TM/OLI 遥感影像,采用变化率指数、重要度指数和景观指数等对矿区近30 a耕地流失时空特征进行定量分析.结果表明:在1986—1994 年耕地减少2%,耕地向建设用地的转变空间分布较广,且为空间变化的主导类型;在 1994—2006 年耕地减少 6.9%,耕地向工矿用地的转变空间分布较广,且为空间变化的主导类型;在 2006—2015 年耕地减少 13.7%,耕地向草地的转变空间分布较广,而耕地向工矿用地的转变是空间变化的主导类型,耕地景观格局有显著的年际变异性,景观破碎化程度不断加剧,景观形状越来越复杂.退耕还草政策的实施、城乡建设和煤炭开采共同影响耕地流失的时空分布.研究结果对于山西轩岗矿区土地资源优化配置、耕地资源保护与可持续利用具有重要意义.
