摘要：
为充分发挥高品质棉的产量与纤维品质潜力,以高品质棉杂交种科棉1号和常规种科棉4号为供试品种,于2003-2005年在扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室实验农场进行育苗移栽,设基肥、花铃肥、桃肥比例试验(科棉1号设20:60:20、10:60:30和25:65:10三个处理,科棉4号设20:60:20、15:70:15和10:75:15三个处理);基肥施用比例试验(科棉1号设10%、20%和30%三个处理,科棉4号设10%、15%和20%三个处理);促花肥施用比例试验(设0、20%、30%和40%四个处理);桃肥施用比例试验(科棉1号设10%、20%和25%三个处理,科棉4号设10%、15%和20%三个处理);花铃肥中保铃肥施用时间试验(设叶龄分别为17叶、19叶、21叶三个处理),调查氮肥运筹对铃重、铃体积和纤维品质的影响.结果表明,吸N量为208.5～243.0 kg hm~(-2),科棉1号和科棉4号基肥、花铃肥和桃肥的氮肥施用比例分别为20:60:20和15:70:15,且促花肥为30%时,有利于大铃的形成和纤维品质的优化,桃肥施用量为15%～20%时有利于秋桃的形成.保铃肥的施用时间在主茎叶龄19～20叶时最有利于棉铃发育、纤维品质改善和产量提高.相关分析表明,铃体积、铃重与产量及纤维品质呈正相关,尤其促花肥施用,有利于大铃形成,显著促进产量提高和纤维品质改善,因此对于高品质棉促进大铃形成是高产和纤维品质保优的关键.%The objective of this study was to investigate the extent of the yield increase and fiber quality improvement with nitrogen fertilizer application at different developing periods for high fiber quality cotton. Two cultivars of high quality cotton, hybrid Kemian 1, and conventional Kemian 4, were used to study the effect of nitrogen application on boll weight, boll volume and fiber quality. The five experiments were conducted on the farm of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Physiology of Yangzhou University from 2003 to 2005, the first experiment was the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer at transplanting, flowering and boll setting, peak boll setting period of 20:60:20, 10:60:30, 25:65:10 for Kemian 1, and 20:60:20, 15:70:15, 10:75:15 for Kemian 4, the second was the basic nitrogen fertilizer at transplanting of 10%, 20%, 30% for Kemian 1, and 10%, 15%, 20% for Kemian 4, the third was 0, 20%, 30%, 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer at early flowering period for both cultivars, the fourth was the nitrogen fertilizer applied at 17, 19, 21 leaf age on main stem, and the fifth was the nitrogen fertilizer at peak boll setting period of 10%, 20%, 25% for Kemian 1, and 10%, 15%, 20% for Kemian 4. The results showed that bigger boll and better fiber quality were gotten under the application of 208.5 to 243.0 kg nitrogen per hectare, and the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer 20%, 60%, 20% for Kemian 1, and 15%, 70%, 15% for Kemian 4, respectively in the first experiment. 30% of nitrogen fertilizer applied at early flowering was optimal for the development of bigger boll and better fiber quality, 15-20% of nitrogen fertilizer applied at the peak boll setting period was best for development of the late boll in autumn. The nitrogen fertilizer application at peak flowering period was earlier at 17 leaf age, later at 21 leaf age, and optimal at 19 to 20 leaf age on the main stem. The correlation analysis indicated further that there were positive correlation between boll size, boll weight and yield, fiber quality. The nitrogen fertilizer application at the early flowering period was beneficial to develop bigger boll, higher yield and better fiber quality. These results suggest that the key of the high lint yield and good fiber quality is to develop big boll for the high fiber quality cotton.
