低孔隙度

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘山1、盒8储层地质储量大,具有低孔、低渗、低压的特征,该储层气井返排、产气和携液能力弱。为了解决储层的改造和生产难题,以井区内山1、盒8储层气井为研究对象,对比常规水力压裂和混二氧化碳压裂的储层改造效果以及常规油管生产和下入速度管生产的排水采气效果,并结合油套压、气水量等生产数据,使用多相流稳态模拟器,对气井做流入流出曲线分析。结果表明:①混二氧化碳压裂用水量大幅减少,总加砂量和常规水力压裂加砂量相当,改造效果表现优异,同等厚度储层条件下,试气绝对无阻流量是常规水力压裂的1.3~3.3倍,试验井无阻流量提升2~3倍,单米产气从0.1×10^(4)~0.2×10^(4)m^(3)/d提升至0.3×10^(4)m^(3)/d;②速度管针对于该储层井有非常好的排水采气效果。选用合适尺寸(内径)和下入深度的速度管后,山1、盒8储层的产出水和压裂残留液体能够通过速度管及时排出,气井携液正常能够连续稳定生产。混二氧化碳压裂增产技术结合速度管柱排水采气工艺为鄂尔多斯盆地南缘山1、盒8储层开发提供了良好的思路,值得进一步推广应用。

摘要： 1.目的准确测定页岩气储层孔隙度对于页岩气地质评价和储量计算都非常重要。柱塞样氦气孔隙度测定方法是目前比较常用的页岩孔隙度测定方法之一,鉴于页岩具有钻样易碎、低孔隙度和低渗透率等特点,常规钻样设备制取页岩柱塞样易产生人工裂缝,常规氦气孔隙度测定条件亦较难让页岩孔隙中充分饱和氦气,致使实验结果容易产生误差。为了克服上述不足并获得准确可靠的页岩孔隙度测定结果,笔者研发了一种新的测定方法 :(1)采用金刚石线切割制备柱塞样,以减少人工裂缝产生的概率、提高柱塞样制备成功率;(2)在样品饱和氦气前,运用真空泵抽空页岩孔隙中的残留气体,给其后的氦气饱和提供前提条件。

摘要： 偶极横波远探测测井采用四分量的偶极子发射器和接收器,不但能确定反射体与井筒的距离,还能确定其方位.X油田的岩心资料显示地层中有裂缝、孔洞发育,油藏上下是否连通没有定论,故按层状边水油藏进行设计和开发,但有些井的生产情况表现为块状油藏特点.尝试用偶极横波远探测资料、岩心资料、气测录井等资料解决地层中发育的裂缝、孔洞能否连通上下地层的问题获得成功,证明储层裂缝和孔洞可以形成上下连通通道,并通过后续钻井证明已经有地层流体通过该通道实现了向上流动.应用分析认为偶极横波远探测技术在较好地用于探测地层裂缝和孔洞同时证明X油田为块状油藏.%Dipole shear-wave imaging logging is a new technique which can be used to detect fractures, vugs and other geological body.It used four-component dipole transmitter and receiver.It can be used to measure both the distance to the borehole and the azimuth of the reflecting body.In X oilfield, the core data indicated fractures and vugs developed in the formation.However, it is not conclusive whether the top and bottom of reservoirs are connected by fractures and vugs.Therefore, some reservoirs are designed and developed according to the edge water reservoir.But the production data in some well exhibit the behavior of massive oil reservoir.Therefore, in order to solve the problem that if fractures and vugs can connect to the upper and lower reservoirs, this paper attempts to solve the problem with dipole shear-wave imaging logging, core data, gas logging and other data.The method proves that the fracture and vugss developed in the reservoir can form an effective communication channel, and subsequent drilling also proves that the formation fluid has flowed upward through the channel.According to the application analysis, the dipole shear-wave imaging logging can be used to detect formation fractures and vugs, and it is also proved that X oilfield is a massive reservoir.

摘要： 低孔隙度低渗透率储层有效性受多种因素影响.利用数值模拟方法,分析了渗透率对低孔隙度低渗透率储层弯曲波中心频率影响,以及低孔隙度低渗透率储层条件下利用弯曲波频移进行渗透率反演的可行性.建立了利用最小二乘法通过弯曲波频移反演储层渗透率的方法,并对实际资料进行了处理.处理结果表明,通过弯曲波频移进行渗透率反演结果与岩心分析、核磁共振等方法获取渗透率有较好的一致性,对裂缝产生渗透性也有较好的反映.%The effectiveness of low porosity and low permeability reservoir is influenced by many factors.Based on numerical simulation, the center frequency variation of flexural wave with different permeabilities is calculated, and the feasibility of permeability inversion using flexural wave frequency shift is analyzed.Furthermore, a new permeability inversion algorithm using flexural wave frequency shift by least square method is established, and is also applied to actual well logging data processing.The result shows that the permeability inverted by flexural wave frequency shift is consistent with that measured by core test and processed by NMR well logging data, and indicates fractures well.

摘要： 歧口凹陷中深层低孔隙度低渗透率储层沉积环境和成岩作用的复杂性导致孔隙结构复杂,储层非均质性强,常规实验室得到的不同岩样的m、n值均存在明显差异,其中m变化范围为1.0~2.5,n变化范围为1~6,区域平均m、n值已经满足不了低孔隙度低渗透率储层饱和度评价.综合分析300余块次岩样的岩电参数发现,岩样m、n值受孔隙度、地层水电阻率、孔隙结构特征形态等因素共同制约.提出核磁共振T2谱集中度概念反映微观孔隙结构分布形态,分不同地层水电阻率范围,建立利用核磁共振T2谱集中度计算饱和度关键参数m、n的解释模型,获得连续的、反映储层物性变化的m、n值,有效提高了m、n参数计算准确性,m值相对误差降低到2.1%,n值相对误差降低到7.23%.将该研究成果应用于生产实践,取得了很好的效果.%The most critical factor for carrying out the quantity evaluation of the oil saturation is the rock-electro parameters:m and n.The traditional method to get the parameters of m and n is to use the relationship between formation factors and porosity and the relationship between water saturation and resistivity increasing ratio index to obtain the average value of parameter m and n in the region by carrying out experiments, which can meet the demand of the quantity oil saturation evaluation for the conventional homogeneous reservoir with good porosity.Unfortunately, the mid to deep formations in the Qikou sag are of low porosity and low permeability, due to the complexity of deposition system and diagenesis, the pore space structure becomes more complex and the formation inhomogeneity becomes stronger, so there are obvious differences between the parameters m and n from different core samples experiments, the parameter m ranges from 1 to 2 and n from 1 to 6, the average values of m and n in the region are not suitable for oil saturation evaluation of low porosity and low permeability reservoirs.According to the rock-electro parameters from the comprehensive analysis of 300 core samples, it can be found that the values of m and n are affected by porosity, formation water resistivity and pore space structure characteristics.An idea which is based on the concentration of NMR T2 spectrum distribution to show the microscopic pore space structure is provided.In terms of the ranges of the water resistivity, the interpretation models of the key parameters m and n are built in terms of the concentration of NMR T2 spectrum distribution, the parameters m and n which reflects the reservoir porosity and permeability of the reservoirs can be obtained continuously with depth.This method can effectively raise the accuracy of m and n, the relative error m drops to 2.1%, n to 7.23%.The researches have been put into practice and achieved good results.

摘要： 肯基亚克油田目前处于开发中后期,水淹情况严重,剩余油挖潜不够充分.目前脉冲中子-中子测井(PNN)已在该油田测量了50余口井,在确定单井的剩余油分布情况、封堵高含水层以及二次解释、重新发现新的含油气储层等方面,整体效果较好,但对于物性较差的储层识别能力不强.在不同孔隙度条件下,对PNN识别储层的水淹情况进行分析,得出在该油田地层水矿化度条件下,为得到定量结论PNN测井所需要的最低储层孔隙度以及分析方法;并且通过区域地层特征统计、经验公式等确定该油田PNN测井资料解释的相关参数.将解释成果与实际生产情况进行了对比,取得了较好的应用效果.%Kenkiyak oilfield is in the afternoon of development life,water flooding seriously,and using the remaining oil is not enough.Nowadays,PNN (Pusle Neutron Neutron)logging technology has been logged more than 50 wells in this field.It has good overall application in determining the distribution of remaining oil in a single well,finding the high water cut layer and the new oil and gas reservoir,secondary log data interpretation,but it has little effect on recognizing flooded zone in poor reservoir.Based on analysis of flooding level identified by PNN technology under different porosity conditions,minimum porosity and analysis methods are obtained in this article.This minimum porosity is needed in PNN logging technology to obtain quantitative interpretation result.With statistics of regional layer characteristics and empirical formulas,PNN interpretation parameters are determined.Finally,comparing the interpretation result with actual production,good application effect is achieved.

摘要： 昆北油田Q区块储层以低孔隙度,低渗透率储层为主,含油井段长,储层孔隙度渗透率关系较差,油、水层测井响应特征复杂.通过开展多学科结合的测井解释评价研究,分析淡水泥浆对阵列感应和双侧向测井的不同影响,明确了阵列感应测井在油水层测井识别时明显优于双侧向测井;研究区储层孔隙类型多样,通过分析不同类型储层测井响应特征,选择对储层敏感的常规测井曲线,应用加权累加方法建立了常规测井对储层孔隙结构的分类.在此基础上,建立了针对性低孔隙度,低渗透率油层测井识别评价方法和图版,有效解决了该区块的油、水层测井识别难题.%Q block of Kunbei oilfield with long section of pay zones is featured by low porosity and low permeability reservoirs ,which results in very complex interrelationship of permeability and porosity as well as complicate oil and water layer logging responds .Through multi-discipline study and integrated interpretation ,we analyzed the effects of fresh water mud on array induction and lateralog ,it is found that the former is much more suitable than the later in the case study reservoir .We also studied log facies of different rock types and identified logs sensitive to these various rock types .With weighted accumulation method ,an optimized model of pore structure classification with conventional logs is built .On this basis ,the workflow and related charts are built for hydrocarbon evaluation in the studied block . The method is also useful for similar reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability .

摘要： 泥质粉砂储层中的可燃冰开采，是地质科学界公认的世界性难题。泥质粉砂型储层资源量在世界上占比超过90％，是我国主要的储集类型，具有低孔隙度、低渗透率等特点，同时深水区浅部地层松软易垮塌，易发生井漏，钻探风险极高，开采难度很大。此次是世界上首次对深海粉砂质可燃冰进行试采作业。地层未固结、泥质含量高、储层埋深浅等特点，都给试采工作带来世界级挑战。

摘要： 吐哈盆地丘东气田历经多年衰竭式开发,地层压力由原始地层压力29.0 MPa下降至目前的5.7 MPa,近半数气井井口压力已下降至低于集输系统压力而导致无法连续进站,严重影响气田正常生产.在对丘东气田地面集输流程、井口压力现状、气井生产潜力及储层渗透性分析的基础上,探索负压采气工艺技术在丘东气田实施的可行性及工艺技术参数,通过对比不同类型压缩机性能参数及设备优缺点,从满足现场需求、性能稳定、成本低和后期维护方便等方面优选出燃气驱动螺杆压缩机,安装至单井或集气站,通过抽汲将来气压力降至负压,同时提升外输压力以实现连续稳定输气.丘东气田现场实施36口气井,平均单井井口压力下降0.37 MPa,平均单井日产气量增幅达177％,且压缩机运行时率达97.5％,延长了气井生产寿命,提高了气藏采收率,展示出低压气井实施负压采气工艺技术良好的应用前景,为低孔隙、低渗透、低产水气藏的效益开发提供了新的工艺技术思路.

摘要： The finer points that contribute to top quality results at an effective cost will be considered. There are many factors that contribute to the quality aspects of thermal spray surfaces. The surface preparation with cleaning and degreasing is one critical process to be performed with care. The spray gun and the adjustable variables，such as type of gas and flow rate are usually considered. Fusing parameters are defined when lower porosity is required. The correct metal powder consumable is another point. The alloy choice is often based on the final hardness required for the application. The particle size interval is defined based on the spray technique and the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. The combination of all these points will contribute to the quality aspects of the final coating surface. However，this is not sufficient when one strives for the best. This paper will consider other factors such as morphology. This influences not just the productivity and gas volumes but also the smoothness of flow that contributes to more even surfaces.

摘要： The finer points that contribute to top quality results at an effective cost will be considered. There are many factors that contribute to the quality aspects of thermal spray surfaces. The surface preparation with cleaning and degreasing is one critical process to be performed with care. The spray gun and the adjustable variables，such as type of gas and flow rate are usually considered. Fusing parameters are defined when lower porosity is required. The correct metal powder consumable is another point. The alloy choice is often based on the final hardness required for the application. The particle size interval is defined based on the spray technique and the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. The combination of all these points will contribute to the quality aspects of the final coating surface. However，this is not sufficient when one strives for the best. This paper will consider other factors such as morphology. This influences not just the productivity and gas volumes but also the smoothness of flow that contributes to more even surfaces.

摘要： The finer points that contribute to top quality results at an effective cost will be considered. There are many factors that contribute to the quality aspects of thermal spray surfaces. The surface preparation with cleaning and degreasing is one critical process to be performed with care. The spray gun and the adjustable variables，such as type of gas and flow rate are usually considered. Fusing parameters are defined when lower porosity is required. The correct metal powder consumable is another point. The alloy choice is often based on the final hardness required for the application. The particle size interval is defined based on the spray technique and the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. The combination of all these points will contribute to the quality aspects of the final coating surface. However，this is not sufficient when one strives for the best. This paper will consider other factors such as morphology. This influences not just the productivity and gas volumes but also the smoothness of flow that contributes to more even surfaces.

摘要： The finer points that contribute to top quality results at an effective cost will be considered. There are many factors that contribute to the quality aspects of thermal spray surfaces. The surface preparation with cleaning and degreasing is one critical process to be performed with care. The spray gun and the adjustable variables，such as type of gas and flow rate are usually considered. Fusing parameters are defined when lower porosity is required. The correct metal powder consumable is another point. The alloy choice is often based on the final hardness required for the application. The particle size interval is defined based on the spray technique and the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. The combination of all these points will contribute to the quality aspects of the final coating surface. However，this is not sufficient when one strives for the best. This paper will consider other factors such as morphology. This influences not just the productivity and gas volumes but also the smoothness of flow that contributes to more even surfaces.

摘要： 一种通过铸造生产具有低表面粗糙度和低孔隙率的铸造钢带的方法，使用具有至少大约70ppm的总氧含量和在20到60ppm之间的游离氧含量的钢水，以及允许大多数氧化夹杂物处于液体状态的温度。总氧含量可是至少100ppm，以及游离氧含量在30和50ppm之间。通过该方法生产的钢带可具有距离带表面大约2微米深、每平方厘米至少120个氧化夹杂物的每单位面积密度。

摘要： 一种通过铸造生产具有低表面粗糙度和低孔隙率的铸造钢带的方法，使用具有至少大约70ppm的总氧含量和在20到60ppm之间的游离氧含量的钢水，以及允许大多数氧化夹杂物处于液体状态的温度。总氧含量可是至少100ppm，以及游离氧含量在30和50ppm之间。通过该方法生产的钢带可具有距离带表面大约2微米深、每平方厘米至少120个氧化夹杂物的每单位面积密度。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种层内孔隙度‑电阻率‑岩性匹配关系法识别低阻油气层的方法，包括：步骤S1、分析层内岩性曲线特征；步骤S2、分析层内孔隙度曲线特征；步骤S3、分析层内电阻率曲线特征；步骤S4、根据层内孔隙度‑电阻率‑岩性匹配关系，判别储层流体性质；步骤S5、验证储层流体性质效果。在本方案中，通过层内“孔隙度‑电阻率‑岩性”曲线之间的匹配关系进行低阻油气层的识别，可以避免误判油气层，在提高油气层测井识别正确率的同时不增加成本，该方法不仅适用于低阻油气层评价，也适用于常规层内非均质储层评价。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种适用于低渗特低渗岩心孔隙度的测量装置，包括底座，所述底座的内部设有支撑台；通过顶盖内部的气体在压差的驱动下穿过岩心内部的有效空隙进入底座，使底座内部的气压升高，体积测量装置内部的气压升高，指示装置感受到气压升高后开启动力补偿装置，使动力补偿装置牵引指示装置向上移动，直至底座和体积测量装置内部的气压恢复到常压状态，指示装置的重量不会对底座内部的气压产生影响，配合体积测量装置上的刻度线记录底座内部气体的体积变化量，通过底座内部气体的体积变化量与实验时间推出岩心内部的有效孔隙度，不需要校准管线和气阀内的空腔体积，不会出现误差，测量准确度高。

摘要： 一种适用于低渗特低渗岩心孔隙度的测量装置，包括测实体体积的岩心室(29)、孔隙体积夹持器(214)等，第一二位三通(212)的另一端通过控制阀(24)与四通(25)连接，四通(25)的第二端连接调节阀(26)，四通(25)第三端连接压力传感器(27)，四通(25)第四端与储气筒(28)连接；储气筒(28)的另一端连接第二二位三通(210)，第二二位三通(210)的第二端连接孔隙体积夹持器(214)，第二二位三通(210)的第三端连接测实体体积的岩心室(29)；压力传感器(27)的另一端连接自动数据采集器(215)，可直接测试孔隙体积，不仅适合测试标准柱塞岩样，而且可以测试不规则岩心、岩屑等的孔隙体积，提高了测试的精度，拓展了测试对象。

摘要： 本发明涉及地下卤水开采技术领域。本发明提供了一种低孔隙度、低给水度、低渗透率卤水矿的采矿方法。所述采矿方法运用于空气驱动采卤系统，所述系统包括输卤渠(1)、连接至输卤渠(1)的多个平行输卤管(2)、每条输卤管(2)连接多个采卤井(3)、均布在采卤区的多个注气孔(4)、将多个注气孔(4)串联的多个输气管(5)和空压机组(6)。本发明对于低孔隙度、低给水度、低渗透率的细碎屑含水层卤水矿开采，能够降低采卤成本，大大提高采卤量、提升采矿效率和提高采收率。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种低孔隙度、低渗透率、高泥质含量的致密油储层压裂方法，通过依次进行的利用前置液液态超临界CO2穿透造缝，增加了裂缝的延伸和波及面积；利用前置酸解除近井地带的泥浆污染的同时降低近井地带岩石的破裂压力和应力集中；通过采用快速提高排量/大排量+逆混合压裂加砂工艺，提高了裂缝纵向的改造程度，配合四个阶段采用具有不同粘度的滑溜水和不同砂比支撑及混砂造缝，提高裂缝净压力增加纵向改造程度和压裂改造效果；和最后利用顶替液顶替施工，形成一套致密油储层的压裂改造工艺技术；该压裂工艺能够有效达到深度改造超低渗致密油储层，提高缝口及近井地带的导流能力，最后从泥岩、致密砂岩中获得工业油流的目的。

摘要： 本发明涉及地下卤水开采技术领域。本发明提供了一种低孔隙度、低给水度、低渗透率卤水矿的采矿方法。所述采矿方法运用于空气驱动采卤系统，所述系统包括输卤渠(1)、连接至输卤渠(1)的多个平行输卤管(2)、每条输卤管(2)连接多个采卤井(3)、均布在采卤区的多个注气孔(4)、将多个注气孔(4)串联的多个输气管(5)和空压机组(6)。本发明对于低孔隙度、低给水度、低渗透率的细碎屑含水层卤水矿开采，能够降低采卤成本，大大提高采卤量、提升采矿效率和提高采收率。

摘要： 本发明提供一种低孔隙度低渗透率致密砂砾岩人造岩心，涉及到石油与天然气工程技术中岩心的制备方法，低孔隙度低渗透率致密砂砾岩人造岩心包括石英砂、砾石、砾石、正长石、方解石、黏土矿物及胶黏剂，制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)将配料充分搅拌混合均匀；(2)将配料分多次填砂入模具；(3)将压块模具系统放置在液压机压制平台上进行压制后放入岩心烘烤烘箱内升温、保温、冷却后制成成型岩块；(4)将步骤(3)所得的成型岩块进行标准岩心的切割。本发明的低孔隙度低渗透率致密砂砾岩人造岩心渗透率可以达到0.1毫达西‑10毫达西，孔隙度可达到8％‑10％，这种致密砂砾岩人造岩心可以更好的用于模拟致密砂砾岩油藏室内物理实验。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种低孔隙度、低渗透率、高泥质含量的致密油储层压裂方法，通过依次进行的利用前置液液态超临界CO