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市区人口的相关文献在1960年到2021年内共计220篇,主要集中在预防医学、卫生学、经济计划与管理、世界各国经济概况、经济史、经济地理 等领域,其中期刊论文220篇、专利文献1413篇;相关期刊151种,包括瞭望、开放时代、社会科学等; 市区人口的相关文献由395位作者贡献,包括郑娟、卓朗、吴多文等。

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    • 曹志军
    • 摘要: 一、齐齐哈尔市土地年租金征收情况齐齐哈尔是黑龙江省第二大城市,辖1市8县7区,幅员面积4.24万平方千米,总人口567.8万,其中市区人口142.7万。是国家重要的装备工业基地、商品粮基地和畜牧业基地。因世界珍禽丹顶鹤在此栖息,又有“鹤城”的美誉。目前,正朝着建设国家级生态园林城市、中国绿色食品主产区和集散地、国际国内具有重要影响的装备工业基地、全国闻名的生态旅游胜地和国家级历史文化名城的目标奋力迈进。
    • 马婧; 王乃红; 于廉; 钟涵; 张杰
    • 摘要: Objective To explore population characteristics of voluntary blood donors of central urban and suburban blood donation houses in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2016,in order to provide support and reference for optimizing promotion of blood donation house and recruitment strategy of voluntary blood donors.Methods From 2012 to 2016,a total of 73 305 voluntary blood donors who participated in blood donation at 16 blood donation houses in Chengdu were selected as subjects in this study.According to the different regions of voluntary blood donors participating in blood donation,they were divided into the suburban blood donation houses group (n=17 028) and central urban donation houses group (n=56 277).The demographic data such as age,education levels and occupation of voluntary blood donors in this study were collected by Chengdu Blood Center Information Management System SHINOW9.0.A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the distribution of voluntary blood donors' age,education levels and occupation between suburban and central urban blood donation houses group.The composition ratios of the two groups of voluntary blood donors with different age,educational levels and occupation were compared by chi-square test,respectively.Results ① There was statistically difference in composition ratios of different ages of voluntary blood donors between suburban and central urban blood donation houses group in Chengdu from 2012 to 2016 (x2=3 204.590,P<0.001).The voluntary blood donors in suburban blood donation houses group were mainly concentrated in the age of 25-54 years old,with the proportion of 83.0% (14 131/17 028),and the proportion of 35-44 years old voluntary blood donors was the highest,account for 35.6% (6 061/17 028).The voluntary blood donors in central urban blood donation houses group were mainly concentrated in the age of 18-44 years old,with the proportion of 87.0% (48 949/56 277),among which proportion of 18-24 years old voluntary blood donors was the highest,account for 32.1% (18 091/ 56 277).② There was statistically difference in composition ratios of different education levels between suburban and central urban blood donation houses groups in Chengdu from 2012 to 2016 (x2 =32 987.363,P<0.001).The education levels of voluntary blood donors in suburban blood donation houses group were mainly of junior high school,high school and specialty education,with proportion of 82.2% (14 005/ 17 028),among them the proportion of voluntary blood donors with junior high school education was the highest,account for 34.7 % (5 912/17 028).The education levels of voluntary blood donors in central urban blood donation houses group were mainly of high school,specialist and undergraduate education,with proportion of 71.9% (40 454/56 277),and proportion of specialist education voluntary blood donors was the highest,account for 29.6% (16 669/56 277).③ There was statistically difference in composition ratios of occupation between central suburban and urban blood donation houses groups in Chengdu from 2012 to 2016 (x2 =4 127.468,P<0.001).The main occupations of voluntary blood donors in suburban blood donation houses group were farmers,account for 17.9% (3 053/17 028);public officials,account for 12.2% (2 084/17 028) and workers,account for 12.2% (2 083/17 028).The main occupations of voluntary blood donors in central urban blood donation houses groups were company employee,account for 23.4% (13 163/56 277) and students,account for 15.6% (88 00/56 277).Conclusions The population characteristics of voluntary blood donors in suburban and central urban blood donation houses are different in Chengdu City.According to these population characteristics of blood donation houses in different regions,blood collection and supply institutions should scientifically formulate individualized voluntary blood donation propaganda and recruitment strategies for voluntary blood donors,in order to full utilize blood donation houses in the network layout of voluntary blood donation services.%目的 分析2012-2016年成都市中心城区和远郊献血屋无偿献血者的人口特征,为优化献血屋宣传,以及无偿献血者招募策略提供参考.方法 选择2012-2016年于成都市16个献血屋参加无偿献血的73 305例无偿献血者作为研究对象.按照无偿献血者参加献血的区域不同,将其分为远郊献血屋组(n=17 028)和中心城区献血屋组(n=56 277).采用成都市血液中心信息管理系统SHINOW9.0收集本研究无偿献血者的年龄、文化程度及职业等人口学资料.采用回顾性分析的方法,比较2组无偿献血者不同年龄段、文化程度及职业的分布情况.2组无偿献血者不同年龄、文化程度及职业献血者的构成比比较,采用x2检验.结果 ①本研究中,2012-2016年成都市远郊献血屋组与中心城区献血屋组不同年龄段的无偿献血者构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=3 204.590,P<0.001).远郊献血屋组无偿献血者年龄主要为25~54岁,该年龄段无偿献血者所占比例为83.0%(14 131/17 028),其中以35~44岁的无偿献血者所占比例最高(35.6%,6 061/17 028).中心城区献血屋组无偿献血者年龄主要为18~44岁,该年龄段无偿献血者所占比例为87.0%(48 949/56 277),其中以18~24岁无偿献血者所占比例最高(32.1%,18 091/56 277).②2012-2016年成都市远郊献血屋组与中心城区献血屋组不同文化程度的无偿献血者构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=32 987.363,P<0.001).远郊献血屋组无偿献血者以初中、高中及专科文化程度为主,所占比例为82.2%(14 005/17 028),其中初中文化程度无偿献血者所占比例最高(34.7%,5 912/17 028).中心城区献血屋组献血者以高中、专科及本科文化程度为主,所占比例为71.9%(40 454/56 277),其中专科文化程度无偿献血者所占比例最高(29.6%,16 669/56 277).③2012-2016年成都市远郊献血屋组与中心城区献血屋组不同职业的无偿献血者构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(x2 =4 127.468,P<0.001).远郊献血屋组无偿献血者的职业以农民(17.9%,3 053/17 028)、公职人员(12.2%,2 084/17 028)和工人(12.2%,2 083/17 028)为主;中心城区献血屋组无偿献血者的职业则以公司职员(23.4%,13 163/56 277)和学生(15.6%,88 00/56 277)为主.结论 成都市远郊地区与中心城区献血屋献血者的人口特征不同.采供血机构应根据不同地域献血屋的人口特征,科学制定个性化的无偿献血宣传及无偿献血者的招募策略,充分发挥献血屋在无偿献血服务网络布局中的重要作用.
    • 张博强; 田园梦; 游弋; 潘磊磊; 邢立莹; 马英顺; 刘文利; 李宁
    • 摘要: 目的 了解辽宁省西部地区城乡居民心脑血管疾病患病情况及影响因素分布,为有关部门制订相应卫生政策提供依据.方法 2014年7-9月采取分层随机整群抽样相结合的方法,对辽宁省西部两县区2312户4210名城乡居民进行了心脑血管疾病患病情况调查.结果 有效问卷4205份,有效率为99.9%.辽宁省西部地区城乡居民心脑血管疾病患病率为4.8%,标化率为3.9%,农村居民(6.8%)、男性(6.1%)、60岁以上居民(14.7%)心脑血管疾病患病率较高;居民高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、超重、肥胖、吸烟发生率分别为18.0%、10.3%、2.9%、34.3%、6.4%、23.5%.结论 辽宁省西部地区城乡居民心脑血管疾病患病率较高,尤其是农村居民,需加强农村地区主要心脑血管疾病危险因素的整合管理.
    • 王颖; 许洪梅
    • 摘要: 目的 了解北京社区居民对宫颈病变的认知程度,为宫颈病变健康教育及防护知识的宣传提供科学依据,从而提高宫颈癌前病变普查的效果.方法 2015年6月~2016年5月对丰台区6个社区共600例女性社区居民进行宫颈癌相关知识讲座,并让受访者在讲座前后填写同一调查问卷,通过对比分析讲座前后调查问卷了解其对宫颈癌防治情况认识所发生的变化.调查共获得有效问卷512份.结果 512例被调查者对于宫颈癌高危因素的认知,性生活过早、多产次、多次人流、配偶性行为、吸烟及口服避孕药的危害性明显认识不足,认知率分别为35.9%、30.5%、31.6%、23.6%、37.3%和23.2%.宫颈癌定期筛查率仅为49.4%,且选择正确筛查方法的人群仅占46.9%.接受相关知识讲座后,被调查者对宫颈癌的可防可控性认知率由3.7%上升至96.9%;选择定期筛查宫颈癌和正确筛查方法的人群分别由30.7%、46.9%上升至93.0%、100%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 目前北京市丰台区社区居民对宫颈癌的危险因素、HPV与宫颈癌的关系、宫颈癌的可防控性及其预防方法、途径的选择上明显认知不足,需要进一步加强健康教育.教育途径除了加强电视和网络等媒体宣传外,应多开展专业医生进社区进行面对面的知识讲座,这能更好地提升社区居民对宫颈癌防治知识的知晓率.
    • 谷永明
    • 摘要: 本文主要对吉林省长春地区城乡居民心脑血管疾病患病情况及影响因素进行分析,为卫生部门对心脑血管疾病防控提供相关依据.方法 为2018年5月-2018年8月采取分层问卷调查,共对长春市及相关下属5个县市3000户共计7556名居民进行心脑血管疾病患病情况调查,通过研究,得出结论,长春市城乡居民心脑血管疾病患病率较高,尤其是农村居民,需加强农村地区主要心脑血管疾病危险因素的整合管理.
    • 陈德
    • 摘要: Objective To investigate the prevalence of COPD among urban and rural residents in 4 joint regions of Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou,and to explore the possible influence factors.Methods From January to December in 2015,1 768 urban and rural residents over 40 years old were sampled by cluster sampling to detect pulmonary function for investigating the prevalence of COPD,and to explore the possible influence factors by self-designed questionnaire.Results A hundred and forty-five COPD patients were identified among 1 768 respondents with the prevalence of 8.2%.There was significant difference in prevalence rate between male (11.3%) and female (5.9%) in age group of ≥60-<70 years old (χ2=4.147,P=0.042).Age,smoking,body mass index,family history and occupational exposure were the vital influence factors of COPD with OR being 1.859,2.411,0.844,1.271 and 1.733,respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of COPD in 4 joint regions of Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou is similar to the national average level.The old and the males are high risk population.To enhance health education,active tobacco control and promotion of occupational protection are most important means for COPD prevention.%目的 调查川滇黔结合部城乡居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的患病情况并分析其可能的影响因素.方法 2015年1-12月采用整群抽样抽取川滇黔结合部4地市40岁以上居民1 768人进行肺功能检测,调查COPD患病率,同时用自行设计问卷探索COPD可能的影响因素.结果 共检出COPD病人145人,平均患病率为8.2%;在≥60~<70岁年龄段男女患病率分别为11.3%和5.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.147,P=0.042);年龄、吸烟、体质指数、相关疾病家族史、职业暴露等是COPD的重要影响因素,其OR分别为1.859、2.411、0.844、1.271和1.733.结论 川滇黔结合部地区COPD患病率与全国水平相当,老年人和男性是高危人群;加强健康教育,积极控烟,加强职业防护是预防COPD的重要手段.
    • 赵忠辉; 苗春霞; 卓朗; 姜金星; 郑娟; 李寒寒; 黄文昊; 李秋粟; 赵世鸿
    • 摘要: 目的 了解徐州市社区居民对分级诊疗制度的知晓情况并探讨其影响因素,为促进分级诊疗制度的实施与推广提供建议.方法 于2016年7-8月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,在徐州市3个区县抽取社区居民750例.采用本课题组自行设计的结构式问卷对纳入居民进行调查,主要内容包括社区居民的基本信息、对分级诊疗制度的知晓情况.共发放问卷750份,有效回收710份,问卷的有效回收率为94.7%.结果 710例社区居民中,349例知晓分级诊疗制度,知晓率为49.2%,主要知晓途径为报纸、电视、网络等媒体(54.1%,189/349).不同性别、年龄、文化程度、去年平均月收入、自评健康状况、去年医疗费用、步行至最近社区卫生服务机构时间及是否患慢性病、是否有社区卫生服务机构就诊经历社区居民的分级诊疗制度知晓率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职业、婚姻状况、医疗保险类型及是否有健康体检经历社区居民的分级诊疗制度知晓率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、文化程度、自评健康状况、步行至最近社区卫生服务机构时间及是否有社区卫生服务机构就诊经历是社区居民对分级诊疗制度知晓情况的影响因素(P<0.05).结论 徐州市社区居民的分级诊疗制度知晓率仍有待提高,性别、文化程度、自评健康状况、步行至最近社区卫生服务机构时间及是否有社区卫生服务机构就诊经历是社区居民对分级诊疗制度知晓情况的影响因素.建议卫生行政部门发挥“互联网+”、APP、公益广告等新传媒和传统宣教的力量,加大宣传力度,引导居民合理就医.%Objective To investigate the community awareness level and associated factors of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system in Xuzhou,China,so as to provide some suggestions for the implementation and extension of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.Methods Seven hundred and fifty community residents were selected by stratified multistage random sampling from 3 subordinate counties (districts) of Xuzhou from July to August 2016.They were surveyed by a structured questionnaire designed by our research team covering demographic characteristics,and awareness of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.The survey obtained a response rate of 94.7% (710/750).Results Among the 710 community residents,349 knew the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system,accounting for 49.2%.Most of them [54.1% (189 /349)] knew it from newspapers,television,the internet and other media.The rate of the awareness of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system obviously varied according to gender,age,education level,average monthly income and medical expenses of the previous year,self-perceived health status,time needed to go to the nearest community health service institution on foot,prevalence of chronic diseases,history of seeking medical services in grassroots healthcare institutions (P < 0.05),while it was not associated with occupation,marital status,type of medical insurance,and history of physical examination (P > 0.05).By multivariate Logistic regression analysis,the associated factors for the awareness level of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system comprised of gender,education level,self-perceived health status,time needed to go to the nearest community health service institution on foot,and history of seeking diagnosis and treatment services in grassroots healthcare institutions (P < 0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to inprove the rate of awareness of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system in community residents in Xuzhou.It is obviously associated with gender,education level,self-perceived health status,time needed to go to the nearest community health service institution on foot,and history of seeking medical services in grassroots healthcare institutions.Therefore,the health administrative departments should combine the new media,such as internet +,APP and public-service advertisement,and the old ones to publicize the knowledge of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system,in order to direct residents to reasonably seek medical services.
    • 苗春霞; 卓朗; 李寒寒; 王问海; 姜金星; 郑娟; 黄文昊; 李秋粟; 赵世鸿
    • 摘要: 目的 了解分级诊疗制度下徐州市社区居民的社区卫生服务机构首诊情况并探讨其影响因素,从而为合理分流患者、优化社区居民就医行为、发挥分级诊疗制度作用提供建设性建议.方法 于2016年7-8月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,在徐州市3个区县抽取社区居民750例.采用本课题组自行设计的结构式问卷对纳入居民进行调查,主要内容包括社区居民的基本信息、对分级诊疗制度的知晓情况、分级诊疗制度下的就诊选择情况.共发放问卷750份,有效回收710份,问卷有效回收率为94.7%.结果 710例社区居民中,1年内患病614例(86.5%),最近1次患病后就诊480例(78.2%),其中首选社区卫生服务机构就诊255例,社区居民的社区卫生服务机构首诊率为53.1%.不同文化程度、职业、去年平均月收入、自评健康状况、去年医疗费用及是否患慢性病、是否知晓分级诊疗制度社区居民的社区卫生服务机构首诊率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、步行至最近社区卫生服务机构时间社区居民的社区卫生服务机构首诊率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度、去年平均月收入、去年医疗费用及是否知晓分级诊疗制度是社区居民首选社区卫生服务机构就诊的影响因素(P<0.05).结论 徐州市社区居民的就诊率、社区卫生服务机构首诊率均有待提高,文化程度、去年平均月收入、去年医疗费用及是否知晓分级诊疗制度是社区居民首选社区卫生服务机构就诊的影响因素.%Objective To investigate the status and associated factors for receiving first contact care delivered by community health institutions in community residents in Xuzhou,China during the implementation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system,in order to provide some constructive suggestions for diverting patients reasonably,optimizing their health-seeking behavior and improving the role of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.Methods Seven hundred and fifty community residents were selected by stratified multistage random sampling in 3 subordinate counties (districts) of Xuzhou from July to August in 2016.They were surveyed by a structured questionnaire designed by our research team consisting of questions about demographic characteristics,awareness level of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system and the choice of medical treatment during the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.The survey achieved a response rate of 94.7% (710/750).Results Of the participants,86.5% (614/710) had a history of illness in 1 year,78.2% of them (480/614) sought medical services when they had an illness recently,and 53.1% (255/480) first received the care provided by community health service institutions.The rate of receiving first contact care delivered by community health service institutions varied significantly by education level,occupation,average monthly income and medical expenses of the preceding year,selfperceived health,prevalence of chronic diseases,and awareness level of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system (P <0.05),but not by gender,age,marital status,and time needed to go to the nearest community health service institution on foot (P > 0.05).By multivariate Logistic regression analysis,the identified associated factors for seeking first contact care delivered by community health institutions in community residents consisted of education level,average monthly income and medical expenses of the preceding year,and awareness level of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system (P < 0.05).Conclusion The rate of seeking medical services and that of receiving first contact care delivered by community health institutions in community residents in Xuzhou should be improved.Education level,average monthly income and medical expenses of the preceding year,and awareness level of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system are the associated factors for seeking first contact care delivered by community health institutions in these residents.
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