摘要：
三江源地区具有丰富的高原生物多样性,是我国重要的生态安全屏障.作为我国第一个体制试点的国家公园,三江源国家公园将被建成青藏高原大自然保护展示和生态文化传承区.为更好地服务于三江源国家公园建设,本研究从海拔、年均温和年降水等方面,在环境空间上系统比较了国家公园与三江源和可可西里自然保护区的差异;以4种两栖爬行动物即高原林蛙(Rana kukunoris)、倭蛙(Nanorana pleskei)、西藏齿突蟾(Scutiger boulengeri)和青海沙蜥(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)分布点环境条件在国家公园内外的异同为例,探讨分布受环境制约大、扩散能力弱的物种保护在国家公园建设中可能面临的机遇和挑战.结果表明,国家公园与己建自然保护区在地理空间上重叠较大,但它们在自然环境上的差别很明显;自然保护区内两栖爬行类所偏好的环境条件较多未包含在国家公园内.鉴于三江源的区位特殊性及对气候变化的敏感性,区域内两栖爬行动物等对环境依赖性强、扩散能力弱物种的有效保护不仅有助于保持物种遗传多样性和区域生态系统的完整性,也有利于更好地实现国家公园目标定位并服务于生态文明建设.为此,在国家公园内,应开展两栖爬行动物种群动态和群落结构的长期监测,加强基础生物学研究,掌握环境变化对两栖爬行动物分布、遗传、行为、形态、种群动态及群落可能产生的影响,实现区域内两栖爬行动物及其类似物种在环境变化下的永续生存.%The Three-River-Source (TRS) region,which harbors an evolutionarily unique and impressively large portion of plateau biodiversity,is an important national ecological security shelter zone.Acting as the first system pilot in China,the TRS National Park will be turned into both the exhibition of nature conservation and a heritage area of ecological culture on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.To better contribute to the construction of the TRS National Park,we compared the TRS National Park with the TRS and Kekexili Nature Reserves with respect to elevation,annual mean temperature and annual precipitation.By combining the environmental conditions of the occurrences of four species of amphibians and reptiles (i.e.,Rana kukunoris,Nanorana pleskei,Scutiger boulengeri,and Phrynocephalus vlangalii) both inside and outside the national park,we explored potential opportunities and challenges for the conservation of poor-dispersal-ability species (including amphibians and reptiles) during construction of the TRS National Park.While the national park and the nature reserves had large overlap in geographical space,the environmental conditions were different between them.The preferred environmental conditions of the four species were mostly not included in the TRS National Park,but were included in the nature reserves.Given the unique geographical location of the TRS region and its sensitivity to climate change,the effective protection of amphibians and reptiles in this region will not only contribute to maintaining genetic diversity of species and the integrality of regional ecosystems,but also will help to achieve the goal of the TRS National Park and assist with the construction of ecological civilization.Thus,within the TRS National Park,to strengthen basic biological research,it is important to conduct long-term monitoring studies of population dynamics and community structure.Based on this,the potential effects of environmental changes on the distribution,genetic diversity,behavior,morphological traits,population dynamics and community of amphibians and reptiles could be understood,with the aim of achieving their sustainable survival within the TRS National Park in the face of global change.
