SARS-CoV-2

摘要： In the last two years,a new seve re acute res piratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)infection has spread worldwide leading to the death of millions.Va ccination represents the key factor in the global strategy against this pandemic,but it also poses several problems,especially for vulnerable people such as patients with multiple scle rosis.In this review,we have briefly summarized the main findings of the safety,efficacy,and acceptability of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination fo r multiple sclerosis patients.Although the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines has progressively increased in the last year,a small but significant part of patients with multiple sclerosis still has relevant concerns about vaccination that make them hesitant about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.Overall,available data suggest that the COVID-19 vaccination is safe and effective in multiple scle rosis patients,even though some pharmacological treatments such as anti-CD20 therapies or sphingosine I-phosphate receptor modulato rs can reduce the immune response to vaccination.Accordingly,COVID-19 vaccination should be strongly recommended for people with multiple scle rosis and,in patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies and sphingosine I-phosphate receptor modulato rs,and clinicians should evaluate the appropriate timing for vaccine administration.Further studies are necessary to understand the role of cellular immunity in COVID-19 vaccination and the possible usefulness of booster jabs.On the other hand,it is mandatory to learn more about the reasons why people refuse vaccination.This would help to design a more effective communication campaign aimed at increasing vaccination coverage among vulnerable people.

摘要： In light of the rising evidence of the association between viral and bacterial infections and neurodegeneration,we aimed at revisiting the infectious hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease and analyzing the possible implications of COVID-19 neurological sequelae in long-term neurodegeneration.We wondered how SARS-CoV-2 could be related to the amyloid-βcascade and how it could lead to the pathological hallmarks of the disease.We also predict a paradigm change in clinical medicine,which now has a great opportunity to conduct prospective surveillance of cognitive sequelae and progression to dementia in people who suffered severe infections together with other risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.

摘要： The most recent outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus,named as COVID-19,caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan with 2121 deaths cases as of February 20th 2020.Identification of effective antiviral agents to combat the novel coronavirus is urgently needed.Citrus fruit peel or wild citrus are rich in flavonoids,and clinically documented for roles in relief of cough and promotion of digestive health.Therefore,citrus fruits are assumed to possess antivirus activities or enhance the host immunity.A previous study found that hesperetin could act as a high potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3CLpro.We determined six flavonoid compounds’content in three citrus species by using LC-MS technique.The content of naringin and naringenin was at higher levels in pummelo.Hesperetin and hesperidin were highly accumulated in mandarin and sweet orange.The subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that naringin could inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines(COX-2,iNOS,IL-1βand IL-6)induced by LPS in Raw macrophage cell line,and may restrain cytokine through inhibiting HMGB1 expression in a mouse model.The results revealed that naringin may have a potential application for preventing cytokine storm.We simulated molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of those flavonoids to bind Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE 2),which is a receptor of the coronavirus.Consideration of the potential anti-coronavirus and anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids,the citrus fruit or its derived phytochemicals are promising in the use of prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

摘要： The global spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has had serious consequences in terms of patient morbidity and mortality and overburdened health care systems as well as the socioeconomic implications.In the absence of effective therapies and vaccinations during the viral outbreak,the major and most concise means to control viral spread is spread prevention.Although information concerning the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on pediatric surgical patients has greatly expanded,relevant comprehensive studies are scarce.However,pandemic related morbidity has increased,while under normal circumstances mortality could have been minimized.

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infected so far over 250 million people and caused the death of over 5 million worldwide.Aging,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,conditions with preexisting impaired endothelial functions predispose to COVID-19.While respiratory epithelium is the main route of virus entry,the endothelial cells(ECs)lining pulmonary blood vessels are also an integral part of lung injury in COVID-19 patients.COVID-19 not only affects the lungs and respiratory system but also gastrointestinal(GI)tract,liver,pancreas,kidneys,heart,brain,and skin.Blood vessels are likely conduits for the virus dissemination to these distant organs.Importantly,ECs are also critical for vascular regeneration during injury/lesions healing and restoration of vascular network.The World Journal of Gastroenterology has published in last two years over 67 outstanding papers on COVID-19 infection with a focus on the GI tract,liver,pancreas,etc.,however,the role of the endothelial and vascular components as major targets for COVID-19-induced tissue injury,spreading to various organs,and injury healing have not been sufficiently emphasized.In the present article,we focus on these subjects and on current treatments including the most recent oral drugs molnupiravir and paxlovid that show a dramatic,significant efficacy in controlling severe COVID-19 infection.

摘要： Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 is a major global health issue and is driving the need for new therapeutics.The surface spike protein,which plays a central role in virus infection,is currently the target for vaccines and neutralizing treatments.The emergence of novel variants with multiple mutations in the spike protein may reduce the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies by altering the binding activity of the protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).To understand the impact of spike protein mutations on the binding interactions required for virus infection and the effectiveness of neutralizing monoclonal antibody(mAb)therapies,the binding activities of the original spike protein receptor binding domain(RBD)sequence and the reported spike protein variants were investigated using surface plasmon resonance.In addition,the interactions of the ACE2 receptor,an antispike mAb(mAb1),a neutralizing mAb(mAb2),the original spike RBD sequence,and mutants D614G,N501Y,N439K,Y453F,and E484K were assessed.Compared to the original RBD,the Y453F and N501Y mutants displayed a significant increase in ACE2 binding affinity,whereas D614G had a substantial reduction in binding affinity.All mAb-RBD mutant proteins displayed a reduction in binding affinities relative to the original RBD,except for the E484K-mAb1 interaction.The potential neutralizing capability of mAb1 and mAb2 was investigated.Accordingly,mAb1 failed to inhibit the ACE2-RBD interaction while mAb2 inhibited the ACE2-RBD interactions for all RBD mutants,except mutant E484K,which only displayed partial blocking.

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has caused a pandemic that affected all countries with nearly 270 million patients and 5 million deaths,as of as of December,2021.The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus targets the receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,which is frequently found in human intestinal epithelial cells,bile duct epithelial cells,and liver cells,and all gastrointestinal system organs are affected by COVID-19 infection.The aim of this study is to review the gastrointestinal manifestations and liver damage of COVID-19 infection and investigate the severe COVID-19 infection risk in patients that have chronic gastrointestinal disease,along with current treatment guidelines.A literature search was conducted on electronic databases of PubMed,Scopus,and Cochran Library,consisting of COVID-19,liver injury,gastrointestinal system findings,and treatment.Liver and intestinal involvements are the most common manifestations.Diarrhea,anorexia,nausea/vomiting,abdominal pain are the most frequent symptoms seen in intestinal involvement.Mild hepatitis occurs with elevated levels of transaminases.Gastrointestinal involvement is associated with long hospital stay,severity of the disease,and intensive care unit necessity.Treatments and follow-up of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,or liver transplant have been negatively affected during the pandemic.Patients with cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,auto-immune diseases,or liver transplantation may have a greater risk for severe COVID-19.Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures should be restricted with specific conditions.Telemedicine should be used in non-urgent periodic patient follow up.COVID-19 treatment should not be delayed in patients at the risk group.COVID-19 vaccination should be prioritized in this group.

摘要： The spread of SARS-CoV-2 as an emerging novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had progressed as a worldwide pandemic since the end of 2019. COVID-19 affects firstly lungs tissues which are known for their very slow regeneration. Afterwards, enormous cytokine stimulation occurs in the infected cells immediately after a lung infection which necessitates good management to save patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of nanometric size released by reticulocytes on maturation and are known to mediate intercellular communications. The exosomal cargo serves as biomarkers in diagnosing various diseases;moreover, exosomes could be employed as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Exosomes look promising to combat the current pandemic since they contribute to the immune response against several viral pathogens. Many studies have proved the potential of using exosomes either as viral elements or host systems that acquire immune-stimulatory effects and could be used as a vaccine or drug delivery tool. It is essential to stop viral replication, prevent and reverse the massive storm of cytokine that worsens the infected patients’ situations for the management of COVID-19. The main benefits of exosomes could be;no cells will be introduced, no chance of mutation, lack of immunogenicity and the damaged genetic material that could negatively affect the recipient is avoided. Additionally, it was found that exosomes are static with no ability for in vivo reproduction. The current review article discusses the possibilities of using exosomes for detecting novel coronavirus and summarizes state of the art concerning the clinical trials initiated for examining the use of COVID-19 specific T cells derived exosomes and mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in managing COVID-19.

摘要： 目的构建冠状病毒感染动物模型比较转录组学数据库,从基因表达水平比较冠状病毒感染人和动物模型后的异同,为动物实验与临床研究提供数据支撑。方法从GEO、ArrayExpress等数据库中下载冠状病毒(以SARS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2、MERS-CoV为主)感染动物模型与人的转录组数据,对测序数据进行质控、标准化、去除批次效应,分析不同病毒株在感染不同物种、细胞或组织后所引起的基因表达变化,构建基于Django网络应用框架的数据库,建立检索界面,提供数据分析与可视化展示功能。结果本研究系统性整理了43套测序数据集,建立了冠状病毒感染动物模型比较转录组学数据库。数据库包含3种冠状病毒、4个物种、14种组织/细胞、2373个样本。数据库展示不同基因在不同物种、不同病毒株、不同感染时间、不同滴度、不同细胞或组织中的表达差异。同时嵌入生物信息学分析工具可挖掘基因表达差异,富集差异基因的分子功能、信号通路,并预测对细胞的潜在影响。结论本文建立了冠状病毒感染动物模型比较转录组学数据库。可为冠状病毒感染动物模型基因表达水平研究提供数据资源和分析工具。

摘要： 新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是由新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的一种具有发病率、致死率极高的新型呼吸系统传染病。由于SARS-CoV-2本身的特异性,其突变率较高,目前已出现一系列不同的SARS-CoV-2变异株,使COVID-19疫情一直反复。近日,世界卫生组织(WHO)公布了新变异株“奥密克戎”(Omicron,B.1.1.529),并宣称该变异株可能具有较强的传染性、较高的抗体耐受性及疫苗耐受性。本文就“奥密克戎”变异株的最新研究进展作一简要综述。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种包含阳极An和阴极Ka和配置在阳极An和阴极Ka之间的发光层E和合适的话至少一个其它层的有机发光二极管，其中所述发光层E和/或至少一个其它层包含至少一种选自二甲硅烷基咔唑、二甲硅烷基二苯并呋喃、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩、二甲硅烷基二苯并磷杂环戊二烯、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S-氧化物和二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S，S-二氧化物的化合物，本发明还涉及一种包含至少一种上述化合物的发光层，上述化合物作为基质材料、空穴/激子阻挡材料、电子/激子阻挡材料、空穴注入材料、电子注入材料、空穴导体材料和/或电子导体材料的用途，以及涉及一种选自包含至少一种本发明有机发光二极管的固定可视显示单元、移动的可视显示单元和照明单元的器件。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种包含阳极An和阴极Ka和配置在An和阴极Ka之间且包含至少一种卡宾配合物的发光层E和合适的话至少一个其他层的有机发光二极管，其中所述发光层E和/或至少一个其他层包含至少一种选自二甲硅烷基咔唑、二甲硅烷基二苯并呋喃、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩、二甲硅烷基二苯并磷杂环戊二烯、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S-氧化物和二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S，S-二氧化物的化合物，本发明还涉及一种包含至少一种上述化合物和至少一种卡宾配合物的发光层，上述化合物作为基质材料、空穴/激子阻挡材料、电子/激子阻挡材料、空穴注入材料、电子注入材料、空穴导体材料和/或电子导体材料的用途，以及涉及一种选自包含至少一种本发明有机发光二极管的固定显示器单元、移动的显示器单元和照明单元的器件；本发明还涉及所选的二甲硅烷基咔唑、二甲硅烷基二苯并呋喃、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩、二甲硅烷基二苯并磷杂环戊二烯、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S-氧化物和二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S，S-二氧化物的化合物，及其制备方法。

摘要： 本发明公开了天露柿肺清在制备治疗新冠病毒SARSCoV‑2药物中的应用。本发明首次发现天露柿肺清与新冠病毒SARSCoV‑2分别作用5min和10min后，通过测试作用后病毒的TCID50，发现抗新冠病毒的杀灭率均为99.99％，可将其用于新型冠状病毒感染性疾病的预防和治疗，为新冠肺炎患者提供了用药选择，对当前的疫情防控具有重要作用和意义。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种包含阳极An和阴极Ka和配置在阳极An和阴极Ka之间的发光层E和合适的话至少一个其它层的有机发光二极管，其中所述发光层E和/或至少一个其它层包含至少一种选自二甲硅烷基咔唑、二甲硅烷基二苯并呋喃、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩、二甲硅烷基二苯并磷杂环戊二烯、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S－氧化物和二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S，S－二氧化物的化合物，本发明还涉及一种包含至少一种上述化合物的发光层，上述化合物作为基质材料、空穴/激子阻挡材料、电子/激子阻挡材料、空穴注入材料、电子注入材料、空穴导体材料和/或电子导体材料的用途，以及涉及一种选自包含至少一种本发明有机发光二极管的固定可视显示单元、移动的可视显示单元和照明单元的器件。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种包含阳极An和阴极Ka和配置在An和阴极Ka之间且包含至少一种卡宾配合物的发光层E和合适的话至少一个其他层的有机发光二极管，其中所述发光层E和/或至少一个其他层包含至少一种选自二甲硅烷基咔唑、二甲硅烷基二苯并呋喃、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩、二甲硅烷基二苯并磷杂环戊二烯、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S-氧化物和二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S，S-二氧化物的化合物，本发明还涉及一种包含至少一种上述化合物和至少一种卡宾配合物的发光层，上述化合物作为基质材料、空穴/激子阻挡材料、电子/激子阻挡材料、空穴注入材料、电子注入材料、空穴导体材料和/或电子导体材料的用途，以及涉及一种选自包含至少一种本发明有机发光二极管的固定显示器单元、移动的显示器单元和照明单元的器件；本发明还涉及所选的二甲硅烷基咔唑、二甲硅烷基二苯并呋喃、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩、二甲硅烷基二苯并磷杂环戊二烯、二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S-氧化物和二甲硅烷基二苯并噻吩S，S-二氧化物的化合物，及其制备方法。

摘要： 本发明的苯二甲撑二氨基甲酸酯，按质量基准计以下述式(1)～(4)所示的杂质的总量低于100ppm的比例含有下述式(1)～(4)所示的杂质(上述式(1)～(4)中，R表示1价的烃基)。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种通过乙二醇醇解反应解聚消费后的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的酶促方法。该发明还涉及一种再循环消费后的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的方法以及通过所述方法获得的再循环的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种树脂共混物，该树脂共混物包含间苯二酚二邻苯二甲腈醚树脂和双酚M二邻苯二甲腈醚树脂的共混物。提供了另一种树脂共混物，该树脂共混物包含间苯二酚二邻苯二甲腈醚树脂和双酚T二邻苯二甲腈醚树脂的共混物。树脂共混物在固化之前具有相比于单独的间苯二酚二邻苯二甲腈树脂更有利的加工和固化特性，从而使得能够更易于制造。

摘要： 根据本发明，提供一种含有羟基当量为规定值以下的含酚性羟基的树脂的二次电池负极用树脂组合物。本发明的一个方式的二次电池负极用树脂组合物含有：羟基当量为300g/eq以下的含酚性羟基的树脂；和沸点温度或热分解温度超过上述含酚性羟基的树脂的自缩合温度的磷酸酯或磷酸衍生物。

摘要： 本发明的目的在于提供一种能够形成正极的非水系二次电池正极用粘结剂组合物，通过该正极可得到即使是在低温和低充电深度条件下实施了老化处理的情况下也具有优异的寿命特性的非水系二次电池。本发明的粘结剂组合物包含第1粘结材料，而且包含铁、以及钌和铑中的至少一者，铁以及钌和铑的合计含量相对于100质量份的第1粘结材料为5×10‑3质量份以下。