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实验室,医院的相关文献在2000年到2021年内共计145篇,主要集中在临床医学、预防医学、卫生学、基础医学 等领域,其中期刊论文143篇、专利文献226991篇;相关期刊22种,包括解放军医院管理杂志、中国防痨杂志、国际检验医学杂志等; 实验室,医院的相关文献由437位作者贡献,包括王治国、王薇、张传宝等。

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实验室,医院

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  • 王治国
  • 王薇
  • 张传宝
  • 赵海建
  • 何法霖
  • 周睿
  • 王清涛
  • 钟堃
  • 马嵘
  • 丛玉隆
  • 期刊论文
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    • 温亚
    • 摘要: 目的分析胫骨近端骨髓腔内血液标本用于指导急危重症患者救治的可行性。方法选择2018年6月至2019年6月山西医科大学第二医院急诊科收治的危重症患者68例,每例患者同时采集胫骨近端骨髓腔内血液标本和外周静脉通路血液标本,比较不同采集部位血液标本在血常规、部分生化指标之间的差异。结果骨髓腔内组与外周静脉组血液标本在红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、尿素氮、肌酐、血糖、钾、钠、氯、钙、总蛋白、白蛋白结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),白细胞、血小板结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且骨髓腔内组中白细胞和血小板的检测结果高于外周静脉组。结论对于急危重症患者,当外周静脉采血困难时,可以通过采集胫骨近端骨髓腔内血液标本进行实验室检查。除白细胞、血小板2项指标外,本研究中的其他检测项目可代替外周静脉血液标本,为急危重症患者的救治提供临床数据支持。
    • 温亚
    • 摘要: 目的 分析胫骨近端骨髓腔内血液标本用于指导急危重症患者救治的可行性.方法 选择2018年6月至2019年6月山西医科大学第二医院急诊科收治的危重症患者68例,每例患者同时采集胫骨近端骨髓腔内血液标本和外周静脉通路血液标本,比较不同采集部位血液标本在血常规、部分生化指标之间的差异.结果 骨髓腔内组与外周静脉组血液标本在红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、尿素氮、肌酐、血糖、钾、钠、氯、钙、总蛋白、白蛋白结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),白细胞、血小板结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且骨髓腔内组中白细胞和血小板的检测结果高于外周静脉组.结论 对于急危重症患者,当外周静脉采血困难时,可以通过采集胫骨近端骨髓腔内血液标本进行实验室检查.除白细胞、血小板2项指标外,本研究中的其他检测项目可代替外周静脉血液标本,为急危重症患者的救治提供临床数据支持.
    • 张文龙; 王增涛; 丁自海; 陆芸; 杜晓健; 冯光; 池征璘; 刘衍松; 刘军
    • 摘要: 人体解剖学是一门基础医学学科,是医学生的必修课程;而医学生毕业从事临床工作后,很少再有机会回到解剖室,没有条件带着临床中遇到的问题再次学习解剖.在教学医院内建设临床解剖实验室能为临床医生提供根据临床需要进行解剖研究的场所和条件,也能促进临床手术技术和诊疗水平的提高,意义重大,值得推广.
    • 欧阳能良; 王伟佳; 黄福达; 苏韶生; 兰海丽; 王娟; 陈康; 谢晋烨
    • 摘要: 作者介绍了医院通过建立检验前质量管理委员会、实施检验前全程监管、明确职责并落实主体责任等多种措施,来提升检验前质量.信息化手段在检验前质量管理中起到了全程管理、提前预警和拦截不合格标本的作用,而多部门、多环节、多措施的协调运用,促进了检验前质量的提升,保障了检验结果质量和患者医疗安全.
    • 何鹏; 梁静; 陶华林
    • 摘要: 医学检验质量控制分为检验前、检验中、检验后3个阶段,临床沟通贯穿整个检验过程,是保证检验质量的重要环节,也是医学检验专业学生在实习阶段的重要培训内容.医学检验专业学生临床沟通主要包括与医生、护士及患者的沟通,医学检验专业学生应掌握医学检验相关专业知识及临床知识,掌握根据不同的临床问题进行沟通的技巧和能力,为毕业后胜任临床检验工作奠定良好的基础.
    • 孙慧颖; 邵燕; 刘淑明; 胡滨; 陈宝荣
    • 摘要: Objective To evaluate the system measurement procedure effects on the analytic precision of clinical chemistry analytes.Methods In June 2009, June 2010 and September 2010 respectively,the National Center for Clinical Laboratories of China and the Organization of Five Hospitals in Fukuoka Japan organized comparison activities of 26 clinical chemistry analytes which were ALT,AST,GGT, ALP,CK,LDH,AMY,ChE,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,Glu,Cr,BUN,UA,K,Na,Cl,Ca,TP,Alb,TBil,DBil, P,Fe.In this paper, we investigated 26 analytes of three sets in Beijing Aerospace General Hospital as follows.(1)The precision of different reconstitution methods was observed by using three kinds of pipetting tools, such as measuring pipette, pipette and dispenser.(2)The experiments were carried out in three stages by testing the dried powder control samples of two concentration levels(101-Ⅰ,101-Ⅱ)provided by Hitachi Japan.They were measured on 28 consecutive days at each stage in order to observe the precision of 26 clinical chemistry analytes.In the first stage,we used the former measurement procedure to measure the control samples;in the second stage we added three conditions of the measurement procedure.The first was two calibration modes,which were once-a--day calibration and twice-a--day calibration.The second was the calibration standard and the last was the conditions of the freeze-thaw samples.In the third stage, we used the twice-a-day calibration only for GGT,ALP,ChE,TG,Cr,Na,K,CL,ALB.(3)JSCC and Health Industry Standard quality objectives were implemented to evaluate whether the precision of the improved measurement procedure met the requirements.(4)Paired T test were used to compare the precision of measurement between the second stage and the first stage, and between the third stage and the second stage of the measurement procedure.Results (1)The precision of three kinds of pipetting tools were 0.56%,0.10%, 0.01%.(2)The ranges of precision of ALT,AST,GGT,ALP,CK,LDH,AMY,ChE,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,Glu,Cr,BUN,UA,K,Na,Cl,Ca,TP,Alb,TBil,DBil,P,Fe were 0.99%-10.5% about 101-Ⅰ and 0.91%-7.03%about 101-Ⅱin the first stage.The ranges of precision were 0.66%-8.81%of 101-Ⅰand 0.66%-4.28%of 101-Ⅱin the second stage.The ranges of precisions were 0.60%-3.91%of 101-Ⅰand 0.73%-3.39%of 101-Ⅱin the third stage.(3)73%/80%of the samples met the standard of JSCC about 101-Ⅰand 101-Ⅱand 80%/88%of the samples met the standard of Health Industry Standard in the first stage.88%/100% of the samples met the standard of JSCC about 101-Ⅰand 101-Ⅱ and 100%/100%samples met the standard of Health Industry Standard in the second stage.The ratio of samples meeting the standard of JSCC about 101-Ⅰand 101-Ⅱwere 96%/100% and that of Health Industry Standard were 100%/100%in the third stage.(4)Precision of 101-Ⅰand 101-Ⅱwas statistically significant between the measurement procedures of second stage and the first stage,and there was no significant difference between the third stage and the second stage.Conclusion (1)The precision of samples using dispenser to reconstitute is higher than that of the other two pipetting methods.(2)Improving the calibration mode and reconstitution of samples increase the precision of 26 clinical chemistry analytes by over 50%.%目的 评价系统测量程序对临床生化项目测量结果精密度的影响.方法 2009年6月、2010年6月和9月,卫生部临床检验中心与日本福冈地区五医院联合会共同组织了3次中日实验室ALT、AST、GGT、ALP、CK、LDH、AMY、ChE、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、Cr、BUN、UA、K、Na、Cl、Ca、TP、Alb、TBil、DBil、P、Fe26个临床化学检验项目结果比对.针对北京航天总医院26个项目的3次数据进行研究:(1)采用吸量管、加样器、稀释配液仪三种移液工具复溶干粉样品,观察不同复溶方式的精密度.(2)采用日本日立公司提供的2个浓度水平(101-Ⅰ,101-Ⅱ)的冻干粉质控品为实验样本,分三个阶段进行实验.每阶段连续测定28 d,观察实验室26个临床生化项目测量结果精密度的变化.第一阶段采用实验室测量程序测定待评价样本;第二阶段26个项目设定为单日二次校准及单日一次校准两种校准周期,规定校准合格标准,统一样品复融条件,再次测定待评价样本;第三阶段GGT、ALP、ChE、TG、Cr、Na、K、CL、ALB采用单日二次校准、其余项目为单日一次校准测定待评价样本,观察各阶段测量结果精密度及变化.(3)以三个阶段各临床化学项目质控结果为基础,分析优化校准模式、样品复融条件后的系统测量程序对精密度改进的作用,采用JSCC质量目标及卫生行业标准质量目标评估优化后系统测量程序后的精密度是否能够达到要求.(4)采用配对T检验判断第二阶段优化系统测量程序后测量结果精密度与第一阶段有无统计学差异,观察精密度改善的效果;判断第三阶段与第二阶段测量结果精密度有无统计学差异,观察优化后的系统测量程序是否能够保持良好的精密度.结果 (1)吸量管、加样器、稀释配液仪复溶校准品的精密度分别为0.56%、0.10%、0.01%.(2)第一阶段 ALT、AST、GGT、ALP、CK、LDH、AMY、ChE、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、Cr、BUN、UA、K、Na、Cl、Ca、TP、Alb、TBil、DBil、P、Fe 项目101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ样本精密度分布范围分别为0.99%~10.5%/0.91%~7.03%;第二阶段各项目101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ样本精密度分布范围分别为0.66%~8.81%/0.66%~4.28%;第三阶段各项目101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ样本精密度分布范围分别为0.60%~3.91%/0.73%~3.39%.(3)第一阶段101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ样本测量精密度JSCC质量目标符合率分别为73%/80%,卫生行业标准质量目标符合率分别为80%/88%;第二阶段101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ样本测量精密度JSCC质量目标符合率分别为88%/100%,卫生行业标准质量目标符合率分别为100%/100%;第三阶段101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ样本测量精密度JSCC质量目标符合率分别为96%/100%,卫生行业标准质量目标符合率分别为96%/100%.(4)三阶段测量结果精密度比较:第二阶段精密度与第一阶段101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ均有统计学差异;第三阶段与第二阶段精密度101-Ⅰ、101-Ⅱ均无统计学差异.结论 (1)稀释配液仪复溶干粉样品的精密度优于其他两种;(2)改进校准模式、样品复融可使26个临床生化项目测量结果精密度下降超过50%,明显改进各临床生化项目测量结果的精密度.
    • 李晓博; 普智飞; 陶春林; 高红
    • 摘要: 目的 针对常规生化检测项目,制定自动审核规则,借助实验室信息管理系统实现检验结果的自动审核.方法 依据美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)AUTO-10A及医学实验室质量和能力认可准则(ISO15189:2012)的指导意见,在室内质控在控的基础上,实验室设计自动审核逻辑,设置六大审核规则,包括室内质控规则、样本状态判断规则、逻辑紊乱规则、值域及多次结果比较(ΔCheck)规则(包括危急值、警示值、参考区间)、关联矛盾规则、异常模式规则,并将审核逻辑和规则搭建在实验室信息系统中.对2016年10月至2017年4月本中心实验室常规生化检测项目,分别按项目、条码统计自动审核通过情况,并与临床诊断信息及人工审核情况进行比较.结果 按项目统计自动审核通过率超过65%,按条码统计通过率为45%左右,与临床诊断符合率92%,经过规则的进一步完善,与人工审核相比较,通过一致率从97.48%提高到100%,不通过一致率从82.98%提高到85.21%.结论 (1)设置的自动审核逻辑和规则可以实现半数常规生化检验结果的自动审核,且与人工审核判断通过有较高的一致率;(2)新增加的规则必须经过一定周期的验证,方可正式应用;(3)自动审核可以实现检验后步骤的自动化,缩短报告审核时间,提高工作效率.
    • 高方方; 张硕; 苏云开; 任利平; 高飞
    • 摘要: Objective To understand and evaluate the performance of tuberculosis (TB) related examinations in secondary and above medical institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted in 265 secondary and tertiary medical institutions all around Inner Mongolia from July to November,2015.The questionnaire concerned hospital category and scale,TB laboratory test items and quantity in 2014.Effective questionnaires from 154 hospitals were received,including 41 (82.0%,41/50) tertiary and 113 (52.6%,113/215) secondary medical institutions,and the overall response rate was 58.1% (154/265).Results The performance rate of TB LAB tests in tertiary medical institutions was better than that in secondary ones.The performance rates of AFB test,culture test,molecular biological detection and interferon-gamma release assay carried out in tertiary medical institutions were 87.8% (36/41),24.4% (10/41),12.2% (5/41) and 31.7% (13/41) respectively,and those in secondary medical institutions were 31.9% (36/113),9.7% (11/113),1.8% (2/113) and 1.8% (2/113) respectively.The differences were significant (x2 =37.83,P=0.000;x2=5.49,P=0.019;x2=7.54,P=0.006;x2=30.67,P=0.000).The performance of culture test in non-general hospital including 8 infectious disease hospitals (23.4%,11/47) was better than that in general hospitals (9.3%,10/107) with significant difference (x2 =5.48,P<0.05).The situation of TB LAB tests performed in eight infectious diseases hospitals (3 secondary and 5 tertiary ones) was relatively better.The performance rates of AFB test,culture test,molecular biological detection and interferon-gamma release assay were 8/8,7/8,3/8 and 6/8 respectively.Conclusion As the foremost position for TB case finding,the performance of TB LAB in general hospitals should be improved further,no matter detection items,quantity or the application of new techniques.%目的 了解并评价内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室结核病相关检测开展情况.方法 2015年7 11月对全区12个盟市265家二级以上医疗机构进行问卷调查,内容包括医院的类别、规模、2014年实验室开展结核病相关检测项目及实际检测数量.共收回154家医疗机构的有效调查问卷,总体应答率为58.1%(154/265),其中三级医院占82.0%(41/50)、二级医院占52.6%(113/215).结果 三级医院各检测项目的开展率均优于二级医院,其中抗酸杆菌涂片镜检开展率分别为87.8%(36/41)和31.9%(36/113)、结核分枝杆菌改良固体培养分别为24.4%(10/41)和9.7%(11/113)、分子生物学检测分别为12.2%(5/41)和1.8%(2/113)、γ干扰素释放试验分别为31.7%(13/41)和1.8%(2/113),差异均有统计学意义(x2=37.83,P=0.000;x2=5.49,P=0.019;x2=7.54,P=0.006;x2=30.67,P=0.000).含8家传染病医院在内的非综合医院结核分枝杆菌改良固体培养开展率(23.4%,11/47)优于综合医院(9.3%,10/107),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.48,P<0.05).8家传染病医院(三级5家,二级3家)结核病相关检测项目[抗酸杆菌涂片镜检(8/8)、结核分枝杆菌改良固体培养(7/8)、分子生物学检测(3/8)、γ干扰素释放试验(6/8)]开展情况均较好.结论 作为结核病患者发现第一道防线的综合医疗机构,其实验室结核病相关检测项目、检测数量均有待增加,新技术应用需要进一步推广.
    • 黄钰竹; 李婷婷; 赵海建; 王薇; 张传宝; 杜雨轩; 王治国
    • 摘要: 目的 调查分析全国糖化血红蛋白室间质量评价(EQA)不及格的原因,改进实验室检测质量.方法 2017年2月底以特快专递的形式将5个批号的糖化血红蛋白EQA样品发放给参评实验室,在参评实验室检验并上报结果后,统计分析并发放回报表,同时短信通知出现EQA结果不及格的实验室.利用基于Web的EQA系统调查糖化血红蛋白EQA不及格的原因,统计EQA不及格率,分析不及格原因,并将EQA不及格率与当月变异系数(CV)联合分析.结果 糖化血红蛋白的EQA不及格率为11.2%(179/1601),不及格原因回报率为70.4%(126/179).不及格原因分析结果显示设备问题(27.8%,35/126)和技术问题(26.2%,33/126)为主要的原因大类;"设备功能故障"(12.7%,16/126)和"方法学缺陷"(10.3%,13/126)为主要的原因亚类,调查后无法解释占8.7%(11/126).当月CV<2%组的100%及格率高于当月CV≥2%组,≤80%不及格率低于当月CV≥2%组.结论 本次糖化血红蛋白EQA不及格原因调查结果总体上是满意的,实验室、厂商和EQA组织者都应通过EQA数据改进工作中的问题,提高检测质量.%Objective To investigate the reasons of unacceptable external quality assessment results for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and improve quality level.Methods At the end of February 2017, five samples of HbA1c for external quality assessment (EQA) were sent to participated laboratories by post.After testing and reporting results by laboratories , the EQA organizer made statistical analysis and sent results back to laboratories.Meanwhile , messages would be sent to participants those had unacceptable EQA results . Investigating reasons of unacceptable results in 2017 through the EQA System based on web , which was developed by National Central for Clinical Laboratories , calculating the failure rate , analyzing the concrete reasons and combining EQA failure rates with current coefficient of variation .Results The EQA failure rate on HbA1c was 11.2%and reporting rates of reasons for failures was 70.4%(126/179).In the reasons for unacceptable results , technological (27.8%,35/126) and equipment's defects (26.2%,33/126) were the main reason categories , while malfunction ( 12.7%, 16/126 ) and methods defection ( 10.3%, 13/126 ) were the main reason subclass .The unexplainable results after survey account for 8.7%( 11/126 ) .In the group for coefficient of variation ( CV ) over 2%, the percentage of laboratories that had five samples get acceptable results was higher than that of group for CV less than 2%,and the percentage of laboratories that had at most four samples get acceptable results was lower than that of group for CV less than 2%.Conclusions The result of the reasons of unacceptable external quality assessment results for HbA 1c is generally satisfactory.The laboratory, manufacturer and EQA organizers should find and solve the working problems by analyzing EQA data , to improve the testing quality.
    • 刘文; 费中海; 张金花; 李君安
    • 摘要: 目的 监控该院临床血常规检验流程的全过程,探讨标本周转时间(TAT)的影响因素,并提出改进方案.方法 利用该院信息系统的TAT统计功能,统计2016年检验科临检血常规平诊(门诊和住院)和急诊标本的TAT,对统计结果进行分析处理并设定新的TAT,分析设定前后TAT合格率,帮助实验室改进TAT.结果 该院血常规标本TAT合格率较低,TAT延长的原因包括:(1)标本接收前运送耗时较多;(2)短时间内标本量剧增;(3)存在试剂消耗,仪器、系统故障等偶发因素.结论 优化标本的运输流程和标本接收高峰期的人力、物力配置,加强与临床的沟通,提升人员TAT意识,能进一步缩短TAT.
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