神经损伤与修复动物模型

摘要： 背景:研究表明,天麻素在体外可以抑制无血清损伤后星形胶质细胞活化,改善脊髓损伤微环境,减轻继发损伤.目的:观察天麻素对钳夹型大鼠脊髓损伤模型神经功能恢复、胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响.方法:48只成年SD大鼠随机分为3组,脊髓损伤组建立钳夹型大鼠脊髓损伤模型;假手术组仅切除椎板;天麻素组造模后给予天麻素100 mg/(kg?d)治疗;假手术组和脊髓损伤组给予等量生理盐水.术后分别于1, 3,7,14,21,28 d采用BBB运动功能评分和Rivlin斜板实验评估脊髓功能恢复情况,术后28 d进行灌注、取材,观察损伤节段脊髓形态变化、免疫荧光观察胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达变化、尼氏染色观察尼氏小体变化情况.结果与结论:①造模后各组大鼠BBB评分和Rivlin斜板实验评分均下降,随着时间推移各组评分逐渐升高,假手术组评分于各时相点均高于其余各组(P < 0.05),天麻素组在术后3 d及其后各时相点评分均明显均高于脊髓损伤组(P < 0.05);②术后28 d,天麻素组和脊髓损伤组胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达较假手术组均明显增加(P < 0.05),天麻素组胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达较脊髓损伤组明显降低(P < 0.05);③天麻素组和脊髓损伤组Nissl小体计数均较假手术组少(P < 0.05),染色较浅,部分Nissl小体溶解,天麻素组Nissl小体计数较脊髓损伤组明显增多(P < 0.05);④假手术组脊髓组织结构完整,脊髓损伤组脊髓结构形态紊乱,脊髓空洞形成,灰白质界限不清,天麻素组脊髓空洞较小,灰白质界限尚清晰;⑤结果表明,天麻素可以在脊髓损伤后抑制星形胶质细胞活化增生和保护神经元,改善肢体运动功能.%BACKGROUND:Gastrodin has been shown to inhibit the in vivo astrocyte activation after injury,improve the microenvironment of spinal cord injury (SCI), and reduce secondary injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of gastrodine on the neural functional recovery and glial fibrillary acidic protein in a rat model of clamping-induced SCI. METHODS: Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and the models of clamping-induced SCI were established. The rats in sham group were only subjected to laminectomy; gastrodine group was given 100 mg/kg?d gastrodine; the sham and SCI groups were given equal volume of normal saline. The function recovery of spinal cord was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scores, and Rivlin inclined plane experiment at postoperative 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The morphological changes of spinal cord were observed after perfusion at 28 days, expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and changes of Nissl body were observed through Nissl staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BBB and Rivlin inclined plane scores in each group were significantly decreased postoperatively, and the scores then increased with time; the scores at each time point in the sham group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P <0.05); the scores in the gastrodine group were significantly higher than those in the SCI group from day 3 (P < 0.05). At postoperative 28 days, the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was the lowest in the sham group, followed by gastrodine group, and the highest in the SCI group (P < 0.05). In the gastrodine and SCI groups, Nissl bodies were slightly stained partially dissolved, and the account of Nissl bodies in this two groups was less than that in the sham group (P < 0.05), but the gastrodine group had significantly more Nissl bodies than the SCI group (P < 0.05). The spinal cord in the sham group revealed the complete structure; in the SCI group, the structure of spinal cord was in disorder, syringomyelia formatted, and the gray-white matter boundary was obscure; gastrodine group showed smaller syringomyelia and gray-white matter boundary were clear. These results show that gastrodin can inhibit the proliferation of astrocytes after SCI, play neuroprotection, and improve motor function.

摘要： 背景：研究表明，天麻素在体外可以抑制无血清损伤后星形胶质细胞活化，改善脊髓损伤微环境，减轻继发损伤。目的：观察天麻素对钳夹型大鼠脊髓损伤模型神经功能恢复、胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响。方法：48只成年SD大鼠随机分为3组，脊髓损伤组建立钳夹型大鼠脊髓损伤模型；假手术组仅切除椎板；天麻素组造模后给予天麻素100 mg/(kg.d)治疗；假手术组和脊髓损伤组给予等量生理盐水。术后分别于1，3，7，14，21，28 d采用BBB运动功能评分和Rivlin斜板实验评估脊髓功能恢复情况，术后28 d进行灌注、取材，观察损伤节段脊髓形态变化、免疫荧光观察胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达变化、尼氏染色观察尼氏小体变化情况。结果与结论：①造模后各组大鼠BBB评分和Rivlin斜板实验评分均下降，随着时间推移各组评分逐渐升高，假手术组评分于各时相点均高于其余各组(P<0.05)，天麻素组在术后3 d及其后各时相点评分均明显均高于脊髓损伤组(P<0.05)；②术后28 d，天麻素组和脊髓损伤组胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达较假手术组均明显增加(P<0.05)，天麻素组胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达较脊髓损伤组明显降低(P<0.05)；③天麻素组和脊髓损伤组Nissl小体计数均较假手术组少(P<0.05)，染色较浅，部分Nissl小体溶解，天麻素组Nissl小体计数较脊髓损伤组明显增多(P<0.05)；④假手术组脊髓组织结构完整，脊髓损伤组脊髓结构形态紊乱，脊髓空洞形成，灰白质界限不清，天麻素组脊髓空洞较小，灰白质界限尚清晰；⑤结果表明，天麻素可以在脊髓损伤后抑制星形胶质细胞活化增生和保护神经元，改善肢体运动功能。

摘要： 背景：高能震动易于损伤机体非空腔器官且损伤效应显著，但目前针对高能震动致伤过程的研究较少。目的：了解高能震动致伤后动物机体生理生化及病理改变。方法：将32只中华田园犬随机分为4组，轻度震伤组、中度震伤组及重度震伤组分别实施700，1000，2100 m/s2的冲击震动，对照组为正常对照。于震后14 d 内检测血清血清 K＋、Ca2＋、Zn2＋、S100β、神经元特异性烯醇化酶浓度，并进行脊髓及颅脑组织免疫组织化学染色观察。结果与结论：震伤3组血清 K＋、Ca2＋、Zn2＋浓度呈现规律性变化，震后即时无明显变化，K＋浓度于震后0.5 d 降到最低，Ca2＋浓度至震后1 d 降到最低，Zn2＋浓度于震后0.5 d 或1d 降到最低，此后均逐渐增加，至14 d 时恢复正常水平；震伤3组血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶、S100β均于震后0.5 d 开始增加，于震后1 d 达到最高值，此后均逐渐降低，至14 d 时恢复至正常或偏高水平。震伤3组脊髓及颅脑均出现接触部位及对冲部位的出血点，震后即时处死时出血程度较14 d 时明显，脊髓及颅脑损伤部位 S100β、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶增多。

摘要： BACKGROUND: The formation of long-term memory includes acquisition, consolidation and reconsolidation. Reconsolidation is very important for the new memory transforming into stable memory. Stress is an important environmental factor in the process of learning and memory. Corticosterone is very important for stress response. At present, research about the impact of corticosterone on reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory is less. Thus, it is very important to test the impact of corticosterone on reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory in rats. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of corticosterone on the reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory in rats. METHODS: (1) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone (0.1, 1 and 3 mg/kg) immediately after reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects. (2) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone (3 mg/kg) 6 hours after reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects. (3) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone 3 mg/kg without reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immediate injection of corticosterone 3 mg/kg after reactivation significantly decreased the discrimination index. At 6 hours after reactivation or without reactivation, corticosterone administration did not impact the discrimination index. These results confirmed that corticosterone administration immediately after reactivation impairs the reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory. The damage effect depends on the reactivation experience and the specific time window after reactivation.%背景：长时程记忆形成通常包括获得、巩固、再巩固等多个环节，再巩固过程对于新获得的记忆转为稳定记忆十分重要。在学习记忆过程中，应激是一种重要的环境因素；而在应激过程中，皮质酮是发挥重要作用的一种激素。目前，关于皮质酮对新颖物体识别记忆再巩固的影响未见相关研究报道。因此检测皮质酮对大鼠新颖物体识别记忆再巩固过程的影响具有十分重要的意义。　　目的：分析皮质酮对大鼠新颖物体识别记忆再巩固的影响。　　方法：①大鼠在再激活后立即腹腔注射皮质酮(0.1，1及3 mg/kg)，以大鼠在测试阶段对新旧物体探究时间的辨别指数作为记忆评价指标；②再激活后6 h 腹腔注射皮质酮(3 mg/kg)，以大鼠在测试阶段对新旧物体探究时间的辨别指数作为记忆评价指标；③无再激活经历时腹腔注射皮质酮(3 mg/kg)，以大鼠在测试阶段对新旧物体探究时间的辨别指数作为记忆评价指标。　　结果与结论：再激活后立即注射皮质酮(3 mg/kg)显著性降低大鼠辨别指数，再激活后6 h 或无再激活经历时注射皮质酮对大鼠辨别指数无影响。提示再激活后立即注射皮质酮损害大鼠新颖物体识别记忆再巩固，该损害效应依赖于再激活经历及再激活后特定时间窗。

摘要： 背景：高能震动易于损伤机体非空腔器官且损伤效应显著，但目前针对高能震动致伤过程的研究较少。目的：了解高能震动致伤后动物机体生理生化及病理改变。　　方法：将32只中华田园犬随机分为4组，轻度震伤组、中度震伤组及重度震伤组分别实施700，1000，2100 m/s²的冲击震动，对照组为正常对照。于震后14 d 内检测血清血清 K+、Ca2+、Zn2+、S100β、神经元特异性烯醇化酶浓度，并进行脊髓及颅脑组织免疫组织化学染色观察。　　结果与结论：震伤3组血清 K+、Ca2+、Zn2+浓度呈现规律性变化，震后即时无明显变化，K+浓度于震后0.5 d 降到最低，Ca2+浓度至震后1 d 降到最低，Zn2+浓度于震后0.5 d 或1d 降到最低，此后均逐渐增加，至14 d 时恢复正常水平；震伤3组血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶、S100β均于震后0.5 d 开始增加，于震后1 d 达到最高值，此后均逐渐降低，至14 d 时恢复至正常或偏高水平。震伤3组脊髓及颅脑均出现接触部位及对冲部位的出血点，震后即时处死时出血程度较14 d 时明显，脊髓及颅脑损伤部位 S100β、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶增多。%BACKGROUND: High-energy vibration is easy to damage non-cavity organs of the body and the damage effect is remarkable, but few studies concern the process of high-energy vibration-induced injury. OBJECTIVE: To understand physiological, biochemical and pathological changes of animal bodies after high-energy vibration-induced injury. METHODS: A total of 32 dogs were randomly divided into four groups. Dogs in the mild vibration injury group, moderate vibration injury group and severe vibration injury group received 700, 1 000, and 2 100 m/s² vibration. Dogs in the control group were considered as normal controls. Within 14 days after vibration, serum K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, S100β, and neuron specific enolase concentrations were detected. Immunohistochemical staining was observed in the spinal cord and the brain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum K+, Ca2+, Zn2+concentrations showed a regular change in the three vibration injury group, and no evident change was found immediately after vibration injury. K+ concentrations reached a minimum at 0.5 day after vibration injury. Ca2+ concentrations reached a minimum at 1 day after vibration injury. Zn2+concentrations reached a minimum at 0.5 or 1 day. Above concentrations gradual y increased and became normal at 14 days. Serum neuron specific enolase and S100β expression increased at 0.5 day after vibration in the three vibration injury groups, peaked at 1 day, gradual y diminished, and recovered to a normal level or higher level at 14 days. In the three vibration groups, bleeding point of contact position and hedge position could be found in the spinal cord and brain. The degree of bleeding was more significant when kil ed instantly after vibration compared with that at 14 days. S100β, glial fibril ary acidic protein and neuron specific enolase expression increased in the spinal cord and brain.

摘要： 背景：研究发现，脊髓损伤后髓鞘相关抑制分子的产生是影响轴突再生微环境的重要原因。中医药具有多因素、多靶点的优点，正逐步成为改善神经再生微环境的研究热点。目的：探索中药脊髓康对脊髓损伤后 Nogo-66受体 NgR 表达的影响。方法：144只大鼠随机等分为6组，假手术组、模型组、强的松组、脊髓康高、中、低剂量组，每组24只。后5组以改良 Al en’s 法建立脊髓损伤动物模型。强的松组大鼠每天给予0.06 g/kg 醋酸泼尼松灌胃，1次/d。脊髓康低中高剂量组大鼠每天给予12.5，25，50 g/kg 脊髓康灌胃，1次/d。假手术组和模型组大鼠每天给予20 mL 生理盐水灌胃，1次/d。各组动物均连续给药至动物处死。结果与结论：与模型组相比，强的松组及脊髓康低中剂量组大鼠脊髓组织中 NgR 蛋白及 mRNA 表达水平均显著降低。提示脊髓康可促进大鼠脊髓损伤后神经功能的恢复，可有效抑制脊髓损伤区 NgR蛋白的表达，从而抑制不利于神经再生的因素，进一步改善神经再生的微环境。

摘要： 背景：脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的机制是多因素综合作用的结果，其尚无有效的治疗手段。　　目的：探讨脂氧素受体激动剂 BML-111对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤时炎性因子和细胞凋亡的影响。　　方法：随机数字法将72只成年健康雄性 SD 大鼠随机等分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组和 BML-111组。后2组大鼠通过夹闭腹主动脉的方法建立大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型。缺血再灌注组和 BML-111组大鼠分别于造模后30 min 给予尾静脉注射0.1 mL 生理盐水及1 mg/kg BML-111。　　结果与结论：与缺血再灌注组相比，BML-111组大鼠 BBB 评分显著提高，脊髓组织病理损伤明显减轻，脊髓组织中细胞凋亡数量、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β表达、髓过氧化物酶活性以及丙二醛浓度减少。提示脂氧素受体激动剂 BML-111可通过抑制神经细胞凋亡及炎症反应，从而减轻脊髓损伤。%BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury are the result of the combined effects of multiple factors, but there is no effective treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lipoxin receptor agonist BML-111 on inflammatory factor and apoptosis in rats with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: A total of 72 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group, ischemia-reperfusion group and BML-111 group. Rat models of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury were established by clamping the abdominal aorta in the later two groups. Rats in the ischemia-reperfusion group and BML-111 group were injected with 0.1 mL of saline and 1 mg/kg BML-111 through caudal vein at 30 minutes after model establishment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with ischemia-reperfusion group, BBB scores were significantly improved, pathological injury of spinal cord tissue significantly reduced, the number of apoptotic cel s, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β expression, myeloperoxidase oxide activity and malondialdehyde content decreased in the BML-111 group. These findings indicate that lipoxin receptor agonist BML-111 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis and inflammation so as to reduce spinal cord injury.

摘要： 背景：在进行脊髓损伤相关动物实验研究时，均将致伤方式与临床脊髓损伤的相似性作为造模方式选择的一个重要参考指标。　　目的：比较使用精密打击器、自制 Al en’s 打击器、脊髓压迫法及钳夹法进行大鼠脊髓损伤造模的异同，为脊髓损伤大鼠模型的造模方式选择提供新的依据。　　方法：检索 PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普数据库，检索时间截至2015年6月20日，纳入符合条件的文献，使用 ADDIS 软件进行分析。　　结果与结论：26项研究符合纳入标准，包含599只大鼠，对纳入研究进行分析后，各造模方式均可有效造模，最优造模方式依次为：精密打击器>钳夹法>自制 Al en’s 打击器>压迫法；最低死亡率依次为：精密打击器<自制 Al en’s 打击器<钳夹法。从对功能影响和死亡率角度来说，使用精密打击器为优造模方式，而使用自制 Al en’s 打击器为最为经济，钳夹法可在两者之前取得平衡。%BACKGROUND: Animal experimental study on spinal cord injury used injury mode and similarity of clinical spinal cord injury as an important reference index of selecting modeling approach. OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference among the use of precision impactor, homemade Al en’s impactor, spinal cord compression method and clamping method in rat models of spinal cord injury, and to provide a new basis for the selection of the modeling method of a rat model. METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were retrieved with computer from Building to June 20, 2015. Eligible literatures were included and analyzed by ADDIS software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 26 studies met inclusion criteria, containing 599 rats. After analysis of the inclusion studies, the model could be effectively made in each modeling method. The modeling method with effects from best to poor is as fol ows in order: precision impactor, clamping method, homemade Al en’s impactor and spinal cord compression method. According to the lowest mortality, there were precision impactor, homemade Al en’s impactor and clamping method. From the point of view of function and mortality, the use of precision impactor is the best. The use of homemade Al en’s impactor is the most economical. The clamp method could achieve a balance between them.

摘要： 背景：眼针疗法主要是针刺眼球周围、眼眶边缘的穴位，调整气血运行、疏经通络和调和阴阳，现已在临床广泛运用，对缺血性脑血管病等多种疾病疗效显著，但是具体作用机制尚不明确。神经营养因子是一类调控神经元存活、发展和发挥作用的蛋白家族，包括神经营养因子和脑源性神经营养因子等。目的：观察眼针对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠脑组织神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响。方法：将54只雄性 SD 大鼠随机分为3组：假手术组、模型组和眼针组，每组18只。后2组采用线栓法制备大脑中动脉闭塞模型，眼针组于缺血2 h 后进行眼针干预，于大鼠眶周2 mm 处取穴肝区、上焦区、下焦区和肾区。治疗第3，7，14天进行神经功能评分。治疗第1，2周，免疫组织化学染色检测神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子阳性表达，治疗第2周采用 TTC 染色法检测脑梗死体积。结果与结论：①眼针组治疗后第1，2周神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子阳性表达细胞明显高于模型组（P 〈0.05），与治疗后第1周相比，第2周数量下降。②治疗后第7，14天眼针组神经功能评分明显降低，与模型组比较差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05），但仍高于假手术组（P 〈0.05）；③治疗后第2周，眼针组和模型组大鼠脑梗死体积均明显大于假手术组（P 〈0.01），但眼针组脑梗死体积明显小于模型组（P 〈0.05）；④结果证实，眼针干预可能是通过增强脑缺血后神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子的表达，从而改善神经功能，缩小脑梗死体积，对缺血性脑损伤具有一定的保护作用。

摘要： BACKGROUND: Wnt signaling pathways can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cel s, and promote the repair of spinal cord injury. The electrical field stimulation can change the protein expression of Wnt signaling pathways. QBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of oscil ating electric field on motor function recovery and the expression of Wnt-3a protein in rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats models with spinal cord injury were induced by the Al en’s method. Al rats were randomly divided into oscil ating electric field stimulation group and spinal cord injury group. The stimulating electrodes were added in both groups. The oscil ating electric field stimulation group received oscil ating electric field intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 days after model establishment, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale scores and Wnt-3a expression were similar between the oscil ating electric field stimulation group and spinal cord injury group. At 7 and 14 days, significant differences in BBB scores and Wnt-3a expression were detected. These results indicate that oscil ating electric field stimulation can activate Wnt signaling protein in the early stage of spinal cord injury, which may be associated with the promoting effect of oscil ating electric field stimulation on spinal cord injury.%背景：Wnt 信号通路能够刺激神经干细胞增殖和分化，促进脊髓损伤的修复，而电场刺激就可以改变Wnt 信号通路蛋白的表达。　　目的：探讨振荡电场刺激对脊髓损伤大鼠局部 Wnt-3a 蛋白表达以及运动功能恢复的影响。　　方法：Al en’s 打击法建立36只 SD 大鼠脊髓损伤模型，随机等分为振荡电场刺激组和脊髓损伤组，两组均置入刺激电极，仅振荡电场刺激组施加振荡电场干预。　　结果与结论：振荡电场刺激组和脊髓损伤组大鼠在造模后3 d 时的 BBB 评分和脊髓中 Wnt-3a 的表达水平接近，而在造模后7 d 和14 d 时 BBB 评分和脊髓中 Wnt-3a 的表达水平差异有显著性意义，提示振荡电场刺激可以促进脊髓损伤大鼠的运动功能恢复；损伤脊髓组织中 Wnt-3a 的表达发生变化，提示振荡电场刺激促进 Wnt 信号蛋白在脊髓损伤的早期被激活，其可能与振荡电场刺激促进脊髓损伤的修复有关。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种缺血性脑损伤动物模型的抗神经损伤方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1、缺血性脑损伤动物模型的建立方法；步骤2、进行地龙素给药实验；步骤3、进行行为学测试、梗死体积的测量，观察地龙素对缺血性脑损伤小鼠缺血半影区组织与血管新生相关的VEGF、CD34表达的影响；观察地龙素对局部脑缺血损伤小鼠PI3K‑AKT信号通路的相关因子VEGF、PI3K、AKT蛋白表达的影响。本发明通过动物实验确定了地龙素对缺血性脑损伤动物的神经保护效果的最佳剂量，通过可靠的测试指标确定了地龙素可用于缺血性脑损伤的神经保护。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法及其用途，其包括：小鼠腹腔接种嵌合HIV病毒或者小鼠用异氟醚麻醉后尾静脉注射的嵌合HIV病毒，所述嵌合HIV病毒具有SEQIDNO.1所示的核苷酸序列。本发明的动物模型将极大促进HIV造成感染者神经损伤的机制研究，同时也可用于抗HIV相关神经损伤药物的药效测定和药理学研究，特别是在新药的筛选方面具有极大的应用价值。

摘要： 一种外伤性视神经损伤动物模型的构建方法，在内窥镜下通过经筛窦与蝶窦这一手术径路，在充分暴露视神经管内段及其邻近的前颅底、后组筛窦与蝶窦外侧壁，采用可控的撞击力撞击视神经管内段的不同部位，造成视神经损伤，以制作可控性的、可量化的ITON仿生态弹性损伤动物模型，体现人类ITON临床损伤状态所致视神经管内段挫伤；对动物颅内合并损伤少，成活率高；采用可量化的弹性力道撞击视神经管不同部位以达到损伤部位、损伤程度的定量和定性目的；筛窦、蝶窦这一路径已经打通，使模型制作后整个视神经，包括管内段组织取材、视神经蝶窦腔内局部给药或视神经鞘内微注射等各种后续实验干预措施的实施变得简便、易行。

摘要： 本发明公开了构建小型猪损伤止血动物模型的方法和利用该动物模型评价止血产品的方法，其中，构建小型猪损伤止血动物模型的方法包括：将小型猪禁食不禁水24h；将小型猪进行称重和麻醉处理；固定后暴露双侧腹股沟和颈部并进行备皮处理；在颈动脉处插入感应器进行生理监测；在一侧股动脉垂直腹股沟处切口，钝性分离肌间结缔组织，暴露并分离股动脉，分别在近心端和远心端使用动脉夹阻断血流；在两动脉夹之间剪断部分动脉壁，先放开远心端的动脉夹，再放开近心端的动脉夹，以便得到小型猪损伤止血动物模型。利用该小型猪损伤止血动物模型可以有效地对止血产品进行评价，进而为止血药物的筛选和评价提供可靠依据。

摘要： 本发明属于干细胞及有机化学技术领域，公开了一种促进大鼠脊髓损伤功能修复的药物及动物模型，联合不同剂量的甲基强的松龙，利用抗炎、抗凋亡的神经保护作用以及术后不同时间移植羊膜源神经干细胞，观察二者联合能否促进实验大鼠脊髓损伤后的轴突再生和功能恢复，为SCI修复探索新的治疗策略，具有重大的理论意义及广阔的临床应用前景。本发明结合细胞移植；联合甲基强的松龙的神经保护作用和HAM‑NSCs的神经修复作用，探索SCI治疗的新策略；对探讨神经损伤修复机制提供理论基础，为临床治疗脊髓损伤修复提供可行性方案；对有效降低SCI致残率，提高脊髓损伤患者生活质量，具有广阔的临床应用价值。

摘要： 本发明属于动物模型构建领域，具体公开了一种肌肉组织损伤修复动物模型的建立方法，包括以下步骤：首先将模型动物麻醉后，以俯卧位固定，并对麻醉后实验鼠的后肢进行消毒；然后通过手术依次切开消毒后后肢的皮肤、皮下组织，显露腓肠肌并分离腓肠肌下段；最后使用电极夹持显露的一侧腓肠肌，并对该腓肠肌施加脉冲电场，即建立得肌肉组织损伤修复动物模型。本发明应用不可逆电穿孔建立肌肉组织损伤修复动物模型，能够提供简单易行、费用低、造模时间短、模型稳定、损伤确切、范围精确可控的技术方法，能够在满足摧毁肌肉细胞的同时保留细胞外基质结构的要求。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种用于研究角膜内皮细胞损伤修复的动物模型及其制备方法和应用。本发明优点在于：模型设计符合最小量化的手术及动物制模原则，仅仅刮除了特定区域的角膜内皮细胞层，而保留了角膜后弹力层，同时未对角膜其它结构造成任何的损伤；通过一组设计不同形状和区域的角膜内皮细胞层损伤的动物模型建立，能直接了解各个区域细胞的增生情况，还可用于治疗性药物的筛选。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种神经根受压损伤大鼠动物模型的构建方法，包括如下步骤：(1)制备一直角三角形的橡胶块；(2)通过手术以完全暴露大鼠的L5的神经根；(3)将上述橡胶块插入椎管并压迫L5的上述神经根；(4)直至无法再将上述橡胶块插入后，将切口逐层缝合以固定上述橡胶块；(5)正常饲养大鼠，定期观察大鼠的背根神经节的组织学变化情况，背根神经节的细胞凋亡的情况，检测caspase‑3的活性情况，以及观察细胞因子的蛋白表达情况。本发明所构建的神经根受压损伤大鼠动物模型的组织学、细胞凋亡情况、caspase‑3的活性情况以及多种细胞因子的表达情况均与临床脊柱退行性疾病的病理特征相似。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种管压式慢性神经根损伤动物模型，所述的模型的构建方法为：将横截面为C型的硅胶管包绕于大鼠神经根的背根神经节以上2-3mm的部位，硅胶管内径0.9-1.1mm、外径1.2-3mm、管长2-4mm。本发明还提供这种模型的构建方法和应用。本发明优点在于：模型具有技术简单、容易复制，产生的压力统一、客观、标准，病理变化个体间变异小、稳定、可靠、可重复性高、便于比较的特点，更加接近椎间盘或骨赘对神经根造成的慢性压迫病理状况；为今后研究手术、药物及针灸等治疗慢性神经根损伤提供了一个稳定的、可靠的、易于标准化、便于显示处理因素效果的神经根病压迫模型。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种动物血液降温的方法及其应用以及心肺复苏低温动物模型的制备方法及动物模型，涉及医学的技术领域。本发明提供的动物血液降温的方法，通过4°C液体与动物的血液进行热交换，能够实现快速降温，操作简单、成本低、降温速度快；此外，按照本发明提供的心肺复苏低温动物模型的制备方法制备而成的动物模型，能够科学地模拟心肺复苏以及低温治疗方案，对于心肺复苏中低温治疗的相关研究，提供了研究的基础；另外，本发明提供的动物血液降温的方法，操作简单、成本低、降温速度快，能够应用于制备心肺复苏低温动物模型之中。