妇女卫生保健服务

摘要： 背景由于我国各地经济、文化发展水平参差不齐,宫颈癌防控实施效果也不尽相同,而了解各地宫颈癌筛查结果对制订有效的防治策略意义重大。目的对比2019年和2020年新疆石河子城区宫颈癌筛查结果,了解本地区妇女人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染及宫颈病变检出率的变化情况。方法回顾性收集2018年12月至2020年6月在新疆石河子市妇幼保健院、石河子市人民医院和石河子大学医学院第一附属医院以HPV为初筛的46994例石河子城区妇女的宫颈癌筛查数据。2019年已行宫颈癌筛查妇女,2020年不再进行宫颈癌筛查。数据包括2019年和2020年HPV感染率及其亚型分布、薄层液基细胞学检测(TCT)及阴道镜宫颈组织活检病理诊断结果,并进行分析比较。结果2019年行宫颈癌筛查的妇女18378例,2020年28616例;最终完成宫颈癌筛查的妇女44746例,2020年宫颈癌筛查完成率97.07%(27779/28616)高于2019年92.32%(16967/18378)(P<0.05)。2019年和2020年共检出HPV阳性5992例(12.75%)。在HPV阳性人群中,HPV 16、18型阳性者占18.55%(1112/5992),其他亚型阳性者占81.45%(4880/5992)。2020年宫颈癌筛查HPV阳性率〔11.09%(3176/28616)〕低于2019年〔15.32%(2816/18378)〕(P<0.05)。2019年、2020年宫颈癌筛查HPV单一类型阳性率分别为11.38%(2092/18378)、7.45%(2674/28616),多种类型阳性率为3.94%(724/18378)、1.75%(502/28616);2020年宫颈癌筛查HPV单一类型阳性率、多种类型阳性率均低于2019年(P<0.05)。2年30~39、40~49、50~59、60~65岁宫颈癌筛查妇女HPV阳性率依次为10.37%(909/8767)、12.22%(1916/15677)、13.71%(2500/18234)、15.45%(667/4316),HPV阳性率随年龄增高而增加(P<0.05)。相较于2019年,2020年30~39、40~49、50~59、60~65岁宫颈癌筛查妇女HPV阳性率均有下降(P<0.05)。2019年单一高危型HPV感染类型前5位依次为HPV 52型(20.84%)、HPV 16型(14.48%)、HPV 53型(8.56%)、HPV 51型(7.93%)和HPV 39型(7.60%)/HPV 68型(7.60%),2020年为HPV 52型(15.07%)、HPV 16型(12.64%)、HPV 58型(12.30%)、HPV 53型(10.25%)和HPV 66型(4.75%),HPV 18型2年均排在第11位。2020年宫颈癌筛查中病理诊断为炎症/湿疣、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)者所占比例低于2019年(P<0.05)。2020年30~39、50~59岁进行阴道镜检查的妇女炎症/湿疣阳性率(47.83%、65.50%)低于2019年(74.36%、77.22%)(P<0.05)。2020年30~39、40~49、50~59岁进行阴道镜检查的妇女LSIL阳性率(31.30%、27.06%、23.64%)高于2019年(5.13%、16.07%、8.89%)(P<0.05)。结论新疆石河子城区2020年宫颈癌筛查完成情况较2019年明显改善,但仍需进一步提高。2020年宫颈癌筛查妇女HPV阳性率较2019年下降,且病毒感染主要类别发生变化。相较于2019年,2020年30~39、40~49、50~59岁进行阴道镜检查的妇女中LSIL阳性率上升,应加强该年龄段人群随访管理。

摘要： 为规范基层医疗机构更年期妇女健康管理工作,对更年期相关问题早期识别并积极干预,减少更年期相关健康问题,为老年期健康奠定基础.北京妇产学会社区与基层分会组织专家根据循证医学证据、基层医疗机构现状、绝经管理相关指南等,制定了《更年期妇女健康管理专家共识(基层版)》.更年期妇女健康管理内容主要包括建立健康档案、系统健康教育、定期健康检查、一般保健指导和药物治疗等.本共识的发布对提高基层医疗机构更年期妇女健康管理水平有重要意义.

摘要： 为规范基层医疗机构子宫颈癌防控工作,对子宫颈癌筛查结果异常人群及宫颈病变治疗后人群规范管理与随访,最终降低子宫颈癌发病率,中国医师协会全科医师分会与北京妇产学会社区与基层分会组织有关专家,针对基层医疗机构子宫颈癌防控面临的问题,参照国内国际子宫颈癌筛查及异常管理相关指南,制定《子宫颈癌筛查结果异常人群社区管理专家建议》,主要包括建立健康档案、健康教育、分类管理及上下转诊等内容.该专家建议的发布对提高基层医疗机构子宫颈癌筛查结果异常人群社区管理水平有重要意义.

摘要： 目的:探讨老年妇女常见妇科疾病治疗和预防保健措施。 方法:在 2016 年 12 月至 2017 年 12 月于本院确诊的妇科疾病患者中随机抽出 72 例,分为观察组和对照组,各 36 例。 对照组采取常规对症治疗,观察组在上述基础上加以预防保健措施,比较 2 组患者的临床效果。 结果:观察组患者总有效率[91.66% (33 /36)]高于对照组[66.67% (24 / 36)],护理满意度[97.22% (35 / 36)]高于对照组[75.00% (27 / 36)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 观察组患者症状消失时间及健康调查简表评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论:针对老年妇女常见妇科疾病采取在对症治疗基础上加以预防保健措施进行干预,有效加快了患者健康恢复进度,提高其治疗效果和生活质量水平,从而满足患者治疗需求,护理满意度高,值得临床上大力推广。

摘要： 目的 分析和探究社区已婚育龄妇女的生殖健康现状及影响因素,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据.方法 随机选取官渡区已婚育龄妇女2872例,分析已婚育龄妇女的生殖健康状况,进行现场问卷调查和生殖实验室检查,并分析已婚育龄妇女生殖健康的影响因素.结果 共发放2872份问卷,有效回收2613分,有效回收率为91％.2613例已婚育龄妇女中,生殖道感染35例(1.34％),生殖健康知识全部知晓者53例(2.03％),生殖健康行为正确持有者65例(2.49％),月经初潮时间为(12.0±1.2)岁,月经量为(76.2±5.4)ml,月经规律1562例(59.78％).多因素Logistic分析结果显示,文化程度〔OR=1.914,95％CI(1.495,2.312)〕、民族〔OR=1.354,95％CI(1.114,1.716)〕、年龄〔OR=1.045,95％CI(1.015,1.062)〕、职业〔OR=1.213,95％CI(1.091,1.296)〕、家庭收入〔OR=0.501,95％CI(0.361,0.659)〕和户口性质〔OR=0.542,95％CI(0.298,0.912)〕是已婚育龄妇女生殖健康的影响因素(P<0.05).结论 社区已婚育龄妇女生殖健康行为正确持有和相关知识知晓情况较差,生殖感染发生率较高,因此需强化对社区已婚育龄妇女生殖健康的宣教.

摘要： Objective To investigate and evaluate the comprehensive ability and current situation of health care services for climacteric women of medical institutions in Sichuan Province,so as to provide guidance for further improvement of health care services for climacteric women.Methods A total of 193 physicians who attended the continuing medical education projects held by West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University and Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children from November 2016 to June 2017,and 121 hospitals where all of these 193 physicians worked at were selected as research subjects.The self-designed Climacteric Health Care Service Medical Staff and Medical Institutions Questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of physicians and hospitals,the development of climacteric health care services in hospitals,and the physicians' relative knowledge about climacteric health care services.And the results of questionnaires were analyzed statistically.The proportions of climacteric clinics,full-time and skilled medical staff engaged in climacteric health care services,establishment of health records for climacteric women,regular follow-up visits to climacteric women,applying hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as the conventional treatment method for climacteric syndrome among hospitals with different qualities,in different regions,cities and levels were compared by chi-square test,respectively.Results ①Among the 193 physicians in this research,the average age was (40.9 ± 8.8) years old.And physicians with bachelor degree or above accounted for 70.5％ (136/193),with intermediate professional title accounted for 79.8 ％ (154/193),obstetrics and gynecologists accounted for 58.0％ (112/193).②Among the 121 hospitals in this research,70 hospitals did not apply HRT as the conventional treatment method for climacteric syndrome which accounting for 57.9 ％ (70/121).And 36 hospitals set up climacteric clinics which accounting for 29.8％ (36/121),25 hospitals equipped with full-time and skilled medical staff for climacteric health care service which accounting for 20.7％ (25/121),29 hospitals established health records for climacteric women which accounting for 24.0％ (29/121),and 29 hospitals provided regular follow-up visits to climacteric women which accounting for 24.0％ (29/121).③In this research,the proportions of specialized hospitals with climacteric clinic,equipment of full-time and skilled medical staff for climacteric health care services,establishment of health records for climacteric women,and providing regular follow-up visits to climacteric women were 45.6％ (26/57),36.8％ (21/57),33.3％ (19/57) and 33.3％ (19/57),respectively,which all were higher than those of general hospitals 15.6％ (10/64),6.3％ (4/64),15.6 ％ (10/64) and 15.6 ％ (10/64),respectively,and all the differences were statistically significant (x2 =12.973,P＜0.001;x2=17.213,P＜0.001;x2 =5.188,P=0.023;x2 =5.188,P=0.023).There was statistical difference in the proportions of providing regular follow-up visits to climacteric women among hospitals in different regions (x2 =9.077,P=0.028).And the proportion of hospitals providing regular follow-up visits to climacteric women in eastern Sichuan Province ranked the first which was 54.5％ (6/11),and hospitals in western Sichuan Province ranked the second which was 25.9％ (15/58).There were statistical differences in the proportions of setting up climacteric clinics and applying HRT as the conventional treatment method for climacteric syndrome among hospitals with different levels,respectively (x2 =10.199,P =0.006;x2 =7.694,P=0.021).And proportions of setting up climacteric clinics and applying HRT as the conventional treatment method for climacteric syndrome of tertiary hospitals both were the highest among hospitals with different levels which were 44.7％ (21/47) and 55.3％ (26/47),respectively.(④Among the 193 physicians in this research,99.0％ (191/193) of them thought that it was necessary to set up climacteric clinic,42％ (81/193) of them did not know the diagnostic criteria of climacteric symptoms and symptoms related to menopause,69.9％ (135/193) of them did not use the diagnostic criteria of climacteric syndrome and symptoms related to menopause when providing climacteric health care services,80.9 ％ (169/193) of them knew HRT but considered that individual HRT treatment was difficult,and 1.6％ (3/193) even did not know HRT.And 71.0％ (137/193) of them got to know HRT through literature.Conclusions The constructions of climacteric clinics in medical institutions at different levels in Siehuan Province are insufficient obviously.The basic theoretical knowledge of climacteric health care is scarce.Medical institutions at different levels should raise the awareness of the importance of climacteric health care,and strengthen the health education,relevant facilities and equipment construction,meanwhile,reinforce the construction and management of climacteric clinic,to improve the comprehensive service level of climacteric health care services.%目的 调查和评价四川省各级医疗机构对更年期妇女的保健服务综合能力及其现状,为进一步改善和提高更年期妇女的保健服务提供参考依据.方法 选择2016年11月至2017年6月,参加四川大学华西二医院、四川省妇幼保健院举办的国家级继续医学教育项目的193位医务人员,以及其所在的121家医院为研究对象.采用自行设计的《更年期妇女保健服务人员及机构调查问卷表》,对被调查医务人员的基本信息、被调查医院的基本情况与更年期妇女保健服务的开展情况,以及被调查医务人员对更年期妇女保健相关知识的掌握情况进行调查,并对调查结果进行统计学分析.采用x2检验,对不同性质、地区、城区、等级医院开设女性更年期门诊、有专职人员从事更年期妇女保健工作、对更年期妇女建立健康档案及进行定期随诊、门诊常规应用激素替代疗法(HRT)治疗更年期综合征的比例进行比较.结果 ①本研究193位接受调查医务人员的平均年龄为(40.9±8.8)岁,本科及以上学历占70.5％(136/193),中级职称所占比例为79.8％(154/193),妇产科医师所占比例为58.0％(112/193).②本研究涉及的121家医院中,70家(57.9％,70/121)医院门诊未常规应用HRT治疗更年期综合征,36家(29.8％,36/121)医院开设女性更年期门诊,25家(20.7％,25/121)医院有专职人员从事更年期妇女保健工作,29家(24.0％,29/121)医院对更年期妇女建立健康档案,29家(24.0％,29/121)医院对更年期妇女进行定期随诊.③本调查结果显示,专科医院开设女性更年期门诊、有专职人员从事更年期妇女保健工作,以及对其建立健康档案、进行定期随诊的比例分别为45.6％(26/57)、36.8％(21/57)、33.3％(19/57)、33.3％(19/57),均分别高于综合性医院的15.6％(10/64)、6.3％(4/64)、15.6％(10/64)、15.6％(10/64),二者比较,差异均有统计学意义(x2=12.973,P＜0.001;x2=17.213,P＜0.001;x2 =5.188,P=0.023;x2 =5.188,P=0.023).不同地区医院对更年期妇女进行定期随诊的比例比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=9.077,P=0.028).其中,四川省东部地区医院对更年期妇女进行定期随诊的比例最高,为54.5％(6/11),其次为四川省西部地区医院,为25.9％(15/58).不同等级医院开设女性更年期门诊、门诊常规应用HRT治疗更年期综合征的比例分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(x2=10.199,P=0.006;x2 =7.694,P=0.021).其中,三级医院开设女性更年期门诊、门诊常规应用HRT治疗更年期综合征的比例,均为最高,分别为44.7％(21/47)、55.3％(26/47).④这193位医务人员中,认为有必要开设女性更年期门诊者占99.0％(191/193),不知道更年期综合征和绝经相关症状判断标准者占42.0％(81/193),在开展更年期妇女保健服务时,未使用更年期综合征和绝经相关症状判断标准者占69.9％(135/193),知道HRT但是认为HRT个体化治疗很困难者占80.9％(169/193),不知道HRT者占1.6％(3/193).接受调查医务人员中,71.0％(137/193)通过专业文献了解HRT.结论 四川省各级医疗机构的女性更年期保健门诊建设明显不足,医务人员对更年期妇女保健服务的相关基础理论知识掌握较差.四川省各级医疗机构应提高对更年期妇女保健重要性的认识,加强相关健康教育及相关设施、设备的建设,加强对女性更年期门诊的建设和管理,整体提高更年期妇女保健服务的综合水平.

摘要： 目的 了解北京市社区卫生服务中心妇女卫生保健服务能力.方法 将北京市16个区/县以城区及远郊区/县分层,按1:1的比例抽取样本,采用目的抽样法抽取93家社区卫生服务中心为研究对象,其中城区48家,远郊区/县45家.于2016年6—7月采用自行设计的问卷进行调查.问卷的主要内容包括:妇女保健科室设置情况、社区卫生服务中心提供的妇女卫生保健服务项目情况、社区卫生服务中心提供的实验室和影像学检查项目.共发放问卷93份,回收有效问卷93份,问卷的有效回收率为100.0%.结果 93家社区卫生服务中心中,72家(77.4%)有专门的妇科医师,其中31家(43.0%)有独立的妇科门诊.北京市城区与远郊区/县有独立妇科门诊的社区卫生服务中心的比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).93家社区卫生服务中心中,提供宫颈癌筛查、乳腺癌筛查、计划生育手术、更年期保健、产前检查服务的机构分别有47家(50.5%)、53家(57.0%)、28家(30.1%)、57家(61.3%)、34家(36.6%).城区和远郊区/县提供计划生育手术、更年期保健的社区卫生服务中心比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);城区和远郊区/县提供宫颈癌筛查、乳腺癌筛查、产前检查的社区卫生服务中心比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).93家社区卫生服务中心中,开展彩超、超声骨密度检测、电子阴道镜检查、妇科经阴道超声检查、乳腺超声检查、血生化检查、女性激素检查服务的机构分别有80家(86.0%)、45家(48.4%)、15家(16.1%)、37家(39.8%)、74家(79.6%)、86家(92.5%)、23家(24.7%).城区和远郊区/县提供彩色超声检查、超声骨密度检测、妇科经阴道超声检查的社区卫生服务中心比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);城区和远郊区/县提供电子阴道镜检查、乳腺超声检查、血生化检查、女性激素检查的社区卫生服务中心比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 北京市社区卫生服务中心已经初步具备开展妇女卫生保健的相关人员配置及硬件设施,开展形式多样,但仍需加强妇科专业人员配置和妇科门诊设置.%Objective To observe women's health care service capability of community health service centers in Beijing.Methods By means of purposive sampling,16 districts/counties in Beijing were stratified by urban areas and suburbs/counties,and the samples were taken according to a ratio of 1:1.A total of 93 community health service centers were selected, including 48 centers in the urban area and 45 centers in the suburbs/counties.A self-designed questionnaire was conducted from June to July in 2016.The main contents of the questionnaire were the settings of women's health care departments,the items of women's health care services provided by community health service centers,laboratory tests and imaging examination.A total of 93 questionnaires were distributed and 93 valid questionnaires were returned.The effective response rate was 100.0% (93/93). Results Of the 93 community health service centers,72 (77.4%) centers had specialized gynecologists,and 31 (43.0%) centers had independent gynecological clinics.There was no statistically significant difference in the settings of independent gynecological clinics between community health service centers in urban areas and suburbs/counties of Beijing(P＞0.05). Among 93 community health service centers,47(50.5%) centers provided cervical cancer screening;53(57.0%) centers provided breast cancer screening;28(30.1%) centers provided family planning surgery;57(61.3%) centers provided menopausal care;and 34(36.6%) centers provided antenatal examinations.The proportion of community health service centers providing family planning surgery and menopausal care in urban areas and suburbs/counties were significantly different (P＜0.05),while the proportion of centers providing cervical cancer screening,breast cancer screening and antenatal examinations in urban areas and suburbs/counties had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Among 93 community health service centers,80(86.0%),45(48.4%),15(16.1%),37(39.8%),74(79.6%),86(92.5%),and 23(24.7%) centers provided respectively color Doppler ultrasound,ultrasonic bone density testing,electronic colposcopy,gynecological transvaginal ultrasonography,breast ultrasonography,blood biochemical examination,and female hormone testing.There was significant difference among the proportion of community health service centers providing color Doppler ultrasound,ultrasonic bone density testing,and gynecological transvaginal ultrasonography in urban areas and suburbs/counties(P＜0.05),while the proportion of community health service centers providing electronic colposcopy,breast ultrasonography,blood biochemical examination,female hormone testing had no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion The community health service centers of Beijing have the relevant personnel and facilities to carry out the women's health care with various forms,but it is still necessary to increase the number of gynecological professionals and strengthen settings of gynecological clinics.

摘要： 妇女是社会重要组成成员,妇女健康对妇女自身、家庭及社会都有着重要的意义.妇女对妇女卫生保健服务的需求逐渐增加,但目前社区妇女卫生保健服务欠缺,是基层社区预防保健工作中较为薄弱的环节.本文通过系统整理近年来相关文献,对我国社区妇女卫生保健服务现状进行综述.结果显示:我国社区妇女卫生保健服务需求较高,而社区卫生服务机构利用率较低;社区卫生服务机构妇女卫生保健服务设置形式多样,而服务水平良莠不齐;社区已开展的妇女卫生保健服务内容较少,部分社区仅开展孕产妇保健服务,部分社区已经开展了社区更年期妇女卫生保健服务、常见病管理等.某些服务是否可以在其他地区推广、如何根据居民需求界定社区妇女卫生保健服务范畴等,尚需要进一步研究.%Women are important members of society,and women's health is of great importance to women themselves,their families and the society.Women's demand for women's health services is gradually increasing,but the lack of women's health services is a relatively weak link in the prevention and health care work of grass-roots communities.This paper summarized the current status of women's health services in communities in China through the systematical review of relevant literature in recent years.The results showed that there was a high demand for women's health services in communities,while the utilization rate of community health service institutions is low.Although community health service institutions set various forms of health services for women,the service qualities were uneven.The contents of women's health services in communities were scarce.Some of the communities only developed maternal health services,and some carried out health services for menopausal women,management of common diseases and so on.But whether these services could be replicated in other regions and how to define the scope of women's health services according to residents' demand still needs further study.

摘要： 生殖健康是指在生命所有阶段的生殖功能和过程中,身体、心理和社会适应的完好状态,其中涉及人口控制、可持续发展和妇女权益等问题,因而受到国际社会的广泛关注.世界卫生组织(WHO)在1995年提出了"2015年人人享有生殖健康"的奋斗目标,但是由于城乡二元结构的存在,我国妇女生殖健康状况令人堪忧,不同人群妇女生殖健康水平差距巨大.现从生殖健康现状、知识水平和服务可及性等方面综述不同人群妇女生殖健康研究进展,并提出合理化建议.

摘要： 目的 了解重庆市渝中区妇幼保健工作经验和存在的问题,为改善妇女儿童生存环境、促进妇幼卫生事业全面发展提供科学依据.方法 对2011—2016年重庆市渝中区"中国妇女发展纲要(2011—2020年)""中国儿童发展纲要(2011—2020年)"(两纲)妇幼卫生指标监测资料进行回顾性分析.结果 重庆市渝中区"两纲"妇幼卫生指标完成情况良好.其中孕产妇死亡率、婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率3个主要指标保持在较低水平,但出生缺陷发生率尚未达标.结论 重庆市渝中区应进一步加强育龄妇女优生优育健康教育,提高婚前医学检查率,降低出生缺陷发生率.

摘要： 妇女卫生保健系列药品，属于中草药配制及应用技术领域，系采用纯天然药用植物，经反复筛选，科学组方，精制加工而成的一种妇女外用保健治疗药剂。本发明包括：妇女卫生保健垫、妇女卫生保健栓二种剂型。

摘要： 一种用于冲洗阴道的气压式妇女卫生保健用品，它由气压水杯、导水管、喷头组成。气压水杯控制冲洗时间和速度，它由提手1、压盖2、压螺母4、上盖5、压缩袋6、压簧7、托盘9、联体12、水杯13及密封垫组成。喷头15上套有乳酸制成的套管14，喷头和套管顶端及四周有网眼孔，以便水向前及四周喷射。

摘要： 一种三点二粘式妇女经期卫生保健裤头,它由腰部、后片、后档、带有护翼及药垫的正档、前带及粘扣构成,在前带的上端以及前腰的两端头均带有粘扣实现三点二粘,因此穿脱方便,同时本实用新型还具有消毒灭菌、卫生保健的功能,可广泛做为妇女经期的保健裤头。

摘要： 一种新型妇女卫生保健袋，它的主要特征是由乳胶袋、连结孔、吸收体、弹性连接带、锁紧环构成，在边口为等腰三角形或四边形的乳胶袋内具有吸收体，在乳胶袋顶点的端处具有连接孔，连接带穿过连接孔且用锁紧环锁紧，打结，它的主要用途是在妇女月经来潮时象穿短裤一样，拉紧连接带和锁紧环形成三角形密封圈，吸收体可保证经血排量最大时使用6—12小时，它的主要优点是方便、舒适可靠、利用率高，节约原材料，成本低。

摘要： 一种妇女卫生保健多用器由植入物保护定位管、推进管及与其相配合的多能接头，膜剂用气球及压缩球组成；多用器保护定位管前沿端头略向内收，后沿端头向外凸出，推进管及多能接头直径略小于定位管内径，可在定位管内自由移动。该多用器可与栓剂、膜剂、棉条、片剂等配合使用，同时可进行阴道冲洗，使用、携带方便，成本低，生产制造容易。

摘要： 一种辅助各类阴道炎患者治疗过程中所使用的妇女卫生保健膜，为粘贴在内裤上的一次性膜状物，具有杀菌、消炎、除臭、止痒作用，它是在长方形的纤维膜和多孔聚乙烯膜之间夹有一层长方形的棉纸，棉纸层预先经过洗必泰、灭滴灵、制霉菌素、氟哌酸溶液处理，该三层结构在长边边缘处粘合在一起，在多孔聚乙烯膜外面有粘贴胶带。

摘要： 一种妇女卫生保健软球，属于卫生保健用品领域，该软球结构是将棉状纸料或脱脂棉(1)抟成直径为2～4cm的软球体或椭圆球体，用非织纤维或纱布(2)将球体裹住，开口处收紧并捻成一股软绳，在球体外部喷洒甘油、灭菌消毒药物及香料。本实用新型的优点是使妇女外阴经常保持清洁、卫生，可预防外阴疾病和交叉感染，消除异味。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种灌洗式妇女卫生保健消毒清洗器，适合于妇女的卫生保健清洗消毒的需要。它是由坐式洗盆、电热灌洗喷头、药液混合器，药液槽、导水管、排水孔组成。

摘要： 本实用新型提供一种妇女卫生保健盆。这种盆的盆体被一块隔离板分为两部分，把净水与污水严格分开，盆中还配备一个由压气球、灭菌气压瓶、单向阀等组成的冲洗器。它克服了传统洗浴盆及用水方式的缺点，适合妇女的生理特点，对抑制妇科病的传播将会起积极的作用。

摘要： 一种用于冲洗和擦洗妇女阴道及会阴部的妇女卫生保健器，主要由盛水盒、乳胶管、手柄阀、阴道冲洗头以及会阴部冲洗擦洗头等部件所组成。该产品结构简单，重量轻，操作方便，装拆自如，清洁卫生，可以控制水量的大小，既能冲洗，又能擦洗，使用效果比较好。