diagnosis

摘要： Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a prodrome of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Cognitive impairment patients often have a delayed diagnosis because there are no early symptoms or conventional diagnostic methods.Exosomes play a vital role in cell-to-cell communications and can act as promising biomarkers in diagnosing diseases.This study was designed to identify serum exosomal candidate proteins that may play roles in diagnosing MCI.Mass spectrometry coupled with tandem mass tag approach-based non-targeted proteomics was used to show the differentially expressed proteins in exosomes between MCI patients and healthy controls,and these differential proteins were validated using immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Correlation of cognitive performance with the serum exosomal protein level was determined.Nanoparticle tracking analysis suggested that there was a higher serum exosome concentration and smaller exosome diameter in individuals with MCI compared with healthy controls.We identified 69 exosomal proteins that were differentially expressed between MCI patients and healthy controls using mass spectrometry analysis.Thirty-nine exosomal proteins were upregulated in MCI patients compared with those in control patients.Exosomal fibulin-1,with an area under the curve value of 0.81,may be a biomarker for an MCI diagnosis.The exosomal protein signature from MCI patients reflected the cell adhesion molecule category.In particular,higher exosomal fibulin-1 levels correlated with lower cognitive performance.Thus,this study revealed that exosomal fibulin-1 is a promising biomarker for diagnosing MCI.

摘要： Background:Nanotechnologies promise to improve disease diagnosis and treatment,overcoming the limitations of conventional administrations.In particular,extracellular vesicles(EVs)and artificial vesicles(AVs)are strongly emerging tools in nanomedicine(Leggio et al.,2020).EVs are cell-derived membrane structures secreted after the fusion of endosomes with the plasma membrane(exosomes)or shed from the plasma membrane(microvesicles).EVs are released by different brain cells(neurons,oligodendrocytes,astrocytes,and microglia)and constitute a physiological intercellular communication system.Indeed,EVs can deliver different types of molecules(nucleic acids and proteins),which often influence the phenotype of the recipient cells.They play a physiological role in the central nervous system(CNS),such as development,myelination,regeneration,and synaptic activity(Lai et al.,2012).Due to their content,EVs could therefore constitute an important biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases,represent candidates for therapeutic use,enclosing regulatory molecules,or be considered as vectors for brain drug delivery(Croese et al.,2018).

摘要： In vivo imaging of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains an important challenge.We injected porous Ag/Au@SiO2 bimetallic hollow nanoshells carrying anti-tropomyosin 4 as a molecular probe into mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and observed microvascular changes in the brain using photoacoustic imaging with ultrasonography.At each measured time point,the total photoacoustic signal was significantly higher on the affected side than on the healthy side.Twelve hours after reperfusion,cerebral perfusion on the affected side increased,cerebrovascular injury worsened,and anti-tropomyosin 4 expression increased.Twenty-four hours after reperfusion and later,perfusion on the affected side declined slowly and stabilized after 1 week;brain injury was also alleviated.Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the brain injury tissue changes.The nanoshell molecular probe carrying anti-tropomyosin 4 has potential for use in early diagnosis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and evaluating its progression.

摘要： In the past few years,significant progress has been made in modeling and state estimation for industrial processes to improve control performance,reliable monitoring,quick and accurate fault detection,diagnosis,high product quality,fule and resource consumption,etc.However,with the fast development of information technology,numerous essential issues are faced in modeling and state estimation,which generates the new need for novel modeling and or state estimation methodologies and in-depth studies of them.Therefore,this special issue is dedicated to innovative modeling and state estimation from applicability,computational efficiency,and effectiveness.

摘要： BACKGROUND Acromioclavicular joint(ACJ)space narrowing has been considered to be an important diagnostic image parameter of ACJ osteoarthritis(ACJO).However,the morphology of the ACJ space is irregular because of osteophyte formation,subchondral irregularity,capsular distention,sclerosis,and erosion.Therefore,we created the ACJ cross-sectional area(ACJCSA)as a new diagnostic image parameter to assess the irregular morphologic changes of the ACJ.AIM To hypothesize that the ACJCSA is a new diagnostic image parameter for ACJO.METHODS ACJ samples were obtained from 35 patients with ACJO and 30 healthy individuals who underwent shoulder magnetic resonance(S-MR)imaging that revealed no evidence of ACJO.Oblique coronal,T2-weighted,fat-suppressed SMR images were acquired at the ACJ level from the two groups.We measured the ACJCSA and the ACJ space width(ACJSW)at the ACJ on the S-MR images using our imaging analysis program.The ACJCSA was measured as the cross-sectional area of the ACJ.The ACJSW was measured as the narrowest point between the acromion and the clavicle.RESULTS The average ACJCSA was 39.88±10.60 mm;in the normal group and 18.80±5.13 mm;in the ACJO group.The mean ACJSW was 3.51±0.58 mm in the normal group and 2.02±0.48 mm in the ACJO group.ACJO individuals had significantly lower ACJCSA and ACJSW than the healthy individuals.Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the most suitable ACJCSA cutoff score was 26.14 mm^(2),with 91.4%sensitivity and 90.0%specificity.CONCLUSION The optimal ACJSW cutoff score was 2.37 mm,with 88.6%sensitivity and 96.7%specificity.Even though both the ACJCSA and ACJSW were significantly associated with ACJO,the ACJCSA was a more sensitive diagnostic image parameter.

摘要： Primary breast lymphomas are rare. They are defined by the involvement of one or both breasts. This is the first site affected or mainly affected with the exception of ipsilateral axillary involvement. Due to the absence of specific clinical and radiological signs, the diagnosis is confirmed by histology. The most frequent entity remains diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The place of surgery remains exclusive in establishing the initial diagnosis. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy with or without Rituximab remains the gold standard in the therapeutic arsenal. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with no surgical history;nulliparous;followed in nephrology for chronic renal failure, received as an outpatient for a nodule in the left breast in a context of dyspnea. This is a nodule discovered incidentally during a routine examination. Clinical examination of the left breast found nipple retraction without ulceration;a mass 7 cm in diameter located in the left upper outer quadrant. Breast ultrasound and mammography suggest a suspected lesion of malignancy. After a percutaneous micro biopsy;the histological study confirms the diagnosis of a large B-cell lymphoma of the left breast. A TAP CT scan is performed as part of the extension assessment. Chemotherapy based on R-CHOP with local radiotherapy is decided in CPR.

摘要： In China,rare diseases are defined as having a birth incidence of less than 1/10000,or a prevalence of less than 1/10000 or less than 140000 patients.Over 7000 rare diseases affect more than 20 million people in China.Many conditions are misdiagnosed or undiagnosed and most have no treatment,resulting in a huge burden on patients,their families,and the national economy.At the 297th Shuangqing Forum of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,we highlighted the challenges and potential solutions to achieve precision medicine for undiagnosed and rare diseases.

摘要： Background: Tuberculosis was the deadliest infectious agent before covid-19;1.5 million deaths in 2020. Despite, a variety, of easy and cheap diagnostic tools, detection rates still fall below 90%;diagnosis delays are long exceeding 30 days in many continents. This study aimed to determine risk factors for pulmonary TB diagnosis delays in Mali. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bamako to include pulmonary TB patients at treatment initiation centers. Verbal consent was obtained before the interview. Demographics, clinical, treatment cost, and patient, medical, and diagnostic delays were computed using SPSS 25.0 considering a significance level p Results: In total 266 patients were included, 80.8% were male, mean age was 40.5 ± 12 years, primary education level was 50.4%, treatment cost before diagnosis was 100 - 200 thousand CFA in 65.4%, smokers were 42.1%, median patient, medical and total diagnostic delays were 58, 57 and 114 days respectively. Education level below university, social reasons, and non-request of health workers were identified as independent risk factors for diagnostic delay > 100 days in Mali. Conclusion: Diagnostic delay is relatively very long in Mali, there is an urgent need for identification and action to shorten the delays to limit the transmission chain and avoid disabling pulmonary sequels.

摘要： Lateral epicondylitis(LE)is a chronic aseptic inflammatory condition caused by repetitive microtrauma and excessive overload of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle.This is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain syndrome in the elbow,inducing significant pain and limitation of the function of the upper limb.It affects approximately 1-3%of the population and is frequently seen in racquet sports and sports associated with functional overload of the elbow,such as tennis,squash,gymnastics,acrobatics,fitness,and weight lifting.Typewriters,artists,musicians,electricians,mechanics,and other professions requiring frequent repetitive movements in the elbow and wrists are also affected.LE is a leading causation for absence from work and lower sport results in athletes.The treatment includes a variety of conservative measures,but if those fail,surgery is indicated.This review summarizes the knowledge about this disease,focusing on risk factors,expected course,prognosis,and conservative and surgical treatment approaches.

摘要： BACKGROUND Pulmonary cryptococcosis(PC)is an opportunistic infectious disease of the respiratory system.Lung tissue biopsies,culture of respiratory samples(e.g.,sputum,lung tissue,pleural fluid,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid),and cryptococcal antigen(CrAg)testing are helpful for a definitive diagnosis.However,these tests are sometimes falsely negative.PC is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed owing to the absence of obvert symptoms,poor imaging specificity,and false-negative laboratory tests.CASE SUMMARY We report two female patients who underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle pulmonary biopsy of a lung nodule for a confirmed diagnosis.In both patients,the CrAg test on the lung biopsy tissue homogenate was positive,while the serum CrAg test was negative.Combined with the lung tissue pathology,we made the diagnosis of PC.Antifungal therapy was effective in both patients.CONCLUSION Given the findings of our cases and the literature review,lung tissue homogenate CrAg testing can be helpful in improving the diagnosis of PC.

摘要： Scan design is a widely used design-for-testability technique to improve test quality and efficiency. For the scan-designed circuit, test and diagnosis of the scan chain and the circuit is an important process for silicon debug and yield learning. However, conventional scan designs and diagnosis methods abort the subsequent diagnosis process after diagnosing the scan chain if the scan chain is faulty. In this work, we propose a design-for-diagnosis scan strategy called helix scan and a diagnosis algorithm to address this issue. Unlike previous proposed methods, helix scan has the capability to carry on the diagnosis process without losing information when the scan chain is faulty. What is more, it simplifies scan chain diagnosis and achieves high diagnostic resolution as well as accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our design.

摘要： Ultrasound was used to diagnose the behaviors of a single screw extruder and an internal mixer. It was found that under the same processing conditions, the performance of theinspected processing equipment could vary noticeably. This variation in performance was found to be dependent on the past history of equipment usage. A major contributing factor to this discrepancy in processing performance was believed to be various degree of engagement of the screw or of the mixing blades in the gear box. The ultrasonic technology presented in this work can be applied to inspection of any extruders or internal mixers to help assure that the processing equipment is capable of delivering consistent products.

摘要： Ultrasound was used to diagnose the behaviors of a single screw extruder and an internal mixer. It was found that under the same processing conditions, the performance of theinspected processing equipment could vary noticeably. This variation in performance was found to be dependent on the past history of equipment usage. A major contributing factor to this discrepancy in processing performance was believed to be various degree of engagement of the screw or of the mixing blades in the gear box. The ultrasonic technology presented in this work can be applied to inspection of any extruders or internal mixers to help assure that the processing equipment is capable of delivering consistent products.

摘要： Ultrasound was used to diagnose the behaviors of a single screw extruder and an internal mixer. It was found that under the same processing conditions, the performance of theinspected processing equipment could vary noticeably. This variation in performance was found to be dependent on the past history of equipment usage. A major contributing factor to this discrepancy in processing performance was believed to be various degree of engagement of the screw or of the mixing blades in the gear box. The ultrasonic technology presented in this work can be applied to inspection of any extruders or internal mixers to help assure that the processing equipment is capable of delivering consistent products.

摘要： Ultrasound was used to diagnose the behaviors of a single screw extruder and an internal mixer. It was found that under the same processing conditions, the performance of theinspected processing equipment could vary noticeably. This variation in performance was found to be dependent on the past history of equipment usage. A major contributing factor to this discrepancy in processing performance was believed to be various degree of engagement of the screw or of the mixing blades in the gear box. The ultrasonic technology presented in this work can be applied to inspection of any extruders or internal mixers to help assure that the processing equipment is capable of delivering consistent products.

摘要： Universal serial bus 2.0 (USB2.0) is a kind of mainstream interface technology. The traditional USB developing is only to develop USB peripheral devices. For the USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system that has wide application foreground, some interference inevitably exists in signal transmitting. Some fault-tolerant design and test methods must be adopted in order to correctly transmit and receive data. Combining with a project, this paper introduces in detail about measures, hardware implement, and test methods of fault-tolerant design about USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system. Fault-tolerant design measures, noise reduction measures of signal processing, fault-tolerant methods about data encode and decode, package identification (ID) field fault-tolerant methods, and cyclic redundancy checks fault-tolerant methods are discussed. The paper also presents some hardware implement methods about fault-tolerant design of data decode and test methods about fault-tolerant design of USB2.0 IP core system. These methods can offer the reference for development of USB2.0 system in all kinds of electronics instrumentations.

摘要： Universal serial bus 2.0 (USB2.0) is a kind of mainstream interface technology. The traditional USB developing is only to develop USB peripheral devices. For the USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system that has wide application foreground, some interference inevitably exists in signal transmitting. Some fault-tolerant design and test methods must be adopted in order to correctly transmit and receive data. Combining with a project, this paper introduces in detail about measures, hardware implement, and test methods of fault-tolerant design about USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system. Fault-tolerant design measures, noise reduction measures of signal processing, fault-tolerant methods about data encode and decode, package identification (ID) field fault-tolerant methods, and cyclic redundancy checks fault-tolerant methods are discussed. The paper also presents some hardware implement methods about fault-tolerant design of data decode and test methods about fault-tolerant design of USB2.0 IP core system. These methods can offer the reference for development of USB2.0 system in all kinds of electronics instrumentations.

摘要： Universal serial bus 2.0 (USB2.0) is a kind of mainstream interface technology. The traditional USB developing is only to develop USB peripheral devices. For the USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system that has wide application foreground, some interference inevitably exists in signal transmitting. Some fault-tolerant design and test methods must be adopted in order to correctly transmit and receive data. Combining with a project, this paper introduces in detail about measures, hardware implement, and test methods of fault-tolerant design about USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system. Fault-tolerant design measures, noise reduction measures of signal processing, fault-tolerant methods about data encode and decode, package identification (ID) field fault-tolerant methods, and cyclic redundancy checks fault-tolerant methods are discussed. The paper also presents some hardware implement methods about fault-tolerant design of data decode and test methods about fault-tolerant design of USB2.0 IP core system. These methods can offer the reference for development of USB2.0 system in all kinds of electronics instrumentations.

摘要： Universal serial bus 2.0 (USB2.0) is a kind of mainstream interface technology. The traditional USB developing is only to develop USB peripheral devices. For the USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system that has wide application foreground, some interference inevitably exists in signal transmitting. Some fault-tolerant design and test methods must be adopted in order to correctly transmit and receive data. Combining with a project, this paper introduces in detail about measures, hardware implement, and test methods of fault-tolerant design about USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system. Fault-tolerant design measures, noise reduction measures of signal processing, fault-tolerant methods about data encode and decode, package identification (ID) field fault-tolerant methods, and cyclic redundancy checks fault-tolerant methods are discussed. The paper also presents some hardware implement methods about fault-tolerant design of data decode and test methods about fault-tolerant design of USB2.0 IP core system. These methods can offer the reference for development of USB2.0 system in all kinds of electronics instrumentations.

摘要： Universal serial bus 2.0 (USB2.0) is a kind of mainstream interface technology. The traditional USB developing is only to develop USB peripheral devices. For the USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system that has wide application foreground, some interference inevitably exists in signal transmitting. Some fault-tolerant design and test methods must be adopted in order to correctly transmit and receive data. Combining with a project, this paper introduces in detail about measures, hardware implement, and test methods of fault-tolerant design about USB2.0 peripheral devices IP core system. Fault-tolerant design measures, noise reduction measures of signal processing, fault-tolerant methods about data encode and decode, package identification (ID) field fault-tolerant methods, and cyclic redundancy checks fault-tolerant methods are discussed. The paper also presents some hardware implement methods about fault-tolerant design of data decode and test methods about fault-tolerant design of USB2.0 IP core system. These methods can offer the reference for development of USB2.0 system in all kinds of electronics instrumentations.