籼粳杂交

摘要： 亚洲栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)分为籼、粳2个亚种,随着杂交水稻的发展、种间杂种优势的利用,籼粳之间的界限变得越来越模糊.本研究利用3000份水稻种质资源信息,通过计算约2000万个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点的SNP-index值,进行籼粳特异SNP位点筛选,最终得到4084个籼粳特异SNP位点(4k-SNP);同时确定以籼粳指数作为水稻品种籼粳鉴定的指标.研究进一步采用大规模简单随机取样等统计分析方法对籼粳特异位点进行数据降维处理,将4k-SNP精简至40个SNP位点(40-SNP),用于水稻籼粳鉴定.为了验证40-SNP的籼粳鉴定效果,本研究一方面利用水稻生产上推广的82份选育品种,对40-SNP籼粳鉴定结果与4k-SNP鉴定结果进行比较,结果发现40-SNP与4k-SNP得出的粳型指数非常接近,相关系数为0.99;另一方面利用全球6类型(indica、aus、rayada、aromatic、tropical japonica、temperate japonica)水稻品种共49份材料,对40-SNP籼粳鉴定结果与4k-SNP及程氏指数法籼粳鉴定结果进行比较,发现40-SNP与4k-SNP及程氏指数法籼粳鉴定结果的相关系数分别在0.98和0.86以上.这些结果证实了40-SNP对水稻品种籼粳鉴定的有效性及准确性.另外发现40-SNP对水稻6种亚群类型也有很好鉴别效果,其中indica的粳型指数0.90,temperate japonica粳型指数最高,基本为1.00.本研究为研究水稻籼粳分化、杂种优势利用以及水稻种子管理条例制定等方面提供了数据支撑及理论基础.

摘要： 进一步加快绿色优质新品种推广应用,助推农业供给侧结构性改革,引导和优化品种布局,充分发挥良种对农业生产的关键作用,指导农民科学选种,来保障农业生产安全。

摘要： 嘉优中科13-1是典型的粳不籼恢型三系籼粳杂交稻新组合,母本为BT型中粳三系不育系嘉81A,父本为籼型恢复系中科嘉恢131.通过近2年在浙江、江西、福建、海南等地的制种探索,总结了嘉优中科13-1制种技术.

摘要： 嘉优中科1号是典型的粳不籼恢型三系籼粳杂交稻新组合,2016年通过上海农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:沪审稻2016004.母本为柱头外露的BT型粳稻不育系嘉66A,父本为具有广亲和基因的籼稻恢复系中科嘉恢1号,具有超高产、品质优、早熟矮秆等多种优良特性.为加快该品种的大面积推广应用,介绍了嘉优中科1号的父母本特性及高产制种技术要点.

摘要： 引进籼粳杂交稻甬优538在古丈县进行试验示范,对产量、生育期和农艺性状等进行了分析.结果表明,甬优538表现高产稳产、优质、壮秆、大穗、耐寒、抗倒,可在古丈县作种植推广,可作单季种植;总结了甬优538在古丈县的种植表现和高产栽培技术.

摘要： The subspecific differentiation on 9 lines derived from crossing Indica/Japonica rice was conducted by using morphological indices and molecular markers.Two indicaclinous types of rice were obtained.The association between the genes and the yield-related characteristics of the cultivars was analyzed with an additive-dominant genetic model.It was found that the grains and filled grains per panicle of the rice were controlled mainly by an additive effect,whereas,the sowing date,length of main panicle,panicles per plant and seed setting rate were dictated by a dominant effect.%通过形态指数法和分子标记法对9个籼粳交衍生系进行籼粳属性鉴定,结果表明:获得了2个偏籼类型材料.采用等位基因的加性-显性遗传模型分析偏籼型水稻的产量相关性状的遗传效应,结果表明,每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数主要受到基因加性效应的影响;播始历期、主穗长、单株有效穗数和结实率主要受到基因显性效应的影响.

摘要： [Objective] The study was used to analyze on correlation between heterosis and genetic distance based on Simple Sequence Repeat Markers.[Method] Genetic diversity among 20 derived lines of indica-japonica hybrid rice was studied using the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers,and relationship between genetic distance based on SSR markers and yield heterosis was analyzed using the materials consisted of 20 parents and 96 F1 hybrids with a 12 * 8 diallel crossing design.[Result] (i)The plant height,panicle length and 1000-grain weight showed positive heterosis with less variation range;The grain number per panicle and the seed setting rate showed positive heterosis with relatively larger variation range,and the unbalance existed in the Indica-japonica cross derived lines;The effective panicle number showed negative mid-parent heterosis.(ii) The parental of 96 F1 hybrid at the genetic distance for 0.2547-0.5660,the correlation between heterosis of F1 seed setting rate,1000-grain weight and GD has negligible effect,the correlation between heterosis of effective panicles and GD has no significant correlation;However,the correlation between heterosis of plant height,heterosis of panicle length,heterosis of total spikelets per panicle,heterosis of spikelets per panicle,yield per plant of spikelets per panicle and GD appeared to be significant at P ＜ 0.01.[Conclusion] At the parental genetic distance for certain range,heterosis and genetic distance has significant correlation.%[目的]探讨分子标记遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性.[方法]利用SSR标记分析8个水稻不育系和12个籼粳亚种间杂交衍生系的遗传多样性,按照不完全双列杂交(NCII)获得96个杂交组合,分析亲本间遗传距离与其主要产量性状杂种优势表现.[结果]①籼粳衍生系杂种后代株高、穗长和千粒重表现为正向优势,变异幅度较小;每穗实粒数和结实率虽表现相对不平衡,但均为较强正向优势;有效穗数表现较弱,为负向中亲优势.②籼粳衍生系杂种F1在SSR标记遗传距离0.2547～0.5660,穗长、株高、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、单株产量超亲优势与遗传距离极显著相关,与F1结实率、千粒重、有效穗数的杂种优势相关不显著.[结论]在一定遗传距离范围内,SSR标记亲本遗传距离与杂种优势之间有一定的相关性.

摘要： 将中粳不育系春江23A与6个籼型恢复系进行配组,对6个组合的农艺性状和稻米品质等生物学特性进行分析.结果表明,播始历期均明显短于对照两优培九,株高、穗长和有效穗数均低于对照,每穗实粒数和单株产量均高于对照.程式指数测定结果表明,6份恢复系均属于偏籼型.分子标记筛选结果表明,6份恢复系中,除Hm9175外,均含有广亲和基因.稻米品质测定结果表明,春江23A/Hm9169和春江23A/Hm9179具有较好的外观品质,直链淀粉含量均与对照相当,无显著差异.通过粳型不育系与含广亲和基因的偏籼型恢复系配组,发挥其亚种间强杂种优势,可以显著增产,但稻米品质有待进一步改良.%With utilization of the subspecies heterosis, the mid-japonica CMS line Chunjiang23A were crossed with six newly developed indica restorers and the biological characteristics such as agronomic traits and grain quality of the six combinations were investigated.The results showed that the duration from sowing to heading of the six hybrid combinations were significantly shorter than the control (CK) Liangyoupeijiu, and the plant height, the panicle length and the panicle number per plant were lower or less than CK, whereas the grain number per panicle and yield per plant were higher than CK.Identification of Cheng's indexes indicated that the six restorers belonged to the indicalinous.The results of molecular marker screening showed that five restorer lines had S5-n gene except the line Hm9175.The investigation of the grain quality showed that the combinations of Chunjiang23A/Hm9169 and Chunjiang23A/Hm9179 had better appearance qualities compared with the CK, and the amylose content of all the combinations showed no significant differences compared with the CK.The combinations developed from japonica cytoplasmic male sterility line and the indica-japonica intermediate type restorer lines showed strong hybrid subspecies heterosis and the grain yield increased obviously.However, the grain quality of the indica-japonica rice was still to be upgraded and improved.

摘要： 迟熟中粳品种武育粳3号由江苏(武进)水稻研究所育成,其食味品质优良,已在生产上应用20多年.该品种由于不抗条纹叶枯病以及产量潜力不如新育成的品种,进一步推广应用受到限制.此前,扬州大学利用分子标记辅助选择技术成功改良了武育粳3号的条纹叶枯病抗性,育成抗条武育粳3号.在此基础上,2009年开始以优质籼稻品种黄华占为非轮回亲本与抗条武育粳3号杂交和回交,以期通过籼粳杂交改良武育粳3号的丰产性,选育新品种.2013年对以上籼粳杂交、回交后代在扬州和武进两地进行系统鉴定.

摘要： 在水稻(Oryza sativa L.)两系核不育研究过程中,用S1325(母本,籼粳杂交偏籼材料)与9663-1(父本,粳型材料)杂交,在其杂交后代F4中出现不育株,不育株花粉镜检为典败、套袋自交结实率为0,与同株系可育株杂交,其F1可育株与不育株出现1:1分离,与三系保持系杂交,其F1结实正常,结实性表现完全恢复,不育株再生苗经21°C冷水处理,其花粉育性恢复正常并可正常结实,由此确定该不育株为两系不育株;又对双亲及其后代不育株进行6K水稻全基因组芯片分析,排除不育株是来自外来花粉串粉的可能性,由此推测籼粳杂交后代可以产生新的两系核不育株.这是关于籼粳杂交可以创造新两系不育系的首次报道.%We crossed indica-clinous S1325 as female parent with japonica rice 9663-1. At F4 generation, many sterile plants were found,whose pollens were abortive,and seed setting rates were close to 0. When three sterile plants crossed with three fertile plants,the ratio of fertile plant with sterile plant is 1:1 at F1 generation. When crossed with maintainer of three lines hybrid rice,the sterility of F1 generation was normal. When treated under the condition of 21°C cold water,the sterility of regenerated young plants returned to normal. Thus,it was confirmed that these sterile plants were photo-thermo sensitive sterile lines. Rice genome 6K-microarray analysis was carried out on both parents and their generations and eliminated the possibility of foreign pollination. So a conclusion could be inferred that indica-japonica hybriding could produce new photo-thermo sensitive sterile lines. This is the first report about obtaining photo-thermo sensitive sterile lines by indica-japonica hy-briding.

摘要： 本申请涉及到杂交水稻育种领域，尤其涉及一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法及不育系和籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法。本申请的第一个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，该方法获得产量高、叶色淡绿、后期转色好的三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻新品种。本申请的第二个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系不育系的选育方法，该方法选育出不育特性稳定、开花习性好、异交结实率高、株叶形态优良的淡绿叶三系不育系。本申请的第三个目的是提供一种淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法，该方法选育出株叶形态好、农艺性状优良、恢复性好的淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系。

摘要： 本发明提供了籼粳杂种育性位点籼粳片段置换的分子标记方法，属于分子遗传学领域。本发明开发设计分子标记引物RMz5，RMz7，RMz8和RMz9分别能够在S5，S7，S8和S9这4个籼粳交不育位点扩增出差异片段。通过育性基因位点的分子标记实现了籼粳片段的置换，可准确而快速地导入所需要的片段，大大提高籼粳育性位点片段置换的选择效率，并育成粳型亲籼性光温敏不育系509S。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种短生育期粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，该方法包括：利用短生育期粳稻材料春江32与感光型晚粳保持系杂交，并经多代自交，选育得到综合农艺性状优良、全生育期与春江32相仿的短生育期粳稻保持系材料春江27B。以感光型晚粳不育系为母本、春江27B为父本杂交得到F

摘要： 本发明公开了一种用于粳不籼恢杂交水稻制种的母本花时调节剂及调节花时的方法，该花时调节剂以水为溶剂，包括：茉莉酸甲酯40～50mg·L‑1，氨基酸200～500mg·L‑1，含钾、硼的营养元素600～2300mg·L‑1。本发明将植物激素、氨基酸和营养元素进行复配，获得的花时调节剂与相同剂量的植物激素相比，显著提早了“粳不‑籼恢”类型杂交稻制种母本的花时，对父母本花时相遇程度及结实率均有显著的促进作用。

摘要： 本申请涉及一种籼粳亚种间超级杂交水稻的育种方法，涉及水稻育种的领域，其包括以下步骤：S1、母本构建：选择高配合力的粳型恢复系与籼型两系不育系杂交，得母本籼型不育系香86S；S2、父本构建：选择高配合力籼型不育系与粳型恢复系杂交，得父本粳型恢复系7041F11；S3、杂交育种：将粳型恢复系7041F11作为父本，籼型不育系香86S作为母本，杂交培育得到新品种香86S/7041。本申请具有提高籼粳杂种一代的结实率的效果。

摘要： 本申请涉及到杂交水稻育种领域，尤其涉及一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法及不育系和籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法。本申请的第一个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，该方法获得产量高、叶色淡绿、后期转色好的三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻新品种。本申请的第二个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系不育系的选育方法，该方法选育出不育特性稳定、开花习性好、异交结实率高、株叶形态优良的淡绿叶三系不育系。本申请的第三个目的是提供一种淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法，该方法选育出株叶形态好、农艺性状优良、恢复性好的淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系。

摘要： 本发明提供了籼粳杂种育性位点籼粳片段置换的分子标记方法，属于分子遗传学领域。本发明开发设计分子标记引物RMz5，RMz7，RMz8和RMz9分别能够在S5，S7，S8和S9这4个籼粳交不育位点扩增出差异片段。通过育性基因位点的分子标记实现了籼粳片段的置换，可准确而快速地导入所需要的片段，大大提高籼粳育性位点片段置换的选择效率，并育成粳型亲籼性光温敏不育系509S。

摘要： 本发明属于植物品种选育技术领域，提供了一种内颖退化粳型不育系的培育及在籼粳杂交稻的应用方法，利用自然突变的隐性单基因控制的内颖退化特性，将定向转移到粳型不育系，使得不育系呈开放式接受籼型恢复系花粉，可显著提高粳型不育系的繁种、制种产量。同时用粳型内颖退化不育系与偏型籼恢复系配制的亚种间杂交稻籽粒充实度好和食味好。

摘要： 本发明涉及籼粳杂交水稻的分子标记、引物组及应用。该分子标记包括如SEQ ID NO.1‑4所示的DNA分子，对应分子标记的引物为如SEQID NO.5‑12所示的DNA分子。可以利用这些引物组对其对应的分子标记进行PCR扩增，根据扩增产物准确鉴定籼粳杂交水稻的种子纯度，与田间鉴定结果相符度接近100％，结果可靠；操作简单，成本低，相较于田间种植鉴定大大节约人力物力；还能在制种当年确定种子纯度，保障商业化制种的安全性。

摘要： 本发明属于植物品种选育技术领域，提供了一种内颖退化粳型不育系的培育及在籼粳杂交稻的应用方法，利用自然突变的隐性单基因控制的内颖退化特性，将定向转移到粳型不育系，使得不育系呈开放式接受籼型恢复系花粉，可显著提高粳型不育系的繁种、制种产量。同时用粳型内颖退化不育系与偏型籼恢复系配制的亚种间杂交稻籽粒充实度好和食味好。