摘要:
目的 探讨大学生在情绪记忆上的性别和文化差异及被试对不同效价的情绪图片的记忆偏好.方法 采用学习-再认范式,请54名大学生对不同效价的情绪面孔图片进行再认,记录并分析被试的再认反应时和正确率.结果 (1)藏族被试再认反应时为(1 808.28±528.45) ms,汉族被试再认反应时为(1 508.27±455.37)ms,反应时的民族类型主效应显著[F(1.50)=5.826,P<0.05];负性图片的再认反应时[(1 568.90±534.45) ms]显著短于正性[(1 684.08±476.24) ms]及中性图片的再认反应时[(1 738.51±528.73)ms],情绪图片效价的主效应显著[F(2.100)=6.997,P<0.05].(2)在正确率上,情绪图片效价的主效应显著[F(2.49)=29.56,P<0.05],被试对负性图片的再认正确率[(78.83±8.55)%]显著高于其对正性[(73.41±9.66)%]及中性图片[(67.96±9.64)%]的再认正确率.(3)藏族被试对负性图片[(77.46±8.48)%]的再认正确率显著高于其对正性图片[(70.89±8.83)%]及中性图片[(67.32±8.70)%]的再认正确率,情绪图片效价的主效应显著[F(2,52)=14.891,P<0.05].(4)汉族被试对负性图片的反应时[(1 359.89±365.58)ms]显著短于其对正性[(1 549.93±434.60)ms]及中性图片[(1 615.01±528.77) ms]的反应时,情绪图片效价的主效应显著[F(2,48)=9.758,P<0.05];汉族被试对负性图片[(80.31±8.53)%]的再认正确率显著高于其对中性图片[(68.65±10.70)%]及正性图片[(76.12±9.94)%]的再认正确率;其对正性图片的再认正确率也显著高于其对中性图片的再认正确率,情绪图片效价的主效应显著[F(2,48)=15.359,P<0.05].结论 民族文化和情绪效价影响大学生的情绪记忆,藏族和汉族大学生对情绪图片的再认都有明显的“负性偏向”,但又具有各自不同的特点.%Objective To explore the gender and cultural differences in emotional memory of college students and whether they have memory preferences for emotional pictures with different valence.Methods Using the learning-recognition paradigm,fifty-four Tibetan and Han students were asked to recognize the emotional face images of different valence.The reaction time and accuracy of the subjects were recorded and analyzed.Results (1) The reaction times of the Tibetan and Han subjects were (1 808.28±528.45) ms and (1 508.27±455.37)ms,the main effect of national type was significant (F(1,50)=5.826,P<0.05).The main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,100)=6.997,P<0.05),the reaction time of negative pictures ((1 568.90 ± 534.45) ms) was significantly shorter than that of the positive picture ((1 684.08±476.24) ms) and neural pictures ((1 738.51 ± 528.73) ms).(2) On the accuracy rate,the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,49)=29.56,P<0.05).The accuracy of negative images ((78.83±8.55) %) was significantly higher than that of the positive ((73.41 ±9.66) %) and neutral picture ((67.96 ± 9.64) %).(3) For Tibetan subjects,the accuracy of positive picture ((77.46 ± 8.48)%) was significantly higher than that of positive ((70.89±8.83)%) and neutral pictures ((67.32± 8.70) %),the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2.52)=14.891,P<0.05).(4) For Han subjects,,the response time of negative images ((1 359.89±365.58) ms) was significantly shorter than that of positive ((1 549.93±434.60) ms) and neutral pictures ((1 615.01±528.77) ms),the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,48)=9.758,P<0.05).The accuracy of negative images ((80.31±8.53)%) was significantly higher than that of neutral ((68.65±10.70)%) and positive images ((76.12±9.94)%),and the main effect of emotional picture valence was significant (F(2,48) =15.359,P< 0.05).Conclusion National culture and emotional valence affect the emotional memory of the Tibetan and Han students.Both Tibetan and Han students have obvious "negative bias" on the recognition of emotional images,but they have different characteristics.